Global School-based Student Health Survey 2009
Maldives, 2009
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MDV_2009_GSHS_v01_M
Global School-based Student Health Survey 2009
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Maldives | MDV |
World Health Survey [hh/whs]
The GSHS is a collaborative surveillance project designed to help countries measure and assess the behavioural risk factors and protective factors in 10 key areas among young people aged 13 to 17 years. The GSHS is a relatively low-cost school-based survey which uses a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on young people's health behaviour and protective factors related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide. The GSHS was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with United Nations' UNICEF, UNESCO, and UNAIDS; and with technical assistance from CDC.
As of December 2011, representatives from more than 107 countries have been trained and 73 countries have completed a GSHS. Twenty-nine countries have been trained but have not conducted their surveys because of insufficient funds, staff turnover, or other in-country barriers. More than 420,000 students have participated in a GSHS survey. The 2008 Ghana GSHS is the second national school health survey to comprehensively assess a range of health behaviours and protective factors among adolescent subgroups. The first was the 2007 Ghana GSHS (junior high school).
Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) is a school-based survey conducted primarily among students aged 13-15 years. The health and wellbeing of children and youth is a fundamental issue since health is inextricably linked to educational attainment, quality of life and economic productivity. The 2009 Maldives GSHS is the very first national school health survey conducted to look into health behaviour and protective factors among adolescent in schools.
The purpose of the GSHS is to provide data on health behaviors and protective factors among students to:
- Help countries develop priorities, establish programs, and advocate for resources for school health and youth health programs and policies;
- Allow international agencies, countries, and others to make comparisons across countries regarding the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors; and
- Establish trends in the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors by country for use in evaluation of school health and youth health promotion.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Students aged 13-15 years
Version
- v01: Edited, anonymous datasets for public distribution.
Scope
The 2009 Maldives GSHS measured alcohol use; dietary behaviors; hygiene; mental health; physical activity; protective factors; tobacco use; and violence and unintentional injury.
Coverage
National coverage
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Education |
| Ministry of Health and Family |
| World Health Organization |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
| Name |
|---|
| World Health Organization |
Sampling
In 2009 Maldives GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in grades 8 to 10. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of the grades 8-10. Maldives was divided in to two sub groups representing Atolls (Rural) and Male' (Urban).
- Atolls sample: consist of all the lower secondary school in Maldives excluding the school in the capital Male'
- Male' sample: consist all lower secondary schools in the capital city Male'
Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrolment size. 39 schools were selected to participate in the Maldives GSHS. 14 schools from Male' sample and 25 schools from Atoll schools were selected.
The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classes in each selected schools were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled classrooms were eligible to participate in the GSHS.
A total of 3227 students participated in the Maldives GSHS.
A total of 1711 students participated in the Maldives (Atolls) GSHS.
A total of 1516 students participated in the Maldives (Malé) GSHS.
National: The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 80%, and the overall response rate was 80%.
Atolls: The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 81%, and the overall response rate was 81%.
Malé: The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 80%, and the overall response rate was 80%.
A weighting factor was applied to each student record to adjust for non-response and the varying probabilities of selection. A weight has been associated with each questionnaire to reflect the likelihood of sampling each student and to reduce bias by compensating for differing patterns of nonreponse. The weight use for estimation is given by:
W = W1 W2 f1 f2 f3
W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school;
W2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school;
f1 = a school-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large). The factor was calculated in terms of school enrolment instead of number of schools.
f2 = a student-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by class.
f3 = a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by Class Standard.
Survey instrument
The Maldives GSHS questionnaire contained 93 questions; 43 questions in core questionnaire module and 50 from core expanded questions, addressing all the GSHS core modules: Demographics, dietary behaviours, hygiene, violence and unintentional injury, mental health, tobacco use, alcohol and drug use, sexual behaviours, physical activity and protective factors. The 2008 Maldives GSHS questionnaire was developed by the input from the steering committee, school heads of selected schools and a religious leader. The questionnaire was finalized in September 2008.
The 10 core questionnaire modules address the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide.
- Alcohol use
- Dietary behaviors
- Drug use
- Hygiene
- Mental health
- Physical activity
- Protective factors
- Sexual behaviors that contribute to HIV infection, other sexually-transmitted infections, and unintended pregnancy
- Tobacco use
- Violence and unintentional injury
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2009-08 | 2009-09 |
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Education |
| Ministry of Health and Family |
Survey administration occurred from August to September 2009. Survey procedures were designed to protect student privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Student completed the self-administered questionnaire during 45 minutes duration and recorded their responses directly on computer-scannable answer sheet. Approximately, 41 Survey Administrators were specially trained to conduct the GSHS.
Ministry of Education formally informed all the head of schools of selected schools to participate in the GSHS. Parents and students of selected classes were informed beforehand and their consents were taken. Before attending the questionnaire students who do not have parental/guardian permission to participate in the GSHS were double checked.
Data processing
The data was cleaned and edited for inconsistencies. Missing data was not statistically imputed. Software that takes into consideration the complex sample design was used to compute prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals. GSHS are representative of all students attending grades 8-10 in Maldives.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ | chronicdiseases@who.int |
GSHS data release and publication policies and procedures are based on the following guiding principles:
- GSHS data are owned by the official country-level agency (ex. Ministry of Health) conducting or sponsoring the survey.
- Public health and scientific advancement are best served by an open and timely exchange of data and data analyses.
- The privacy of participating schools and students must be protected.
- Data quality must be maintained.
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health and Family of Maldives, World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Maldives Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2009, Ref. MDV_2009_GSHS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | chronicdiseases@who.int | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ |
Metadata production
DDI_MDV_2009_GSHS_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2013-11-06
Metadata version
Version 01 (November 2013)