National Demographic and Health Survey 1998

Philippines, 1998

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PHL_1998_DHS_v01_M

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National Statistics Office (NSO), Department of Health (DOH)

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1 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.

2 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.

3 AbouZahr, Carla, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Maternal mortality at the end of a decade: Signs of progress?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 6 (2001): 561-568.

4 AbouZahr, Carla, Tessa M Wardlaw, Kenneth Hill, and Yoonjoung Choi. Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2004.

5 Adetunji, Jacob. "Trends in under-5 mortality rates and the HIV/AIDS epidemic." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78, no. 10 (2000): 1200-1206.

6 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.

7 Angeles, Gustavo, David K Guilkey, and Thomas A Mroz. "The impact of community level variables on individual level outcomes: Theoretical results and demographic applications." (2002) Measure Evaluation, Carolina Population Center.

8 ARE,. World population monitoring 2002: Reproductive rights and reproductive health. New York, USA: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division , 2004.

9 Ashford, Lori. Unmet need for family planning: Recent trends and their implications for programs. Washington DC, USA: Population Reference Bureau , 2003.

10 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

11 Berthelemy, Jean-Claude, and Juliette Seban. "Equity in Access to Health Services in Developing Countries." Revue d'economie du developpement 23, no. 5 (2009): 9-40.

12 Betràn, Ana P, Mario Merialdi, Jeremy A Lauer, Wang Bing-Shun, Jane Thomas, Paul Van Look, and Marsden Wagner. "Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 21, no. 2 (2007): 98-113.

13 Blanc K, Ann. "The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence." Studies in Family Planning 32, no. 3 (2001): 189-213.

14 Blanc, Ann K, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Monitoring low birth weight: an evaluation of international estimates and an updated estimation procedure." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 3 (2005): 178-185d.

15 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.

16 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." (2008) Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA.

17 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.

18 Bongaarts, John. "Fertility transitions in developing countries: progress or stagnation?." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 2 (2008): 105-110.

19 Bongaarts, John. "Household size and composition in the developing world in the 1990s." (2001) Population studies.

20 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." (2005) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

21 Bongaarts, John, and Zachary Zimmer. "Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: An analysis of DHS household surveys." (2001) Population Council Policy and Research Division.

22 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Measurement and interpretations issues. World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.

23 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Washington, DC: The World Bank.

24 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance: Measurement and interpretation issues." (2000) World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.

25 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.

26 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.

27 Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia, Rajiv Bahl, and José Martines. "Limited progress in increasing coverage of neonatal and child-health interventions in Africa and Asia." Journal of health, population, and nutrition 27, no. 6 (2009): 755-762.

28 Brahmbhatt, Heena, and Ronald H Gray. "Child mortality associated with reasons for non-breastfeeding and weaning: is breastfeeding best for HIV-positive mothers?." AIDS 17, no. 6 (2003): 879-885.

29 Brewis, Alexander, and Mary Meyer. "Marital coitus across the life course." Journal of biosocial science 37, no. 4 (2005): 499-518.

30 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.

31 Bruce, Judith, and Erica Chong. The diverse universe of adolescents, and the girls and boys left behind: A note on research, program and policy priorities (Background paper to Public choices, private decisions: Sexual and reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals). New York, USA: UN Millennium Project, 2006.

32 Cabigon V, Josefina. "Understanding the relationship between poverty and mortality in the Philippines." (2008) POVERTY, NUTRITION AND MORTALITY: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE.

33 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Impacts of family size on the family as a whole: Evidence from the developing world." The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 12, no. 1 (2012).

34 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Keeping the best for last: Impact of fertility on mother's employment: Evidence from developing countries." (2008) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Working Papers.

35 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.

36 Capuno, Joseph J, and Carlos Tan Jr. "Are improved water supply and sanitation always safe for children? Implications for attaining the MDGs in the Philippines." UPSE Discussion Papers 1, no. 1 (2012).

37 Capuno, Joseph J, Carlos R Tan Jr, and Vigile M Fabella. "Do piped water and flush toilets prevent child diarrhea in rural Philippines?." (2011) Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health.

38 Carr, Dara. "Improving the health of the world's poorest people." (2004) Health Bulletin.

39 Casimiro J, Girlie Grace. "Saving mommy from grave: the impact of health financing scheme on the promotion of facility-based deliveries in the Philippines." Master of Arts , Institute of Social Studies, 2007.

40 Chauvet, Lisa, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesple-Somps. "Are Remittances More Effective Than Aid To Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment using Inter and Intra-Country Data." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Cape Town, South Africa, May 16, 2008.

