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Demographic and Health Survey 1990

Nigeria, 1990
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NGA_1990_DHS_v01_M
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The data from this study are used in the following publications:
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1 Fertility trends and determinants in six African countries. Maryland, USA: Macro International, 1994.
2 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.
3 Population bulletin of the United Nations 2002: Prospects for fertility decline in high fertility countries. : United Nations Publications, 2007.
4 Population bulletin of the United Nations : Completing the fertility transition. New York, USA: United Nations Publications, 2009.
5 Rolling Back Malaria: The World Bank Global Strategy & Booster Program. : World Bank Publications, 2005.
6 The state of demographic transition in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Economic Commission for Africa, 2001.
7 World malaria report 2005. : Roll Back Malaria World Health Organization UNICE, 2005.
8 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.
9 Adeboyejo, A. Thompson, and I P Onyeonoru. "Residential density and adolescent reproductive health problems in Ibadan, Nigeria." Etude de la Population Africaine 18, no. 1 (2003).
10 Adegboye, Oyelola, and Danelle Kotze. "Is poverty a determinant of educational attainment? Perspectives from Africa." (2011)
11 Adetunji A, Jacob. "Infant mortality and mother's education in Ondo State, Nigeria." Social Science & Medicine 40, no. 2 (1995): 253-263.
12 Adetunji A, Jacob. "Infant mortality levels in Africa: Does method of estimation matter?." Genus 52, no. 3/4 (1996): 89-106.
13 Agha, Sohail. "Changes in the timing of sexual initiation among young Muslim and Christian women in Nigeria." Archives of sexual behavior 38, no. 6 (2008): 899-908.
14 Ahiadeke, Clement. "Breast-feeding, diarrhoea and sanitation as components of infant and child health: a study of large scale survey data from Ghana and Nigeria." Journal of Biosocial Science 32, no. 1 (2000): 47-61.
15 Ahiadeke, Clement, Douglas Gurak, and Steven J Schwager. "Breastfeeding behavior and infant survival with emphasis on reverse causation bias: Some evidence from Nigeria." Biodemography and Social Biology 47, no. 1-2 (2000): 94-113.
16 Ahonsi, Babatunde. "Age variations in the proximate determinants of child mortality in south-west Nigeria." (1995) Journal of biosocial science.
17 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "The height of women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of health, nutrition, and income in childhood." Annals of Human Biology 34, no. 4 (2007): 397-410.
18 Akinyemi, Joshua O, Elijah A Bamgboye, and Olusola Ayeni. "Trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria and effects of bio-demographic and maternal characteristics." BMC pediatrics 15, no. 1 (2015): 36.
19 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.
20 Antai, Diddy, and Tahereh Moradi. "Urban area disadvantage and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: The effect of rapid urbanization." Environmental health perspectives 118, no. 6 (2010): 877.
21 Apata, T.G., A.I. Ogunyinka, R.I. Sanusi, and S. Ogunwande. "Effects of global climate change on Nigerian agriculture: An empirical analysis." 84th annual conference of Agricultural Economics Society. Edinburgh, Scotland, 2010.
22 Araoye O, Margaret. "Epidemiology of infertility: social problems of the infertile couples." West African Journal of Medicine 22, no. 2 (2004): 190-196.
23 Arbesu, Horacio Alejandro Larreguy. "The Lasting Impact of Colonial Educational Policies in Nigeria: Evidence from a Policy Experiment on Missionary Activity." (2011) Department of Economics, Massachussets Institute of Technology.
24 ARE,. World population monitoring 2002: Reproductive rights and reproductive health. New York, USA: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division , 2004.
25 Arowojolu, A. O, and Adeyemi O Adekunle. "Perception and practice of emergency contraception by post-secondary school students in South West Nigeria." African Journal of Reproductive Health 4, no. 1 (2004): 56-65.
26 Artadi V, Elsa. "Going into Labor: Earnings vs. Infant Survival in Rural Africa." (2005) Mimeograph, Bocconi University.
27 Bado, Aristide R, Sathiya A Susuman, and Eric I Nebie. "Trends and risk factors for childhood diarrhea in sub-Saharan countries (1990-2013): assessing the neighborhood inequalities." (2016) Global health action.
28 Bagheri, Masoumeh, and Bahram Nikbakhesh. "Prevalence of contraception usage and family planning." European Journal of Scientific Research 44, no. 3 (2010): 457-465.
29 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
30 Balk, Deborah, Adam Storeygard, Marc Levy, Joanne Gaskell, Manohar Sharma, and Rafael Flor. "Child hunger in the developing world: an analysis of environmental and social correlates." Food Policy 30, no. 5-6 (2005): 584-611.
