Encuesta de Demografía y Salud 1998

Nicaragua, 1997 - 1998

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NIC_1998_DHS_v01_M

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Instituto Nacional de Estadlsticas y Censos (INEC), Ministerio de Salud (MINSA)

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Dec 20, 2012

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Jul 06, 2017

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The data from this study are used in the following publications:

Found: 162

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1 Multicenter Project on Inequities in Health Status, Access and Expenditure on Health Care. "Inequities in health status, access and expenditure: using secondary data to inform policy-making." Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 2000.

2 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.

3 Rolling Back Malaria: The World Bank Global Strategy & Booster Program. : World Bank Publications, 2005.

4 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.

5 AbouZahr, Carla, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Maternal mortality at the end of a decade: Signs of progress?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 6 (2001): 561-568.

6 Ainsworth, Martha, and Deon Filmer. "Poverty, AIDS, and children's schooling: A targeting dilemma." (2002) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

7 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "Inferring the economic standard of living and health from cohort height: Evidence from modern populations in developing countries." (2015) Economics & Human Biology.

8 Alarcón, Diana, and Marcos Robles. "The challenges of measuring child mortality when birth registration is incomplete." GLOBAL FORUM ON GENDER STATISTICS. Rome, Italy, 2007.

9 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.

10 ARE,. World population monitoring 2002: Reproductive rights and reproductive health. New York, USA: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division , 2004.

11 Ashford, Lori. Unmet need for family planning: Recent trends and their implications for programs. Washington DC, USA: Population Reference Bureau , 2003.

12 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

13 Balk, Deborah, Adam Storeygard, Marc Levy, Joanne Gaskell, Manohar Sharma, and Rafael Flor. "Child hunger in the developing world: an analysis of environmental and social correlates." Food Policy 30, no. 5-6 (2005): 584-611.

14 Barria, R. Mauricio, and Hugo Amigo. "Transición Nutricional: una revisión del perfil latinoamericano." Arch latinoam nutr 56, no. 1 (2006): 3-11.

15 Becker, Stan, and Bryan Sayer. Sampling weights for analyses of couple data in Demographic and Health Surveys. : Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 2009.

16 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.

17 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Samantha Rawlings. "The intergenerational correlation of health in developing countries." (2008) University of Bristol, UK.

18 Blanc K, Ann. "The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence." Studies in Family Planning 32, no. 3 (2001): 189-213.

19 Blanc, Ann K, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Monitoring low birth weight: an evaluation of international estimates and an updated estimation procedure." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 3 (2005): 178-185d.

20 Block, Steven A, William A Masters, and Priya Bhagowalia. "Child undernutrition, household poverty and national income in developing countries: Quantile regression results." Agricultural & Applied Economics Association 2010: AAEA,CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, USA, July 25-27, 2010.

21 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.

22 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.

23 Bongaarts, John. "Can Family Planning Programs Reduce High Desired Family Size in Sub-Saharan Africa?." International Perspectives on on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 4 (2011): 209-216.

24 Bongaarts, John. "Fertility transitions in developing countries: progress or stagnation?." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 2 (2008): 105-110.

25 Bongaarts, John. "Household size and composition in the developing world in the 1990s." (2001) Population studies.

26 Bongaarts, John, and Zachary Zimmer. "Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: An analysis of DHS household surveys." (2001) Population Council Policy and Research Division.

27 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Measurement and interpretations issues. World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.

28 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Washington, DC: The World Bank.

29 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance: Measurement and interpretation issues." (2000) World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.

30 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.

31 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.

32 Bossert, Thomas, Diana Bowser, and Leonor Corea. Studies of decentralization of the health system in Nicaragua: Final report. Cambridge, MA, USA: USAid and Harvard School of Public Health, 2001.

33 Bozon, Michel. "At what age do women and men have their first sexual intercourse? World comparisons and recent trends." (2003) Population and Societies .

34 Braddock, Meg, Corrine Grainger, and Fidel Moreira. Addressing the reproductive health needs and rights of young people since ICPD: The contribution of UNFPA and IPPF: Nicaragua country evaluation report. New York, USA: UNFPA and IPPF, 2003.

35 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.

36 Bruce, Judith, and Erica Chong. The diverse universe of adolescents, and the girls and boys left behind: A note on research, program and policy priorities (Background paper to Public choices, private decisions: Sexual and reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals). New York, USA: UN Millennium Project, 2006.

37 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Impacts of family size on the family as a whole: Evidence from the developing world." The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 12, no. 1 (2012).