41 Chiao, Chi. "Community context and the prevalence of premarital sex among young women in Kenya and the Philippines: Trends and differences from 1993 to 2003." Health & Place 16, no. 3 (2010): 512-522.

42 Chiong-Javier, Elena. "Literature review: Provider and client behavior and behavioral interventions in family planning in the Philippines." (2005) Research report prepared for Management Sciences for Health-Local Enhancement and Development for Health Project by the Manoff Group Inc.

43 Christian, Parul. "Nutrition and Maternal Survival in Developing Countries." (2008) Handbook of Nutrition and Pregnancy.

44 Cleland, John, and Mohamed M Ali. "Reproductive consequences of contraceptive failure in 19 developing countries." Obstetrics & Gynecology 104, no. 2 (2004): 314.

45 Collumbien, Martine, Makeda Gerressu, and John Cleland. "Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception." (2004) Comparative Quantification of Health Risks.

46 Cornia, Giovanni A, and Leonardo Menchini. "Health improvements and health inequality during the last 40 years." (2006) Research Paper No. 2006/10 .

47 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.

48 Cruz, Pedrito dela, and Alana G Ramos. "Indigenous health knowledge systems in the Philippines: A literature survey." (2011)

49 Cuesta, Jose. "Child malnutrition and the provision of water and sanitation in the Philippines." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 12, no. 2 (2007): 125-157.

50 David, I.P. "Poverty Statistics and Indicators: How often should they be measured." Ninth Meeting of the Heads of National Statistics Offices of East Asian Countries and Asian Statistical Forum. Gotenba, Japan, 2000.

51 De Walque, Damien, and Deon Filmer. "Trends and socioeconomic gradients in adult mortality around the developing world." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5716.

52 Deaton, Angus. "Height, health, and development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 33 (2007).

53 Delamonica, Enrique, Alberto Minujin, and Jama Gulaid. "Monitoring equity in immunization coverage." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 5 (2005): 384-391.

54 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.

55 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.

56 Drabo, Alassane, and Christian Ebeke. "Remittances, public health spending and foreign aid in the access to health care services in developing countries." (2011) Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI-CNRS).

57 Eloundou-Enyegue, Parfait M, and C. Shannon Stokes. "Teen fertility and gender inequality in education: A contextual hypothesis." Demographic Research 11, no. 11 (2004): 305-334.

58 Estache, Antonio, and Ana Goicoechea. "A 'Research' Database on Infrastructure Economic Performance." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper , no. 3643 (2005).

59 Ezzati, Majid, Alan D Lopez, Anthonry Rodgers, and Christopher L Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.

60 Filmer, Deon. "The structure of social disparities in education: gender and wealth." (1999) The World Bank Development Research Group/ Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.

61 Filmer, Deon. "The Structure of Social Disparities in Enducation: Gender and Wealth." (2000)

62 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.

63 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

64 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. "Urban Mortality Transitions: The Role of Slums." (2011) International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.

65 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.

66 Fleischman Foreit G, Karen. "Broadening the commercial sector participation in reproductive health." (2002) The role of the public sector prices on markets for oral contraceptives. Commercial Market Strategies Technical Paper.

67 Fleischman Foreit G, Karen. "Source of maternal and child health care as an indicator of ability to pay for family planning." International Family Planning Perspectives 28, no. 3 (2002): 167-169.

68 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.

69 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods And Empiricism." (2003) Measuring Total Health Inequality: Adding Individual Variations to Group Differences.

70 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Measuring total health inequality: adding individual variation to group-level differences." International Journal for Equity in Health 1, no. 3 (2002).

71 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.

72 Gakidou, Emmanuela, Margaret Hogan, and Alan D Lopez. "Adult mortality: time for a reappraisal." International Journal of Epidemiology 33, no. 4 (2004): 710-717.

73 Galvez-Tan, Jaime. "The Future of Filipino Children: Development Issues and Trends." (2011) Changing tomorrow’s health today.

74 Gillespie, Duff, Saifuddin Ahmed, Amy Tsui, and Scott Radloff. "Unwanted fertility among the poor: An inequity?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 2 (2007): 100-107.

75 Gordon, David, Michelle Irving, Shailen Nandy, and Peter Townsend. "Multidimensional measures of child poverty." (2005) Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research Draft Conference Paper.

76 Gubhaju B, Bhakta. "Adolescent reproductive health in Asia." Asia Pacific Population Journal 17, no. 4 (2002): 97-119.

77 Gultiano, Socorro, and Peter Urich. Population dynamics, land availability and adapting land tenure systems: Philippines, a case study. : CICRED, 2003.