31 Banerjee, Sudeshna Ghosh, and Elvira Morella. Africa's Water and Sanitation Infrastructure: Access, Affordability, and Alternatives. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 2011.
32 Banerjee, Sudeshna, Quentin Wodon, Amadou Diallo, Taras Pushak, Elal Uddin, Clarence Tsimpo, and Vivien Foster. Access, affordability, and alternatives: modern infrastructure services in Africa. : World Bank, 2008.
33 Banerjee, Sudeshna G, Amadou B Diallo, Vivien Foster, and Quentin T Wodon. "Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa." (2009) World Bank Working Paper Series.
34 Bankole, A. "The role of mass media in family planning promotion in Nigeria.." (1994)
35 Bankole, A., G. Rodriguez, and C. F Westoff. "Mass media messages and reproductive behaviour in Nigeria." (1996) Journal of Biosocial Science.
36 Bankole, Akinrinola, Gilda Sedgh, Friday Okonofua, Collins Imarhiagbe, Rubina Hussain, and Deirdre Wulf. "Barriers to safe motherhood in Nigeria." (2009)
37 Bankole, Akinrinola, Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas. "Reasons why women have induced abortions: evidence from 27 countries." International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 3 (1998).
38 Bateman, O. Massee, Shelley Smith, and Philip Roark. A comparison of the health effects of water supply and and sanitation in urban and rural areas of five African countries. Washington, DC, USA: Water and Sanitation for Health Project, USAid, 1993.
39 Berthelemy, Jean-Claude, and Juliette Seban. "Equity in Access to Health Services in Developing Countries." Revue d'economie du developpement 23, no. 5 (2009): 9-40.
40 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Marcela Umana-Aponte. "Women. s Labour Supply and Household Insurance in Africa." (2012)
41 Blanc, Ann K, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Monitoring low birth weight: an evaluation of international estimates and an updated estimation procedure." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 3 (2005): 178-185d.
42 Blanc, Ann K, and Ann A Way. "Sexual behavior and contraceptive knowledge and use among adolescents in developing countries." (1998) Studies in Family Planning.
43 Bledsoe, Caroline H, and Barney Cohen. Social dynamics of adolescent fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press, 1993.
44 Block, Steven A, William A Masters, and Priya Bhagowalia. "Child undernutrition, household poverty and national income in developing countries: Quantile regression results." Agricultural & Applied Economics Association 2010: AAEA,CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, USA, July 25-27, 2010.
45 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.
46 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." (2008) Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA.
47 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.
48 Boerma, J. Ties, and George Stroh. "Using survey data to assess neonatal tetanus mortality levels and trends in developing countries." Demography 30, no. 3 (1993): 459-475.
49 Boerma, J.T., K.I. Weinstein, S.O. Rutstein, and A.E. Sommerfelt. "Data on birth weight in developing countries: can surveys help?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 74, no. 2 (1996): 209.
50 Bongaarts, John. "Fertility transitions in developing countries: progress or stagnation?." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 2 (2008): 105-110.
51 Bongaarts, John. "Household size and composition in the developing world in the 1990s." (2001) Population studies.
52 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." (2005) Policy Research Division Working Paper.
53 Bongaarts, John. "The fertility impact of changes in the timing of childbearing in the developing world." Population Studies 53, no. 3 (1999): 277-289.
54 Bongaarts, John, and Zachary Zimmer. "Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: An analysis of DHS household surveys." (2001) Population Council Policy and Research Division.
55 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Measurement and interpretations issues. World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.
56 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Washington, DC: The World Bank.
57 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance: Measurement and interpretation issues." (2000) World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.
58 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.
59 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.
60 Brockerhoff, Martin, and Ellen Brennan. "The poverty of cities in developing regions." Population and Development Review 24, no. 1 (1998): 75-114.
61 Brockerhoff, Martin, and Paul Hewett. "Ethnicity and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa." (1998)
62 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.
63 Buekens, P., A. Tsui, M. Kotelchuck, and J. Degraft-Johnson. "Tetanus immunization and prenatal care in developing countries." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 48, no. 1 (1995): 91-94.
64 Buekens, Pierre. "11 Variations in provision and uptake of antenatal care." Bailliere's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 4, no. 1 (1990): 187-205.
65 Bulatao A, Rodolfo. Key indicators for family planning projects. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 1995.
66 Caldwell, John, and Pat Caldwell. "The beginning of fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa." (1995) POPULATIONS DU SUD.
67 Caldwell, John C, I.O. Orubuloye, and Pat Caldwell. "Fertility decline in Africa: A new type of transition?." (1992) Population and development review.