38 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Is there a cost associated with an increase in family size beyond child investment? Evidence from developing countries." (2011) Banco de Espana Working Papers.

39 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Keeping the best for last: Impact of fertility on mother's employment: Evidence from developing countries." (2008) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Working Papers.

40 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.

41 Carr, Dara. "Improving the health of the world's poorest people." (2004) Health Bulletin.

42 Casterline, John B, and Jennifer A Mendoza. "Unwanted fertility in Latin America: historical trends, recent patterns." Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. Detroit, USA, April-May 30-2, 2009.

43 Castro, Arachu, Paul Farmer, Jim Y Kim, Eduardo Levcovitz, Daniel López-Acuña, Joia Mukherjee, Patricia Schroeder, Edwina Yen, Stephen J Corber, José R Cruz, Carrie Farmer, James Fitzgerald, Karem Harth, Rafael Mazin, Hernán Rosenberg, and Fernando Zacarias. "Scaling up health systems to respond to the challenge of HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean." (2002) (Pan American Health Organization self published).

44 Castro Martín, Teresa. "Población del istmo 2000: familia, migración, violencia y medio ambiente." (2001) 4. Matrimonios sin papeles en Centroamérica: Persistencia de un sistema dual de nupcialidad.

45 Chackiel, Juan. "La dinámica demográfica en América Latina." (2004) Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE): Serie población y desarrollo.

46 Chauvet, Lisa, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesple-Somps. "Are Remittances More Effective Than Aid To Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment using Inter and Intra-Country Data." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Cape Town, South Africa, May 16, 2008.

47 Collumbien, Martine, Makeda Gerressu, and John Cleland. "Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception." (2004) Comparative Quantification of Health Risks.

48 Corsi, Daniel J, Jocelyn E Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Global burden of double malnutrition: Has anyone seen it?." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2512.

49 Coury, John, and Aida Lafebre. The USAID Population Program in Ecuador. A graduation report. : The United States Agency for International Development/Ecuador, 2001.

50 Danel, Isabella, and Marcelo Bortman. "An Assessment of LAC's Vital Statistics System: The Foundation of Maternal and Infant Mortality Monitoring." (2008) HNP Discussion Paper.

51 Dávalos, Maria, and Indira Vanessa Santos. "Domestic violence and child nutrition in Latin America: A bargaining power approach." (2006) SSRN eLibrary.

52 Deaton, Angus. "Height, health, and development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 33 (2007).

53 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.

54 Diallo, Amadou B, and Quentin Wodon. "Demographic transition towards smaller household sizes and basic infrastructure needs in developing countries." Economics Bulletin 15, no. 11 (2007): 1-11.

55 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.

56 Drabo, Alassane, and Christian Ebeke. "Remittances, public health spending and foreign aid in the access to health care services in developing countries." (2011) Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI-CNRS).

57 Dudwick, Nora, Katy Hull, Roy Katayama, Forhad Shilpi, and Kenneth Simler. From farm to firm: Rural-urban transition in developing countries. Washington DC, USA: World Bank, 2011.

58 Ellsberg, Mary, and Lori Heise. Researching violence against women: A practical guide for researchers and activists. Washington, DC, USA: World Health Organization and Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), 2005.

59 Ellsberg, Mary, Lori Heise, Rodolfo Pena, Sonia Agurto, and Anna Winkvist. "Research domestic violence against women: Methodological and ethical considerations." Studies in Family Planning 32, no. 1 (2001): 1-16.

60 Ellsberg C, Mary. "Sex Without Consent: Young People in Developing Countries." (2005) Chapter 2: Sexual violence against women and girls: recent findings from Latin America and the Caribbean.

61 Eloundou-Enyegue, Parfait M, and C. Shannon Stokes. "Teen fertility and gender inequality in education: A contextual hypothesis." Demographic Research 11, no. 11 (2004): 305-334.

62 Espinoza, H. "The relationship between family structure and exclusive breastfeeding prevalence in Nicaragua." Salud Pública de México 44, no. 6 (2002): 499-507.

63 Esteve Palós, Albert, Joan García Román, and Robert McCAA. "La Complementariedad de Censos Y Encuestas En La Estimación de Indicadores de Soltería." (2010) Papers de Demografia.

64 Ezzati, Majid, Alan D Lopez, Anthonry Rodgers, and Christopher L Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.

65 Filmer, Deon. "The structure of social disparities in education: gender and wealth." (1999) The World Bank Development Research Group/ Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.

66 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.

67 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

68 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.

