Family Health Survey 1996

Nepal, 1996

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NPL_1996_DHS_v01_M

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Ministry of Health/New ERA

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The data from this study are used in the following publications:

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1 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.

2 AbouZahr, Carla, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Maternal mortality at the end of a decade: Signs of progress?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 6 (2001): 561-568.

3 AbouZahr, Carla, Tessa M Wardlaw, Kenneth Hill, and Yoonjoung Choi. Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2004.

4 Acharya B, Laxmi. "Determinants of fertility in the 1970s and 1990s in Nepal." (1998) Contribution to Nepalese Studies.

5 Ailuogwemhe, Job, Ruma Rajbhandari, Eirini Illiaki, Manuela Villar, and Megan Dieterich. Tackling shortages of health care workers in rural Nepal: “Train to retain”. : Online, 2005.

6 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.

7 ARE,. World population monitoring 2002: Reproductive rights and reproductive health. New York, USA: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division , 2004.

8 Baidya, Bal Gopal, Madhup Dhungana, and Rojee Kattel. The linkages between women's employment, family welfare and child labour in Nepal. 2003.

9 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

10 Balarajan, Yarlini, and Eduardo Villamor. "Nationally representative surveys show recent increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh, Nepal, and India." The Journal of nutrition 139, no. 11 (2009): 2139.

11 Ban, Bharat, Sujan Karki, Ashoke Shrestha, and Stephen Hodgins. "Spousal separation and interpretation of contraceptive use and unmet need in rural Nepal." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 38, no. 1 (2012): 43-47.

12 Ban, Bharat, S Tuladhar, S Pant, and B K Suvedi. "Review of health and health service improvements in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 10, no. 21 (2012): 76-81.

13 Berthelemy, Jean-Claude, and Juliette Seban. "Equity in Access to Health Services in Developing Countries." Revue d'economie du developpement 23, no. 5 (2009): 9-40.

14 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.

15 Bhandari, A, M Gordon, and G Shakya. "Reducing maternal mortality in Nepal." (2011) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

16 Bhandari R, Tulsi. "Maternal and child health situation in South East Asia." Nepal Journal Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, no. 13 (2012): 5-10.

17 Blanc K, Ann. "The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence." Studies in Family Planning 32, no. 3 (2001): 189-213.

18 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.

19 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." (2008) Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA.

20 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.

21 Bongaarts, John. "Fertility transitions in developing countries: progress or stagnation?." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 2 (2008): 105-110.

22 Bongaarts, John. "Household size and composition in the developing world in the 1990s." (2001) Population studies.

23 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." (2005) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

24 Bongaarts, John. "The fertility impact of changes in the timing of childbearing in the developing world." Population Studies 53, no. 3 (1999): 277-289.

25 Bongaarts, John, and Zachary Zimmer. "Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: An analysis of DHS household surveys." (2001) Population Council Policy and Research Division.

26 Bornemisza, Olga, and Francesco Checchi. Health interventions in crisis-affected communities of Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Emergency and Humanitarian Action Programme, WHO, 2006.

27 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.

28 Bruce, Judith, and Erica Chong. The diverse universe of adolescents, and the girls and boys left behind: A note on research, program and policy priorities (Background paper to Public choices, private decisions: Sexual and reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals). New York, USA: UN Millennium Project, 2006.

29 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.

30 Carr, Dara. "Improving the health of the world's poorest people." (2004) Health Bulletin.

31 Chaudhury H, Rafiqul. "Unmet need for contraception in South Asia: levels, trends and determinants." Asia Pacific Population Journal 16, no. 3 (2001): 3-22.

32 Chauvet, Lisa, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesple-Somps. "Are Remittances More Effective Than Aid To Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment using Inter and Intra-Country Data." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Cape Town, South Africa, May 16, 2008.

33 Choulagai, Bishnu P, Umesh Raj Aryal, Binjwala Shrestha, Abhinav Vaidya, Sharad Onta, Max Petzold, and Alexandra Krettek. "Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site, Nepal: 2012 follow-up survey and use of skilled birth attendants." (2015) Global health action.

34 Christian, Parul. "Nutrition and Maternal Survival in Developing Countries." (2008) Handbook of Nutrition and Pregnancy.

35 Collumbien, Martine, Makeda Gerressu, and John Cleland. "Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception." (2004) Comparative Quantification of Health Risks.

36 Collumbien, Martine, Ian M Timaeus, and Laxmi Acharya. "The onset of fertility decline in Nepal: a reinterpretation." (1997) Centre for Population Studies Research Paper.

37 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.

38 Corsi, Daniel J, Jocelyn E Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Global burden of double malnutrition: Has anyone seen it?." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2512.