68 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.
69 Canning, David. "Progress in health around the world." (2010) Human Development Reports Research Paper.
70 Canning, David. "Progress in health around the world." (2011) Program on the Global Demography of Aging Working Paper.
71 Carr, Dara. "Improving the health of the world's poorest people." (2004) Health Bulletin.
72 Chauvet, Lisa, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesple-Somps. "Are Remittances More Effective Than Aid To Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment using Inter and Intra-Country Data." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Cape Town, South Africa, May 16, 2008.
73 Chimah, UC, TO Lawoyin, AL Ilika, and CC Nnebue. "Contraceptive knowledge and practice among senior secondary schools students in military barracks in Nigeria." Nigerian journal of clinical practice 19, no. 2 (2016): 182-188.
74 Chinere-Dan, Orieji. "In search of explanations for fertility and reproductive behaviour in Africa." (1993)
75 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) The Use of Demographic and Health Surveys to Monitor The Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women .
76 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) Monitor the Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women.
77 Cleland, John, Nelson Onuoha, and Ian Timaeus. Fertility change in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of the evidence. 1994.
78 Cleland, John G, Robert P Ndugwa, and Eliya M Zulu. "Family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress or stagnation?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 2 (2010): 137-143.
79 Cohen, Barney. "Fertility levels, differentials, and trends." (1993) Demographic change in sub-Saharan Africa.
80 Cohen, Barney, Carole L Jolly, James N Gribble, Etienne van de Walle, Althea Hill, Ian A Timaeus, John O Oucho, William T Gould, Sharon S Russell, and Michael A Stoto. "Demographic change in Sub-Saharan Africa." (1993)
81 Collumbien, Martine, Makeda Gerressu, and John Cleland. "Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception." (2004) Comparative Quantification of Health Risks.
82 Cornia, Giovanni A, and Leonardo Menchini. "Health improvements and health inequality during the last 40 years." (2006) Research Paper No. 2006/10 .
83 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.
84 Deininger, Klaus, and Paul Mpuga. "Economic and welfare effects of the abolition of health user fees: evidence from Uganda." World Bank policy research working paper , no. 3276 (2004).
85 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.
86 Diallo, Amadou B, and Quentin Wodon. "Demographic transition towards smaller household sizes and basic infrastructure needs in developing countries." Economics Bulletin 15, no. 11 (2007): 1-11.
87 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.
88 Doskoch, Peter. "Contraceptive use is rising faster in Eastern than Western Africa." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 1 (2011): 49-50.
89 Drabo, Alassane, and Christian Ebeke. "Remittances, public health spending and foreign aid in the access to health care services in developing countries." (2011) Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI-CNRS).
90 Dudwick, Nora, Katy Hull, Roy Katayama, Forhad Shilpi, and Kenneth Simler. From farm to firm: Rural-urban transition in developing countries. Washington DC, USA: World Bank, 2011.
91 Eastwood, Robert, and Michael Lipton. "Demographic transition in Sub Saharan Africa: accounting and economics." Fourth annual conference on Population, Reproductive Health, and Economic Development. Cape Town, South Africa, 2010.
92 Ergo, Alex, Davidson R Gwatkin, and Meera Shekar. "What difference do the new WHO Child Growth Standards make for the prevalence and socioeconomic distribution of undernutrition?." Food & Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 1 (2009): 3-15.
93 Ericksen, Karen, and Tracy Brunette. "Patterns and predictors of infertility among African women: A cross-national survey of twenty-seven nations." Social Science & Medicine 42, no. 2 (1996): 209-220.
94 Ewbank, Douglas C, and James N Gribble. Effects of health programs on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press, 1993.
95 Ezzati, Majid, Alan D Lopez, Anthonry Rodgers, and Christopher L Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.
96 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.
97 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
98 Filmer, Deon, and Lant Pritchett. "The Effect of Household Wealth on Educational Attainment: Demographic and Health Survey Evidence." (1998) Policy Research Working Paper.
99 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.
100 Finlay, Jocelyn E, Emre Ozaltin, and David Canning. "The association of maternal age with infant mortality, child anthropometric failure, diarrhoea and anaemia for first births: evidence from 55 low-and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 1, no. 2 (2011).
101 Fjelde, Hanna, and Gudrun Ostby. "Economic inequality and non-state conflicts in Africa." APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper . Washington, DC, 2010.
102 Folasade B, Iyun. "Environmental factors, situation of women and child mortality in southwestern Nigeria." Social science & medicine 51, no. 10 (2000): 1473-1489.