69 Finlay, Jocelyn E, Emre Ozaltin, and David Canning. "The association of maternal age with infant mortality, child anthropometric failure, diarrhoea and anaemia for first births: evidence from 55 low-and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 1, no. 2 (2011).

70 Fleischman Foreit G, Karen. "Broadening the commercial sector participation in reproductive health." (2002) The role of the public sector prices on markets for oral contraceptives. Commercial Market Strategies Technical Paper.

71 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.

72 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Measuring total health inequality: adding individual variation to group-level differences." International Journal for Equity in Health 1, no. 3 (2002).

73 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.

74 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "An individual-level approach to health inequality: child survival in 50 countries." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series.

75 Garrett, James L, and Marie T Ruel. "Stunted child-overweight mother pairs: An emerging policy concern." (2003) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper, International Food Policy Research Institute.

76 Gillespie, Duff, Saifuddin Ahmed, Amy Tsui, and Scott Radloff. "Unwanted fertility among the poor: An inequity?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 2 (2007): 100-107.

77 Gomez, Elsa. Gender equity and health policy reform in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2002.

78 Gordon, David, Michelle Irving, Shailen Nandy, and Peter Townsend. "Multidimensional measures of child poverty." (2005) Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research Draft Conference Paper.

79 Guggenheim, Cordelia B, Melinda F Davis, and Aurelio J Figueredo. "Sons Or Daughters: A Cross-Cultural Study of Sex Ratio Biasing And Differential Parental Investment." Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 39, no. 3 (2007): 73-90.

80 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

81 Guzmán, José Miguel, Juan Manuel Contreras, and Ralph Hakkert. "La situación actual del embarazo y el aborto en la adolescencia en América Latina y el Caribe." (2000) Equipo de Apoyo Técnico del UNFPA para América Latina y el Caribe.

82 Guzmán, José Miguel, Jorge Rodríguez, Jorge Martínez, Juan Manuel Contreras, and Daniela González. "The demography of Latin America and the Caribbean since 1950." Population (english edition) 61, no. 5 (2006): 519-620.

83 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population in the Central African Republic. : HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank, 2000.

84 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in India." (2000) HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank.

85 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson, Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 4 (2007).

86 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo Yazbeck. Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services: what works, what doesn't, and why. : World Bank Publications, 2005.

87 Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hilary Bracken. "Married adolescents: an overview." WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents. Geneva, December, 2003.

88 Hall, Sarah. "Neonatal mortality in developing countries: What can we learn from DHS data?." (2005) Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute Applications & Policy Working Paper.

89 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

90 Heaton, Tim, Tina Huntsman, and Dallan F Flake. "The effects of status on women’s autonomy in Bolivia, Peru, and Nicaragua." Population research and policy review 24, no. 3 (2005): 283-300.

91 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.

92 Hewett, Paul C, and Mark R Montgomery. "Poverty and public services in developing-country cities." (2001) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

93 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.

94 Houweling, Tanja A, Carine Ronsmans, Oona M Campbell, and Anton E Kunst. "Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 745-754.

95 Hromi J, Amber. "Unintended pregnancies and the likelihood of breast-feeding: A global analysis." MA Thesis, Public Health, University of Connecticut, 2002.

96 Hromi-Fiedler, Amber J, and Rafael Pérez-Escamilla. "Unintended pregnancies are associated with less likelihood of prolonged breast-feeding: an analysis of 18 Demographic and Health Surveys." Public health nutrition 9, no. 03 (2006): 306-312.

97 Jejeebhoy, Shireen J, and Sarah Bott. "Sex without consent: Young people in developing countries." (2005) Chapter 1: Non-consensual sexual experiences of young people in developing countries: an overview.

98 Jones-Smith, J. C, P. Gordon-Larsen, A. Siddiqi, and B. M Popkin. "Is the burden of overweight shifting to the poor across the globe? Time trends among women in 39 low-and middle-income countries (1991-2008)." International Journal of Obesity 36, no. 8 (2011): 1114-1120.

99 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.

100 Lauer, Jeremy A, Ana P Betrán, Cesar G Victora, Mercedes de Onis, and Aluísio J Barros. "Breastfeeding patterns and exposure to suboptimal breastfeeding among children in developing countries: review and analysis of nationally representative surveys." BMC medicine 2, no. 1 (2004): 26.

101 LeFevre, Joyce, Rebeca Quiroga, and Elaine Murphy. Reproductive health and rights-reaching the hardly reached. Article 14: Future options foreclosed: girls who marry early. Washington, DC, USA: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health , 2002.