78 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

79 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population in the Central African Republic. : HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank, 2000.

80 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in India." (2000) HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank.

81 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson, Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 4 (2007).

82 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo Yazbeck. Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services: what works, what doesn't, and why. : World Bank Publications, 2005.

83 Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hilary Bracken. "Married adolescents: an overview." WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents. Geneva, December, 2003.

84 Hadwiger, Stephen C, and Mariquit Hadwiger. "Filipino professional birth attendants' perceptions about maternal services and childbirth at home." (2012)

85 Hall, Sarah. "Neonatal mortality in developing countries: What can we learn from DHS data?." (2005) Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute Applications & Policy Working Paper.

86 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

87 Herrin, Alejandro, Aniceto Orbeta Jr, Iris Acejo, Janet Cuenca, and Fatima Prado. "An evaluation of the Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP)." Philippine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper Series , no. 2003-18 (2003).

88 Hewett, Paul C, and Mark R Montgomery. "Poverty and public services in developing-country cities." (2001) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

89 Hilber, Adriane M, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Christian Schindler, Lise Beck, Florence Sécula, Oran McKenzie, Sara Gari, Christina Stuckli, and Sonja Merten. Gender and immunisation. Basel, Switzerland: Swiss Centre for International Health, 2010.

90 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.

91 Holroyd A, Eleanor. "Chinese women and Cancer as contagious: Screening implications." (2006) New Research on Cervical Cancer.

92 Houweling, Tanja A, Carine Ronsmans, Oona M Campbell, and Anton E Kunst. "Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 745-754.

93 Hromi J, Amber. "Unintended pregnancies and the likelihood of breast-feeding: A global analysis." MA Thesis, Public Health, University of Connecticut, 2002.

94 Hromi-Fiedler, Amber J, and Rafael Pérez-Escamilla. "Unintended pregnancies are associated with less likelihood of prolonged breast-feeding: an analysis of 18 Demographic and Health Surveys." Public health nutrition 9, no. 03 (2006): 306-312.

95 Huber, John D, Thomas K Ogorzalek, and Radhika Gore. "Democracy, targeted redistribution and ethnic inequality." (2012)

96 Jensen, Eric R, and Dennis A Ahlburg. A multicountry analysis of the impact of unwantedness and number of children on child health and preventive and curative care. Washington, DC, USA: The Policy Project, 1999.

97 Juarez, Fatima, Josefina Cabigon, Susheela Singh, and Rubina Hussain. "The incidence of induced abortion in the Philippines: current level and recent trends." (2005) International family planning perspectives.

98 Kozhimannil, Katy B, Madeleine Valera, Alice Adams, and Dennis Ross-Degnan. "The population-level impacts of a national health insurance program and franchise midwife clinics on achievement of prenatal and delivery care standards in the Philippines." Health policy 92, no. 1 (2009): 55-64.

99 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.

100 Kyi Kyi, Aye. "Factors affecting breast-feeding in the Philippines: an analysis of 1998 NDHS data." Masters, Mahidol University, 2000.

101 Lamberte E, Exaltacion. Ours to protect and nurture: the case of children needing special protection. : DLSU-Social Development Research Center, 2002.

102 Lamberte, Exaltacion E, Nanette Lee, Desiree Concepcion U Garganian, and Andrew Kantner. Family planning service utilization and market segmentation in the Philippines. : Macro international, 2000.

103 Lamberti, Laura M, Christa L Walker, and Robert E Black. "Systematic review of diarrhea duration and severity in children and adults in low-and middle-income countries." (2012) BMC Public Health.

104 Lauer, Jeremy A, Ana P Betrán, Cesar G Victora, Mercedes de Onis, and Aluísio J Barros. "Breastfeeding patterns and exposure to suboptimal breastfeeding among children in developing countries: review and analysis of nationally representative surveys." BMC medicine 2, no. 1 (2004): 26.

105 Leipziger, Danny, Marianne Fay, Quentin Wodon, and Tito Yepes. "Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The role of infrastructure." (2003) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

106 Lindquist, Katharine. Horizontal educational inequalities and civil conflict: The nexus of ethnicity, inequality, and violent conflict. : Carleton College, 2011.

107 Lloyd B, Cynthia. Schooling and adolescent reproductive behavior in developing countries. : Millennium Project, 2006.

108 Lloyd B, Cynthia. "The changing transitions to adulthood in a comparative perspective: The case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4 (2004): 441-467.

109 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).