39 De Walque, Damien, and Deon Filmer. "Trends and socioeconomic gradients in adult mortality around the developing world." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5716.

40 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.

41 Diallo, Amadou B, and Quentin Wodon. "Demographic transition towards smaller household sizes and basic infrastructure needs in developing countries." Economics Bulletin 15, no. 11 (2007): 1-11.

42 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.

43 Drabo, Alassane, and Christian Ebeke. "Remittances, public health spending and foreign aid in the access to health care services in developing countries." (2011) Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI-CNRS).

44 Dudwick, Nora, Katy Hull, Roy Katayama, Forhad Shilpi, and Kenneth Simler. From farm to firm: Rural-urban transition in developing countries. Washington DC, USA: World Bank, 2011.

45 Ezzati, Majid, Alan D Lopez, Anthonry Rodgers, and Christopher L Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.

46 Filmer, Deon. "The structure of social disparities in education: gender and wealth." (1999) The World Bank Development Research Group/ Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.

47 Filmer, Deon. "The Structure of Social Disparities in Enducation: Gender and Wealth." (2000)

48 Filmer, Deon, and Lant Pritchett. "The effect of household wealth on educational attainment: evidence from 35 countries." Population and Development Review 25, no. 1 (1999): 85-120.

49 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.

50 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

51 Filmer, Deon, Elizabeth M King, and Lant Pritchett. Gender disparity in South Asia: comparisons between and within countries. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, Development Research Group, Poverty and Human Resources, 1998.

52 Filmer, Deon, and Lant Pritchett. "The Effect of Household Wealth on Educational Attainment: Demographic and Health Survey Evidence." (1998) Policy Research Working Paper.

53 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.

54 Foreit G, Karen. "Use of commercial and government sources of family planning and maternal and child health care." (1999) Policy Project Working Paper Series.

55 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.

56 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods And Empiricism." (2003) Measuring Total Health Inequality: Adding Individual Variations to Group Differences.

57 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Measuring total health inequality: adding individual variation to group-level differences." International Journal for Equity in Health 1, no. 3 (2002).

58 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.

59 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "An individual-level approach to health inequality: child survival in 50 countries." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series.

60 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Death by survey: estimating adult mortality without selection bias from sibling survival data." Demography 43, no. 3 (2006): 569-585.

61 Garrett, James L, and Marie T Ruel. "Stunted child-overweight mother pairs: An emerging policy concern." (2003) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper, International Food Policy Research Institute.

62 Gordon, David, Michelle Irving, Shailen Nandy, and Peter Townsend. "Multidimensional measures of child poverty." (2005) Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research Draft Conference Paper.

63 Gubhaju, Bina. "The differential impact of wives’ and husbands’ education on contraceptive method choice in Nepal, 1996-2006." (2008) DHS Working Papers.

64 Gubhaju, Bina. "The influence of wives' and husbands' education levels on contraceptive method choice in Nepal, 1996-2006." International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 35, no. 4 (2009): 176-185.

65 Gubhaju B, Bhakta. "Adolescent reproductive health in Asia." Asia Pacific Population Journal 17, no. 4 (2002): 97-119.

66 Guggenheim, Cordelia B, Melinda F Davis, and Aurelio J Figueredo. "Sons Or Daughters: A Cross-Cultural Study of Sex Ratio Biasing And Differential Parental Investment." Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 39, no. 3 (2007): 73-90.

67 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

68 Gurung, Gagan. "Practices on immediate care of newborn in the communities of Kailali district." Nepal Medical College Journal 10, no. 1 (2008): 41-44.

69 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population in the Central African Republic. : HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank, 2000.

70 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in India." (2000) HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank.

71 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson, Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 4 (2007).

72 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo Yazbeck. Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services: what works, what doesn't, and why. : World Bank Publications, 2005.

73 Halim, Nafisa, Alok K Bohara, and Xiaomin Ruan. "Healthy mothers, healthy children: does maternal demand for antenatal care matter for child health in Nepal?." Health Policy and Planning 26, no. 3 (2011): 242-256.

74 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

75 Hatlebakk, Magnus. Malnutrition in South-Asia: poverty, diet or lack of female empowerment?. Bergen, Norway: Chr Michelsen Institute (CMI), 2012.

76 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.

77 Hewett, Paul C, and Mark R Montgomery. "Poverty and public services in developing-country cities." (2001) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

78 Hill, Kenneth, Carla AbouZahr, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Estimates of maternal mortality for 1995." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 3 (2001): 182-193.

79 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.

