Population and Housing Census 1991 - IPUMS Subset
Malaysia, 1991
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MYS_1991_PHC_v01_M_v02_A_IPUMS
Population and Housing Census 1991 - IPUMS Subset
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Malaysia | MYS |
Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]
IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.
The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Dwelling
UNITS IDENTIFIED:
- Dwellings: Yes
- Vacant units: No
- Households: Yes
- Individuals: Yes
- Group quarters: Yes
UNIT DESCRIPTIONS:
- Dwellings: Living quarters have been defined for census purposes as places of abode, which are structurally separate and independent. The terms separate and independent mean the following: Separate: A structure is considered separate if it is surrounded by walls, fence, etc., and is covered by roof. Independent: A structure is said to be independent if it has direct access via a public staircase, communal passageway or landing (that is, occupants can come in or go out of their living quarters without passing through someone else?s premises). In general, living quarters can be classified into two categories, that is: (i) Built or converted for living (e.g. house, flat, apartment, shophouse, makeshift hut, hotel, hostels, etc.) (ii) Not meant for living but used for this purpose on Census Day (e.g. in a building such as office, shop, barn, community hall, etc.) Living quarters built or converted for living can be further classified into housing units and collective living quarters. Housing units are classified into six main types, namely: House; Flat/apartment/condominium; Shop house, office; Room (with direct access to the outside); improvised/temporary hut; and others. House can be further classified into Detached house; and Semi-detached house.
- Households: A household is made up of persons who may be related and/or persons unrelated who usually live together and make common provision for food and other essentials of living. -This group makes provision for food from part of their pooled resources and makes the same preparation for other basic need. -A household can comprise several members or may be a single member only. -Persons in a household may be related or a combination fo both. -Each living quarters is normally coccupied by a househod. However, sometimes a livng quarters may be occupied by more than one househod. This situation normally occurs in urban areas where households are forced to share a living quarters because of the shortage of accommodation.
- Group quarters: Living quarters which is built or converted for living (e.g. house, flat, apartment, shophouse, makeshift hut, hotel, hostels, etc.).
Version
Version 6.4. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database.
In v6.4, the research team continued to carry out improvements to geography, providing harmonized geographic units for the second administrative level for roughly half the countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available <a href='https://international.ipums.org/international/geography_variables.shtml'>here</a>. Also, approximately 100 integrated variables were renamed. Affected variables with their current and previous names are listed <a href='https://international.ipums.org/international/resources/misc_docs/renamed_variables_sept2015.pdf'>here</a>. Geography variable also underwent wholesale renaming.
In this update, IPUMS added 19 new samples for Armenia, Austria, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Mozambique, Paraguay, Portugal, Puerto Rico, South Africa, and Spain. Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Paraguay were newly added countries to IPUMS. Samples for other countries extend pre-existing series for those countries.
2016-04-25
Scope
UNITS IDENTIFIED:
- Dwellings: Yes
- Vacant units: No
- Households: Yes
- Group quarters: Yes
- Special populations: No
UNIT DESCRIPTIONS:
- Group quarters: Living quarters which is built or converted for living (e.g. house, flat, apartment, shophouse, makeshift hut, hotel, hostels, etc.).
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Technical Person Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Demographic Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Education Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Migration Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Disability Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Geography: M-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
Coverage
National coverage
Districts with 20,000+ population
In the 1991 Population and Housing Census, all persons including foreigners who were in Malaysia on Census Day were enumerated. Generally, the majority of people were found in their respective homes on August 14, 1991 and were enumerated under the normal enumeration procedures. However, a minority of the population did not fall in the above category and for the persons, special enumeration arrangements were made. The groups referred to were: (a) Guests staying in hotels, lodging houses, rest-houses, etc; (b) Persons staying in institutional living quarters such as educational, medical, charitable, religious and social welfare institutions, etc; (c) Persons in prison, detention centers and lock-ups; (d) Personnel in army/police camps and those on military patrol; (e) Orang Asli (Aborigines) in Peninsular Malaysia; (f) Wayfarers, homeless people and persons away at sea; (g) Foreign military, naval and diplomatic personnel and their families. All persons in this category were enumerated in the census with the exception of persons with diplomatic immunity who wished to be excluded.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Department of Statistics Malaysia | |
| Minnesota Population Center | University of Minnesota |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Minnesota Population Center | University of Minnesota | Harmonization of datasets |
Sampling
MICRODATA SOURCE: Department of Statistics Malaysia
SAMPLE DESIGN: With 2 per cent as the sampling fraction, or a sample interval of 50, the sample was selected using the living quarters serial number starting from 1, 51, 101, 151, 201 ??. N.
SAMPLE UNIT: household
SAMPLE FRACTION: 2%
SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 347,892
UNDERCOUNT: 100%
Self-weighting Expansion factor = 50.
Survey instrument
Four types of forms were used in the 1991 Census. Document 1: Listing Book which identified the Enumeration Block and list all living quarters in each block. Document 2: The main census form which required the filling in of particulars on all listed living quarters, household and person. Document 2a: Person Form. This document was used if a household contained more than seven members. Document 3: Self-enumeration Form for Living Quarters/ Household. Document 3a: Self-enumeration Person Form. Document 4: Listing Card which assigned a control number to the living quarters.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1991-08-14 | 1991-08-30 |
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1991-08-14 | 1991-08-14 |
Direct enumeration
De facto, CENSUS DAY: August 14, 1991
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| IPUMS International | Minnesota Population Center | http://international.ipums.org |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | IPUMS-International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS-International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS-International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS-International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS-International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS-International are designed to extend this record. |
An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS-International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions:
IPUMS-International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following:
(1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS-International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited.
(2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture.
(3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited.
(4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS-International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies.
Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes.
These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data.
Minnesota Population Center. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 6.4 [dataset]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2015. http://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V6.4.
Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data:
Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia, 1991 Population and Housing Census
The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS-International data requires that users supply IPUMS-International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation.
Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu.
Printed matter should be sent to:
IPUMS-International
Minnesota Population Center
University of Minnesota
50 Willey Hall
225 19th Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c) Copyright 1991, Department of Statistics Malaysia and Minnesota Population Center
Contacts
| Name |
|---|
| Department of Statistics Malaysia |
Metadata production
DDI_MYS_1991_PHC_v01_M_v02_A_IPUMS
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Minnesota Population Center | University of Minnesota | Integration Harmonization Documentation |
2016-04-25
Metadata version
- Version 02 (May 2018). This version is identical to version 6.4 (April 2016), except for the DDI Document ID and ID Number which were updated.
Documentation of census data and harmonized variables as found in IPUMS-International. The International Household Survey Network (IHSN) contracted IPUMS International for generating DDI and Dublin Core-compliant metadata related to population and housing census datasets from developing countries. The objective was to provide countries with detailed metadata in a format compatible with the DDI standard used by most of these countries, with a view to guarantee the preservation of the data and metadata, and the publishing of metadata.
The intellectual rights (including copyright) for the data and metadata in IPUMS are retained by the countries under a Memorandum of Understanding with the contributing countries. IPUMS-International has distribution rights to the metadata and data. The XML documents generated by this process are viewed as a distribution of the metadata.
Fields edited by the World Bank are: DDI ID and study ID to match World Bank study naming convention, as well as DDI Document Version and Version Description to reflect changes included in version 6.4.
Previous version documented in the World Bank Microdata Library:
- v6.3 (August 2014)