110 Lutz, Wolfgang, Warren C Sanderson, Sergei Scherbov, Brian C O'Neill, Anne Goujon, Paulina K Makinwa-Abedsoye, Georges Reniers, Gui-Ying Cao, and F Landis MacKellar. "The end of world population growth in the 21st century: new challenges for human capital formation and sustainable development." (2004)

111 MacDonald H, Theodore. Health, trade and human rights. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2006.

112 MacDonald H, Theodore. Third world health: Hostage to first world health. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2005.

113 Mangasaryan, Nune, Luann Martin, Ann Brownlee, Adebayo Ogunlade, Christiane Rudert, and Xiaodong Cai. "Breastfeeding promotion, support and protection: review of six country programmes." Nutrients 4, no. 8 (2012): 990-1014.

114 Mapa, Denis, Arsenio Balisacan, and Jose R Corpuz. Towards the Goldilocks period: Accelerating the demographic transition in the Philippines. 2012.

115 Mapa, Dennis, Arsenio M Balisacan, and Jose Rowell T Corpuz. "Population management should be mainstreamed in the Philippine Development Agenda." (2010) UPSS Working Paper No. 2010-05.

116 Mapa, Dennis S, Michael Lucagbo, and Czarina L Ignacio. "Is income growth enough to reduce fertility rate in the Philippines? Empirical evidence from regional panel data." 11th National Convention on Statistics (NCS) . 2010.

117 Marcotullio, Peter J, and Gordon McGranahan. Scaling urban environmental challenges: From local to global and back. : Earthscan/James \& James, 2007.

118 Marquez, Maria Paz, and Charles F Westoff. The two child norm in the Philippines. : University of the Philippines, 1999.

119 Marston, Cicely, and John Cleland. "Do unintended pregnancies carried to term lead to adverse outcomes for mother and child? An assessment in five developing countries." Population Studies 57, no. 1 (2003): 77-93.

120 Mascarenhas, Maya N, Hoiwan Cheung, Colin D Mathers, and Gretchen A Stevens. "Measuring infertility in populations: constructing a standard definition for use with demographic and reproductive health surveys." Population Health Metrics 10, no. 1 (2012): 17.

121 Mason, J B, M Deitchler, A Gilman, K Gillenwater, M Shuaib, D Hotchkiss, K Mason, N Mock, and K Sethuraman. "Iodine fortification is related to increased weight-for-age and birthweight in children in Asia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23, no. 3 (2002): 292.

122 Mathers, Colin D, Christina Bernard, Kim M Iburg, Mie Inoue, Doris Ma Fat, Kenji Shibuya, Claudia Stein, Niels Tomijima, and Hongyi Xu. "Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results." (2003) Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper.

123 Mathur, Sanyuka, Margaret Greene, and Anju Malhotra. Too young to wed: The lives, rights, and health of young married girls. : International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 2003.

124 Minujin, Alberto, and Enrique Delamonica. "Socio-economic inequalities in mortality and health in the developing world." Demographic Research 2, no. 13 (2004): 331-354.

125 Montgomery, Mark R, and Paul C Hewett. "Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects." Demography 42, no. 3 (2005): 397-425.

126 Moore, Karen. "Chronic, life-course and intergenerational poverty, and South-East Asian youth." UN Workshop on Youth Poverty in South-East Asia. Yogyakarta, Indonesia, November 15, 2004.

127 Obermeyer, Ziad, Julie K Rajaratnam, Chang H Park, Emmanuela Gakidou, Margaret C Hogan, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring adult mortality using sibling survival: a new analytical method and new results for 44 countries, 1974-2006." PLoS Medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

128 Ogena B, Nimfa. "How are the Filipino youth changing? The shifting lifestyles of our nation's young, 1970s-1990s." Philippine Social Sciences Review 56, no. 1 (2009).

129 Orbeta, Aniceto. "Population and poverty: a review of the links, evidence and implications for the Philippines." Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) Discussion Paper Series , no. 2002-21 (2002).

130 Orbeta, Aniceto, and Ernesto Pernia. "Population growth and economic development in the Philippines: what has been the experience and what must be done." (1999) DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 99-22.

131 Orbeta C, Aniceto. "A review of research on population-related issues: 1980-2002." (2002) Discussion Papers.

132 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.

133 Ostby, Gudrun. Do horizontal inequalities matter for civil conflict?. Oslo, Norway : International Peace Research Institute, 2004.

134 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." (2006) Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper.

135 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries, 1986-2003." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

136 Ostby, Gudrun. "In-migration, inequality and urban violence." Climate Change and Security Conference. Trondheim, Norway, June 21-24, 2010.

137 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.