80 Hopstock, Paul, Ann Sherpick, and Carla Briceno. Providers and consumers of commercial family planning services in developing countries. Arlington, USA: The PROFIT Project, 1997.

81 Houweling, Tanja A, Carine Ronsmans, Oona M Campbell, and Anton E Kunst. "Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 745-754.

82 Hussein, Julia, Jaqueline Bell, Maureen Dar Iang, Natasha Mesko, Jenny Amery, and Wendy Graham. "An appraisal of the maternal mortality decline in Nepal." PloS one 6, no. 5 (2011): e1989.

83 Jensen, Eric R, and Dennis A Ahlburg. A multicountry analysis of the impact of unwantedness and number of children on child health and preventive and curative care. Washington, DC, USA: The Policy Project, 1999.

84 Jones-Smith, J. C, P. Gordon-Larsen, A. Siddiqi, and B. M Popkin. "Is the burden of overweight shifting to the poor across the globe? Time trends among women in 39 low-and middle-income countries (1991-2008)." International Journal of Obesity 36, no. 8 (2011): 1114-1120.

85 Jones-Smith, Jessica C, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Arjumand Siddiqi, and Barry M Popkin. "Cross-national comparisons of time trends in overweight inequality by socioeconomic status among women using repeated cross-sectional surveys from 37 developing countries, 1989-2007." American journal of epidemiology 173, no. 6 (2011): 667.

86 Karki B, Yagya. "Population monograph of Nepal." (2003) Chapter 12: Fertility levels, patterns and trends in Nepal.

87 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.

88 Kurosaki, Takashi, and Mika Ueyama. "Micro household surveys and development microeconomics: With special emphasis on child health and intrahousehold resource allocation in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia." JIRCAS International Workshop. Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-13, 2001.

89 Lauer, Jeremy A, Ana P Betrán, Cesar G Victora, Mercedes de Onis, and Aluísio J Barros. "Breastfeeding patterns and exposure to suboptimal breastfeeding among children in developing countries: review and analysis of nationally representative surveys." BMC medicine 2, no. 1 (2004): 26.

90 Leipziger, Danny, Marianne Fay, Quentin Wodon, and Tito Yepes. "Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The role of infrastructure." (2003) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

91 Leone, Tiziana, Zoe Matthews, and Gianpiero D Zuanna. "Impact and determinants of sex preference in Nepal." International family planning perspectives 29, no. 2 (2003): 69-75.

92 Lindquist, Katharine. Horizontal educational inequalities and civil conflict: The nexus of ethnicity, inequality, and violent conflict. : Carleton College, 2011.

93 Liu, Li, Qingfeng Li, Rose A Lee, Ingrid K Friberg, Jamie Perin, Neff Walker, and Robert E Black. "Trends in causes of death among children under 5 in Bangladesh, 1993-2004: an exercise applying a standardized computer algorithm to assign causes of death using verbal autopsy data." Population Health Metrics 9, no. 43 (2011).

94 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).

95 Lutz, Wolfgang, Warren C Sanderson, Sergei Scherbov, Brian C O'Neill, Anne Goujon, Paulina K Makinwa-Abedsoye, Georges Reniers, Gui-Ying Cao, and F Landis MacKellar. "The end of world population growth in the 21st century: new challenges for human capital formation and sustainable development." (2004)

96 MacDonald H, Theodore. Health, trade and human rights. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2006.

97 MacDonald H, Theodore. Third world health: Hostage to first world health. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2005.

98 Marcotullio, Peter J, and Gordon McGranahan. Scaling urban environmental challenges: From local to global and back. : Earthscan/James \& James, 2007.

99 Martorell, R, L K Khan, M L Hughes, and L M Grummer-Strawn. "Obesity in women from developing countries." European journal of clinical nutrition 54, no. 3 (2000): 247-252.

100 Mason, J B, M Deitchler, A Gilman, K Gillenwater, M Shuaib, D Hotchkiss, K Mason, N Mock, and K Sethuraman. "Iodine fortification is related to increased weight-for-age and birthweight in children in Asia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23, no. 3 (2002): 292.

101 Mathers, Colin D, Christina Bernard, Kim M Iburg, Mie Inoue, Doris Ma Fat, Kenji Shibuya, Claudia Stein, Niels Tomijima, and Hongyi Xu. "Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results." (2003) Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper.

102 Mathur, Sanyuka, Margaret Greene, and Anju Malhotra. Too young to wed: The lives, rights, and health of young married girls. : International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 2003.

103 Matsumura, Masaki, and Bina Gubhaju. "Women's status, household structure and the utilization of maternal health services in Nepal." Asia-Pacific Population Journal 16, no. 1 (2001): 23-44.