103 Foote, Karen A, Ken Hill, and Linda G Martin. Demographic change in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington,D.C.: National Academies Press, 1993.
104 Foote, Karen A, Kenneth H Hill, and Linda G Martin. Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC, USA: National Academy Press, 1993.
105 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.
106 Foster, Geoff. "Safety nets for children affected by HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa." (2004) A generation at risk? HIV/AIDS, vulnerable children and security in Southern Africa.
107 Fotso, Jean-Christophe, and others. "Urban-rural differentials in child malnutrition: trends and socioeconomic correlates in sub-Saharan Africa." (2006) Health & Place.
108 Fotso, Jean C, James O Ajayi, Elizabeth E Idoko, Ilene Speizer, David A Fasiku, Blessing Mberu, and Michael Mutua. "Family planning and reproductive health in urban Nigeria: Levels, trends and differentials." (2011) Measurement, Learning & Evaluation Project for the Urban Reproductive Health Initiative.
109 Friedman, Jed, and Norbert Schady. "How many more infants are likely to die In Africa as a result of the global financial crisis?." Research Working papers 1, no. 1 (2009): 1-18.
110 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods And Empiricism." (2003) Measuring Total Health Inequality: Adding Individual Variations to Group Differences.
111 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Measuring total health inequality: adding individual variation to group-level differences." International Journal for Equity in Health 1, no. 3 (2002).
112 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.
113 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "An individual-level approach to health inequality: child survival in 50 countries." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series.
114 Garenne, Michel. "Age at marriage and modernisation in sub-Saharan Africa." Southern African Journal of Demography 9, no. 2 (2004): 59-79.
115 Garenne, Michel. "Migration, urbanisation and child health in Africa: a global perspective." Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective. Johannesburg, South Africa, June 4-7, 2003.
116 Garenne, Michel. "Poisson variations of the sex ratio at birth in African Demographic Surveys." Human Biology 80, no. 5 (2008): 473-482.
117 Garenne, Michel. "Sex differences in health indicators among children in African DHS surveys." (2003) Journal of Biosocial Science.
118 Garenne, Michel, and Julien Zwang. "Premarital fertility and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Reproductive Health 12, no. 2 (2008): 64-74.
119 Garenne, Michel, and Veronique Joseph. "The timing of the fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 30, no. 10 (2002): 1835-1843.
120 Garenne L, Michel. "Testing for fertility stalls in demographic and health surveys." Population Health Metrics 9, no. 59 (2011): 18.
121 Garenne M, Michel. "Fertility changes in sub-Saharan Africa." (2008) DHS Comparative Reports.
122 Go, Delfin, Denis Nikitin, Xiongjian Wang, and Heng-fu Zou. "Poverty and inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: Literature survey and empirical assessment." Annals of Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (2007): 251-304.
123 Grigoriou, Christopher, and Patrick Guillaumont. "Child mortality reacts to relative prices." (2011) CERDI Etudes et Documents.
124 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
125 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population in the Central African Republic. : HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank, 2000.
126 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in India." (2000) HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank.
127 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson, Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 4 (2007).
128 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo Yazbeck. Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services: what works, what doesn't, and why. : World Bank Publications, 2005.
129 Hanson, Kara, and Peter A Berman. Non-government financing and provision of health services in Africa: A background paper. : Data for Decision Making Project, Dept. of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 1994.
130 Hatløy, Anne, and Arne Oshaug. "Human milk an invisible food resource." (1997) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division.
131 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.
132 Henshaw, S.K., I.F. Adewole, S. Singh, A. Bankole, B.A. Oye-Adeniran, R. Hussain, and G. Sedgh. "Characteristics of women seeking abortion services and post-abortion care in Nigerian hospitals." XXV International Population Conference of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Tours, France, 2005.
133 Hilber, Adriane M, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Christian Schindler, Lise Beck, Florence Sécula, Oran McKenzie, Sara Gari, Christina Stuckli, and Sonja Merten. Gender and immunisation. Basel, Switzerland: Swiss Centre for International Health, 2010.
134 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.
135 Hopstock, Paul, Ann Sherpick, and Carla Briceno. Providers and consumers of commercial family planning services in developing countries. Arlington, USA: The PROFIT Project, 1997.
136 Houweling, Tanja A, Carine Ronsmans, Oona M Campbell, and Anton E Kunst. "Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 745-754.
137 Huffman, Sandra, Elizabeth Zehner, Philip Harvey, Luan Martin, Ellen Piwoz, Kindal Ndure, Cheryl Combest, Robert Mwadime, and Victoria Quinn. Essential health sector actions to improve Maternal Nutrition in Africa. Washington, DC: Regional Centre for Quality of Healthcare, Makerere University and LINKAGES, 2001.