138 Pachauri, Saroj, and K G Santhya. "Reproductive choices for Asian adolescents: a focus on contraceptive behavior." International Family Planning Perspectives 28, no. 4 (2002): 186-195.

139 Palabrica-Costello, Marilou, Nimfa Ogena, and Alejandro N Herrin. "Policy and program implications of the matching grants program in the Philippines." (2003) Population Council, Manila, mimeo.

140 Pelletier, David L, and Edward A Frongillo. "Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries." The Journal of nutrition 133, no. 1 (2003): 107.

141 Pullum W, Thomas. "An assessment of the quality of data on health and nutrition in the DHS Surveys, 1993-2003." (2008) DHS Methodological Reports.

142 Pullum W, Thomas. "Measures based on censuses and surveys." (2003) The methods and materials of demography.

143 Racelis, Rachel, and Alessandro Herrin. "Philippine population management program (PPMP) expenditures, 1998 and 2000." (2003) Report prepared for the Commission on Population and the Philippine Institute for Development Studies.

144 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

145 Riederer, Anne, Kimberly Thompson, Juan M Fuentes, and Timothy E Ford. "Body weight and water ingestion estimates for women in two communities in the Philippines: The importance of collecting site-specific data." International journal of hygiene and environmental health 209, no. 1 (2006): 69-80.

146 Ross, John A, and William L Winfrey. "Unmet need for contraception in the developing world and the former Soviet Union: an updated estimate." International family planning perspectives 28, no. 3 (2002): 138-143.

147 Schady, Norbert, and Marc F Smitz. Aggregate economic shocks and infant mortality: New evidence for middle-income countries. Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank, 2009.

148 Schwartz, J. Brad, David K Guilkey, and Rachel Racelis. "Decentralization, allocative efficiency and health service outcomes in the Philippines." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Working Paper.

149 Shapiro, David, Amanda Kreider, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. "Stalling of fertility transitions and socioeconomic change in the developing world: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." 36th Chaire Quetelet, Annual Symposium in Demography. Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, November, 2010.

150 Slack T, Alison. Food and nutrition security data on the World Wide Web. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1999.

151 Smits, Jeroen, and Christiaan Monden. "Twinning across the developing world." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2523.

152 Smits, Jeroen, and Roel Steendijk. "The International Wealth Index (IWI)." (2012)

153 Son H, Hyun. Equity in health and health care in the Philippines. : Asian Development Bank, 2009.

154 Storeygard, Adam, Deborah Balk, Marc Levy, and Glenn Deane. "The global distribution of infant mortality: a subnational spatial view." Population, space and place 14, no. 3 (2008): 209-229.

155 Stover, John, and John Ross. "How increased contraceptive use has reduced maternal mortality." Maternal and child health journal 14, no. 5 (2010): 687-695.

156 Strayhorn A, Kali-Ahset. "Women's paid labor force participation and child immunization: A multilevel model." MA, Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.

157 Sugden, Craig. "Is Growth in Asia and the Pacific Inclusive?." (2012) ADB Economics Working Paper Series.

158 Sy-SInda, Terista, Chanel J Concepcion, Florenda Cabatit, Chona V Palomares, and Donna Evasco-neri. "Number of delivery room scrubs as competency measure and requirement for the nurse licensure examination." (2008)

159 Thind, Amardeep, and Anne Marie Cruz. "Determinants of children's health services utilization in the Philippines." Journal of tropical pediatrics 49, no. 5 (2003): 269-273.

160 Varga, C A, and I Zosa-Feranil. Adolescent and youth reproductive heath in the Philippines: Status, issues, policies and programs. Washington, DC, USA: POLICY, 2003.

161 Wagstaff, Adam. "Child Health on a Dollar a Day: Some Tentative Cross-Country Comparisons." Social Science & Medicine, The University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, 2003.

162 Wagstaff, Adam. "Inequalities in health in developing countries: swimming against the tide?." (2002) Human Development Network. Health, Nutrition, and Population Team.

163 Wang, Limin. "Determinants of child mortality in LDCs: Empirical findings from demographic and health surveys." Health Policy 65, no. 3 (2003): 277-299.

164 Wang, Limin. Determinants of child mortality in low-income countries: Empirical findings from Demographic and Health Surveys. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2002.

165 Wang, Limin. Health outcomes in low-income countries and policy implications: Empirical findings from demographic and health surveys. : World Bank, Environment Dept., 2002.

166 Wang, Limin. "Health outcomes in poor countries and policy options: Empirical findings from Demographic and Health Surveys." (2002) World Bank Policy Research Papers.

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