102 Leipziger, Danny, Marianne Fay, Quentin Wodon, and Tito Yepes. "Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The role of infrastructure." (2003) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

103 Levine, R, A Glassman, and M Schneidman. "The health of women in Latin America and the Caribbean." (2001) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

104 Levine, Ruth, Mariam Schneidam, and Amanda Glassman. The health of women in Latin America and the Caribbean. : World Bank Publications, 2001.

105 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).

106 Lopriore, C, M C Dop, A Solal-Celigny, and G Lagnado. "Excluding infants under 6 months of age from surveys: impact on prevalence of pre-school undernutrition." Public health nutrition 10, no. 01 (2007): 79-87.

107 Lutter, Chessa, Camila Chaparro, and Sergio Munoz. "Progress towards Millennium Development Goal 1 in Latin America and the Caribbean: the importance of the choice of indicator for undernutrition." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 1 (2011): 22-30.

108 Lutz, Wolfgang, Warren C Sanderson, Sergei Scherbov, Brian C O'Neill, Anne Goujon, Paulina K Makinwa-Abedsoye, Georges Reniers, Gui-Ying Cao, and F Landis MacKellar. "The end of world population growth in the 21st century: new challenges for human capital formation and sustainable development." (2004)

109 Marcotullio, Peter J, and Gordon McGranahan. Scaling urban environmental challenges: From local to global and back. : Earthscan/James \& James, 2007.

110 Mascarenhas, Maya N, Hoiwan Cheung, Colin D Mathers, and Gretchen A Stevens. "Measuring infertility in populations: constructing a standard definition for use with demographic and reproductive health surveys." Population Health Metrics 10, no. 1 (2012): 17.

111 McCarraher, Donna R, Patricia E Bailey, and Sandra L Martin. "The relationship between birth predictedness and violence during pregnancy among women in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia." Maternal and child health journal 9, no. 1 (2005): 101-112.

112 Meheus, F., and E. Van Doorslaer. "Achieving better measles immunization in developing countries: does higher coverage imply lower inequality?." Social Science & Medicine 66, no. 8 (2008): 1709-1718.

113 Mei, Zuguo, and Laurence M Grummer-Strawn. "Standard deviation of anthropometric Z-scores as a data quality assessment tool using the 2006 WHO growth standards: a cross country analysis." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 6 (2007): 441-448.

114 Menchini, Leonardo, and Giovanni Cornia. "The pace and distribution of health improvements during the last 40 years: some preliminary results." (2004) Centro Studi Luca D'Agliano Development Studies Working Papers.

115 Montgomery, Mark R, and Paul C Hewett. "Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects." Demography 42, no. 3 (2005): 397-425.

116 Mora O, Jose. Integrated Anemia Control Strategy has significantly reduced anemia in women and children in Nicaragua. Ottawa, Canada: Micronutrient Initiative, 2007.

117 Moser, Kath, Chris Frost, and David A Leon. "Comparing health inequalities across time and place—rate ratios and rate differences lead to different conclusions: analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries 1991-2001." International journal of epidemiology 36, no. 6 (2007): 1285-1291.

118 Nestel, Penelope, and Shea Rutstein. "Defining nutritional status of women in developing countries." Public health nutrition 5, no. 01 (2002): 17-27.

119 Neuman, Melissa, Jocelyn E Finlay, George D Smith, and SV Subramanian. "The poor stay thinner: stable socioeconomic gradients in BMI among women in lower-and middle-income countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 94, no. 5 (2011): 1348-1357.

120 Neuman, Melissa, Ichiro Kawachi, Steven Gortmaker, and S.V. Subramanian. "Urban-rural differences in BMI in low-and middle-income countries: the role of socioeconomic status." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97, no. 2 (2013): 428-436.

121 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.

122 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." (2006) Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper.

123 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries, 1986-2003." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

124 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.

125 Ozaltin, Emre, Kenneth Hill, and S V Subramanian. "Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low-to middle-income countries." JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 303, no. 15 (2010): 1507-1516.

126 Pelletier, David L, and Edward A Frongillo. "Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries." The Journal of nutrition 133, no. 1 (2003): 107.

127 Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael. "Breastfeeding and the nutritional transition in the Latin American and Caribbean Region: a success story?." Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro 19, no. Sup 1 (2003): S119-S127.

128 Piwoz, Ellen G, Sandra L Huffman, and Victoria J Quinn. "Promotion and advocacy for improved complementary feeding: Can we apply the lessons learned from breastfeeding?." Food and nutrition bulletin 24, no. 1 (2003): 29-44.