104 Meheus, F., and E. Van Doorslaer. "Achieving better measles immunization in developing countries: does higher coverage imply lower inequality?." Social Science & Medicine 66, no. 8 (2008): 1709-1718.

105 Menchini, Leonardo, and Giovanni Cornia. "The pace and distribution of health improvements during the last 40 years: some preliminary results." (2004) Centro Studi Luca D'Agliano Development Studies Working Papers.

106 Menon, Nidhiya, and Yana van der Meulen Rodgers. "War and women's work: evidence from the conflict in Nepal." (2011) World Bank Policy Research Working Papers.

107 MENSCH, Barbara S, Judith BRUCE, and Margaret E GREENE. "The Unchartered Passage: Girls' Adolescence in the Developing World." (1998) Population Council.

108 Monteiro, Carlos A, Erly C Moura, Wolney L Conde, and Barry M Popkin. "Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82, no. 12 (2004): 940-946.

109 Montgomery, Mark R, and Paul C Hewett. "Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects." Demography 42, no. 3 (2005): 397-425.

110 Moser, Kath, Chris Frost, and David A Leon. "Comparing health inequalities across time and place—rate ratios and rate differences lead to different conclusions: analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries 1991-2001." International journal of epidemiology 36, no. 6 (2007): 1285-1291.

111 Nestel, Penelope, and Shea Rutstein. "Defining nutritional status of women in developing countries." Public health nutrition 5, no. 01 (2002): 17-27.

112 Neuman, Melissa, Jocelyn E Finlay, George D Smith, and SV Subramanian. "The poor stay thinner: stable socioeconomic gradients in BMI among women in lower-and middle-income countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 94, no. 5 (2011): 1348-1357.

113 Neuman, Melissa, Ichiro Kawachi, Steven Gortmaker, and S.V. Subramanian. "Urban-rural differences in BMI in low-and middle-income countries: the role of socioeconomic status." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97, no. 2 (2013): 428-436.

114 Nosseir, Nazek. Family in the new millennium: major trends affecting families in North Africa. : United Nations, 2003.

115 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.

116 Ostby, Gudrun. Do horizontal inequalities matter for civil conflict?. Oslo, Norway : International Peace Research Institute, 2004.

117 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." (2006) Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper.

118 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries, 1986-2003." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

119 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.

120 Ozaltin, Emre, Kenneth Hill, and S V Subramanian. "Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low-to middle-income countries." JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 303, no. 15 (2010): 1507-1516.

121 Pachauri, Saroj, and K G Santhya. "Reproductive choices for Asian adolescents: a focus on contraceptive behavior." International Family Planning Perspectives 28, no. 4 (2002): 186-195.

122 Pahari P, Durga. "Chronological summary of Nepal’s efforts in nutrition." Health Prospect 10, no. 0 (2012): 91-94.

123 Pelletier, David L, and Edward A Frongillo. "Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries." The Journal of nutrition 133, no. 1 (2003): 107.

124 Prasai, Yogendra, Beth Temple, and Alison Morgan. Developing an investment case for financing equitable progress towards MDGs 4 and 5 in the Asia Pacific region phase 1: data mapping. 2009.

125 Prennushi, Giovanna. "Nepal: Poverty at the turn of the twenty-first century." (1999) South Asia Region Internal Discussion Paper.

126 Pullum W, Thomas. "An assessment of the quality of data on health and nutrition in the DHS Surveys, 1993-2003." (2008) DHS Methodological Reports.

127 Putney, Pamela. The Nepal safe motherhood network. Bethesda, MD, USA: Partnerships for Health Reform, 2000.

128 Rai, Shiba K, Kazuko Hirai, Ayako Abe, and Yoshimi Ohno. "Infectious diseases and malnutrition status in Nepal: An overview." Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 8, no. 2 (2002): 191-200.

129 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

130 Rajbhandari, Swaraj, Stephen Hodgins, Harshad Sanghvi, Robert McPherson, Yasho V Pradhan, Abdullah H Baqui, and Misoprostol Study Group. "Expanding uterotonic protection following childbirth through community-based distribution of misoprostol: operations research study in Nepal." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 108, no. 3 (2010): 282-288.

131 Rani, Manju, and Elizabeth Lule. "Exploring the socioeconomic dimension of adolescent reproductive health: a multicountry analysis." (2004) International Family Planning Perspectives.

132 Regmi, Gokarna, and Bishnu Dass Singh Dangol. "Population monograph of Nepal." (2003) Chapter 13: Levels and patterns of mortality.

133 Retherford, Robert D, and Shyam Thapa. "Fertility trends in Nepal, 1977-1995." (1998) Contributions to Nepalese Studies.