138 Hussein A, Shereen. "An exploration of nuptiality patterns in Egypt and the Maghreb countries." University of London, 2002.
139 Ibeanu, V.N. "Nutrient intake of children (36months) fed fermented foods in urban and rural communities in Anambra and Enugu States, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension 5, no. 2 (2007).
140 Ihejiamaizu C, Emmanuel. "Adolescent fertility behaviour in Nigeria: Trends and determinants." XVIV General Population conference. Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
141 Jamison, Dean T, Richard G Feachem, Malegapuru W Makgoba, Eduard R Bos, Florence K Baingana, Karen J Hofman, and Khama O Rogo. Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: World Bank Publications, 2006.
142 Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem. "AIDS, reversal of the demographic transition and economic development: evidence from Africa." (2006) NBER Working Papers.
143 Kalipeni, Ezekiel. "The fertility transition in Africa." Geographical Review 85, no. 3 (1995): 286-300.
144 Kettani, Houssain. "Muslim population in Asia: 1950-2020." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 1, no. 2 (2010).
145 Kishor, Sunita, and Katherine Neitzel. "Women and Families: Evolution of the Status of Women as o Factor ond Consequences of Changes in Fomily Dynamics." (1997) 20. Examining women’s status using core demographic and health survey data.
146 Kosec, Katrina. "Child health implications of water sector policies in Africa." (2009)
147 Kosec, Katrina. "The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africa's Urban Water Supply." (2012)
148 Kosec, Katrina. The Child Health Implications of Privatizing the Urban Water Supply in Africa. : Standford University, 2011.
149 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.
150 Kudamatsu, Masayuki. "Has Democratization Reduced Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Micro Data." (2007) Stockholm University - Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES).
151 Kurosaki, Takashi, and Mika Ueyama. "Micro household surveys and development microeconomics: With special emphasis on child health and intrahousehold resource allocation in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia." JIRCAS International Workshop. Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-13, 2001.
152 Larsen, Ulia. "Differentials in infertility in Cameroon and Nigeria." Population Studies 49, no. 2 (1995): 329-346.
153 Larsen, Ulia. "Trends in infertility in Cameroon and Nigeria." (1995) International Family Planning Perspectives.
154 Larsen, Ulla. "Primary and secondary infertility in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Epidemiology 29, no. 2 (2000): 285-291.
155 Larsen, Ulla. "Sterility in sub-Saharan Africa." Population Studies: A Journal of Demography 48, no. 3 (1994): 459-474.
156 Lauro, Don. "Abortion and contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: How women plan their families." African Journal of Reproductive Health 15, no. 1 (2011): 13-24.
157 Legg, Christopher. "A spatial analysis of child nutrition in West Africa." (2008)
158 Leipziger, Danny, Marianne Fay, Quentin Wodon, and Tito Yepes. "Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The role of infrastructure." (2003) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
159 Lesthaeghe, R, and C Vanderhoeft. "Ready, willing and able: A conceptualization of transitions to new behavioral forms." (2001) DIFFUSION PROCESSES FERTILITY TRANSITION.
160 Lewin, Keith M, and Ricardo Sabates. Changing patterns of access to education in Anglophone and Francophone countries in Sub Saharan Africa: Is education for all pro-poor?: Create Pathways to Access research monograph No. 52. Falmer, UK: Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity, 2011.
161 Locoh, Therese. "Completing the fertility transition." (2009) Family structure and fertility trends in intermediate-fertility countries in West Africa.
162 Locoh, Therese, and Myriam Mouvagha-Sow. "An uncertain future for African families." (2007) International Family Change: Ideational Perspectives.
163 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).
164 Lutz, Wolfgang, Warren C Sanderson, Sergei Scherbov, Brian C O'Neill, Anne Goujon, Paulina K Makinwa-Abedsoye, Georges Reniers, Gui-Ying Cao, and F Landis MacKellar. "The end of world population growth in the 21st century: new challenges for human capital formation and sustainable development." (2004)
165 MacDonald H, Theodore. Health, trade and human rights. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2006.
166 MacDonald H, Theodore. Third world health: Hostage to first world health. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2005.
167 Machiyama, Kazuyo. "A re-examination of recent fertility declines in sub-Saharan Africa." (2010) DHS Working Papers.
168 Machiyama, Kazuyo, Richard Silverwood, Andy Sloggett, and John Cleland. "Recent fertility declines in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of country trends of fertility decline." 2010 Quetelet Seminar. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 24-26, 2010.
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