129 Pullum W, Thomas. "An assessment of the quality of data on health and nutrition in the DHS Surveys, 1993-2003." (2008) DHS Methodological Reports.

130 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

131 Rani, Manju, and Elizabeth Lule. "Exploring the socioeconomic dimension of adolescent reproductive health: a multicountry analysis." (2004) International Family Planning Perspectives.

132 Regalía, Ferdinando, and Leslie Castro. "Performance-based incentives for health: demand-and supply-side incentives in the Nicaraguan Red de Protección Social." (2007) Center for Global Development Working Paper.

133 Reynolds, Heidi W, Emelita L Wong, and Heidi Tucker. "Adolescents' use of maternal and child health services in developing countries." International Family Planning Perspectives 32, no. 1 (2006): 6-16.

134 Rodríguez, Jorge. "High adolescent fertility in the context of declining fertility in Latin America." (2011) Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) Population Division of ECLAC.

135 Rodríguez Vignoli, Jorge. "La reproducción en la adolescencia y sus desigualdades en América Latina. Introducción al análisis demográfico, con énfasis en el uso de microdatos censales de la ronda de 2010." (2014) Documento del proyecto "UNFPA-ECLAC - Anual work plan 2014".

136 Ross, John A, and William L Winfrey. "Unmet need for contraception in the developing world and the former Soviet Union: an updated estimate." International family planning perspectives 28, no. 3 (2002): 138-143.

137 Ruel, M T, and P Menon. "Creating a child feeding index using the demographic and health surveys: An example from Latin America." (2002) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper.

138 Ruel, Marie, and Purnima Menon. "Child feeding practices are associated with child nutritional status in Latin America: innovative uses of the demographic and health surveys." The Journal of nutrition 132, no. 6 (2002): 1180.

139 Sahn, David E, and David C Stifel. "Robust comparisons of malnutrition in developing countries." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 84, no. 3 (2002): 716-735.

140 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Changes in inequality and poverty in Latin America: looking beyond income to health and education." Journal of Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (2006): 215-233.

141 Sakisaka, K., S. Wakai, C. Kuroiwa, L. C Flores, and I. Kai. "Nutritional status and associated factors in children aged 0--23 months in Granada, Nicaragua." Public Health 120, no. 5 (2006): 400-411.

142 Sakisaka, Kayako, Masamine Jimba, and Kyo Hanada. "Changing poor mothers' care-seeking behaviors in response to childhood illness: findings from a cross-sectional study in Granada, Nicaragua." BMC international health and human rights 10, no. 10 (2010).

143 Schady, Norbert, and Marc F Smitz. Aggregate economic shocks and infant mortality: New evidence for middle-income countries. Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank, 2009.

144 Shapiro, David, Amanda Kreider, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. "Stalling of fertility transitions and socioeconomic change in the developing world: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." 36th Chaire Quetelet, Annual Symposium in Demography. Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, November, 2010.

145 Singh, Susheela, Akinrinola Bankole, and Vanessa Woog. "Evaluating the need for sex education in developing countries: sexual behaviour, knowledge of preventing sexually transmitted infections/HIV and unplanned pregnancy." Sex education 5, no. 4 (2005): 307-331.

146 Slack T, Alison. Food and nutrition security data on the World Wide Web. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1999.

147 Smith, Lisa, Marie Ruel, and Aida Ndiaye. "Why is child malnutrition lower in urban than rural areas? Evidence from 36 developing countries." (2004) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, Discussion Paper.

148 Smith, Lisa C, Usha Ramakrishnan, Aida Ndiaye, Lawrence Haddad, and Reynaldo Martorell. The importance of women's status for child nutrition in developing countries. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2003.

149 Smits, Jeroen, and Christiaan Monden. "Twinning across the developing world." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2523.

150 Souza, João Paulo, Mary Angela Parpinelli, Eliana Amaral, and Guilherme Cecatti. "Assistência obstétrica e complicações graves da gestação na América Latina e Caribe: análise das informações obtidas a partir de inquéritos demográficos de saúde." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 21, no. 6 (2007): 396-401.

151 St. Bernard, Godfrey. "Major trends affecting families in Central America and the Caribbean." (2003) Major trends affecting families: a background document.

152 Stephens, Suzanna, and Pan American Health Organization. "Protocol of the Multicenter Study: Inequities in health status, access and expenditure: Using secondary data to inform policy making." (2000) Research in Public Health Techincal Papers.

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