134 Robinson, Warren C, and John A Ross. The Global Family Planning Revolution: Three Decades of Population Policies and Programs. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2007.

135 Rosen E, James. "Adolescent health and development (AHD): A resource guide for World Bank Operations Staff and government counterparts." (2004) HNP Discussion Paper.

136 Ross, John A, and William L Winfrey. "Contraceptive use, intention to use and unmet need during the extended postpartum period." International family planning perspectives 27, no. 1 (2001): 20-27.

137 Ross, John A, and William L Winfrey. "Unmet need for contraception in the developing world and the former Soviet Union: an updated estimate." International family planning perspectives 28, no. 3 (2002): 138-143.

138 Rutstein, S.O. "Effects of preceding birth intervals on neonatal, infant and under-five years mortality and nutritional status in developing countries: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." (2005) International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.

139 Sahn, David E, and David C Stifel. "Robust comparisons of malnutrition in developing countries." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 84, no. 3 (2002): 716-735.

140 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Improvements in children’s health: Does inequality matter?." SAGA Working Paper 3, no. 2 (2005): 125-143.

141 Sathian, Brijesh, Jayadevan Sreedharan, Nishida Chandrasekharan, Ankush Mittal, and Indrajit Banerjee. "Hormonal contraception In Nepal: a necessary enquiry." WebmedCentral Obstetrics and Gynaecology 3, no. 6 (2012).

142 Schady, Norbert, and Marc F Smitz. Aggregate economic shocks and infant mortality: New evidence for middle-income countries. Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank, 2009.

143 Shapiro, David, Amanda Kreider, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. "Stalling of fertility transitions and socioeconomic change in the developing world: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." 36th Chaire Quetelet, Annual Symposium in Demography. Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, November, 2010.

144 Slack T, Alison. Food and nutrition security data on the World Wide Web. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1999.

145 Smith, Lisa, Marie Ruel, and Aida Ndiaye. "Why is child malnutrition lower in urban than rural areas? Evidence from 36 developing countries." (2004) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, Discussion Paper.

146 Smith, Lisa C, and Elizabeth M Byron. "Is greater decisionmaking power of women associated with reduced gender discrimination in South Asia?." (2005) FCND discussion papers.

147 Smith, Lisa C, Usha Ramakrishnan, Aida Ndiaye, Lawrence Haddad, and Reynaldo Martorell. The importance of women's status for child nutrition in developing countries. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2003.

148 Smits, Jeroen, and Christiaan Monden. "Twinning across the developing world." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2523.

149 Stewart, Frances, Graham Brown, and Luca Mancini. "Monitoring and Measuring Horizontal Inequalities." (2010)

150 Stone, Nicole, Roger Ingham, and Padam Simkhada. "Knowledge of sexual health issues among unmarried young people in Nepal." Asia-Pacific Population Journal 18, no. 2 (2003): 33-54.

151 Stover, John, and John Ross. "How increased contraceptive use has reduced maternal mortality." Maternal and child health journal 14, no. 5 (2010): 687-695.

152 Sugden, Craig. "Is Growth in Asia and the Pacific Inclusive?." (2012) ADB Economics Working Paper Series.

153 Sullivan M, Jeremiah. "An assessment of the credibility of child mortality declines estimated from DHS mortality rates." (2008) UNICEF (report draft).

154 Sutherland, Elizabeth G, Conrad Otterness, and Barbara Janowitz. "What happens to contraceptive use after injectables are introduced? An analysis of 13 countries." International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 37, no. 4 (2011): 202-208.

155 Suzuki, Emi, Mona Sharan, and Eduard Bos. Poverty and health monitoring report. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank Human Development Network, Health, Nutrition & Population (HNP), 2012.

156 Symons, Xavier. "The scary advance of gendercide in Nepal." (2015)

157 Thapa, Rita. "A commentary on declining maternal mortality in Nepal." Health Renaissance 9, no. 1 (2011): 1-2.

158 Thapa, S, and M Friedman. "Female sterilization in Nepal: a comparison of two types of service delivery." International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 2 (1998): 78-83.

159 Thapa, Shyam. "Declining trends of infant, child and under-five mortality in Nepal." Journal of tropical pediatrics 54, no. 4 (2008): 265-268.

160 Tsai C, Thomas. "Public health and peace building in Nepal." The Lancet 374, no. 9689 (2009): 515-516.

161 Vainio, Harri, and Franca Bianchini. Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention: international evaluation of the evidence.. France: World Health Organization, 2002.

162 Valente, Christine. "Children of the revolution: Fetal and child health amidst violent civil conflict." (2011) Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series .

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