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Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey 2015-2016

Tanzania, 2015 - 2016
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TZA_2015_DHS-MIS_v01_M
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National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS)
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Jan 18, 2017
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Mar 29, 2019
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Questionnaires
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health and Malaria Indicator Survey, Household Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 208.52 KB]
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics, United Republic of Tanzania
Date 2015-08-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download http://datacatalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6904/download/85449
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health and Malaria Indicator Survey, Woman's Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 417.62 KB]
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics, United Republic of Tanzania
Date 2015-08-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download http://datacatalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6904/download/85450
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health and Malaria Indicator Survey, Man's Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 162.66 KB]
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics, United Republic of Tanzania
Date 2015-04-30
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download http://datacatalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6904/download/85451
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health and Malaria Indicator Survey, Biomarker Data Collection Form
Download [PDF, 169.91 KB]
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics, United Republic of Tanzania
Date 2015-08-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download http://datacatalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6904/download/85452
Reports
Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey 2015-16, Final Report
External link
Author(s) Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam Ministry of Health, Zanzibar National Bureau of Statistics, Dar es Salaam Office of Chief Government Statistician, Zanzibar ICF, Rockville, Maryland USA
Date 2016-12-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Description This report presents the detailed findings from the 2015-16 TDHS-MIS at national, zonal (as used by the MoHCDGEC), and where possible, regional levels.
Table of contents TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... ix
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................. xix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... xxi
READING AND UNDERSTANDING TABLES FROM THE 2015 TDHS-MIS ............................. xxiii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. xxxiii
MAP OF TANZANIA ........................................................................................................................... xxxvi

1 INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 1
1.1 Geography, History, and the Economy ................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 Geography .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 History ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.3 Economy ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Population ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Population and Health Policies and Programmes ................................................................ 2
1.3.1 National Population Policy .................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Vision 2025 ............................................................................................................ 3
1.3.3 The National Strategy got Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) ............... 3
1.3.4 The 5-Year Development Plan (FYDP I) 2011/12–2015/16 ................................. 3
1.3.5 Big Results Now Initiative ..................................................................................... 4
1.3.6 Health Policy .......................................................................................................... 4
1.3.7 Primary Health Care Service Development Programme (2007-2017) ................... 5
1.3.8 Health Sector Strategic Plan III (2009-2015)......................................................... 6
1.3.9 The National Road Map Strategic Plan to Accelerate Reduction of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Deaths in Tanzania-One Plan (2008-2015) ..... 6
1.3.10 The Sharpened One Plan to Accelerate Progress (2014-2015) .............................. 7
1.3.11 National Nutrition Strategy .................................................................................... 8
1.4 Strategic Direction for the Period 2015 to 2020 .................................................................. 9
1.4.1 Health Sector Strategic Plan IV (2015-2020) ........................................................ 9
1.4.2 One Plan II (2016-2020) ...................................................................................... 10
1.4.3 National Key Result Area in Health Care ............................................................ 11
1.5 Objectives and Survey Organization ................................................................................. 12
1.5.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 12
1.5.2 Survey Organization ............................................................................................ 13
1.6 Fieldwork ........................................................................................................................... 16
1.6.1 2015-16 TDHS-MIS Field Challenges ................................................................ 17
1.6.2 Data Processing .................................................................................................... 18
1.6.3 Response Rates .................................................................................................... 18

2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND HOUSEHOLD POPULATION .............................. 21
2.1 Drinking Water Sources and Treatment ............................................................................ 22
2.2 Sanitation ........................................................................................................................... 23
2.3 Exposure to Smoke inside the Home ................................................................................. 23
2.4 Housing Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 23
2.5 Household Wealth ............................................................................................................. 24
2.6 Hand Washing ................................................................................................................... 25
2.7 Household Population and Composition ........................................................................... 25
2.9 Birth Registration .............................................................................................................. 26
2.10 Education ........................................................................................................................... 26
2.10.1 Educational Attainment ....................................................................................... 27
2.10.2 School Attendance ............................................................................................... 27
2.11 Household Food Security .................................................................................................. 28
2.12 Health Expenditures .......................................................................................................... 29

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ............................................................................. 51
3.1 Basic Characteristics of Survey Respondents .................................................................... 51
3.2 Education and Literacy ...................................................................................................... 52
3.3 Exposure to Mass Media and Internet Usage .................................................................... 53
3.4 Employment ...................................................................................................................... 54
3.5 Occupation ......................................................................................................................... 55
3.6 Type of Employment: Women .......................................................................................... 56
3.7 Health Insurance Coverage ................................................................................................ 56
3.8 Tobacco Smoking .............................................................................................................. 57
3.9 Daily Smoking ................................................................................................................... 57
3.10 Male Circumcision ............................................................................................................ 57

4 MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY .................................................................................. 85
4.1 Marital Status ..................................................................................................................... 85
4.2 Polygyny ............................................................................................................................ 86
4.3 Age at First Marriage ......................................................................................................... 87
4.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse ......................................................................................... 88
4.5 Recent Sexual Activity ...................................................................................................... 89
4.6 Age at First Sexual Intercourse among Young People ...................................................... 89
4.7 Premarital Sexual Intercourse and Condom Use during Premarital Sexual Intercourse among Youth ...... 90

5 FERTILITY ................................................................................................................................. 105
5.1 Current Fertility ............................................................................................................... 106
5.2 Children Ever Born and Living ....................................................................................... 107
5.3 Birth Intervals .................................................................................................................. 107
5.4 Insusceptibility to Pregnancy ........................................................................................... 108
5.5 Age at First Birth ............................................................................................................. 109
5.6 Teenage Childbearing ...................................................................................................... 110

6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES ................................................................................................... 119
6.1 Desire for Another Child ................................................................................................. 120
6.2 Ideal Family Size ............................................................................................................. 121
6.3 Fertility Planning Status .................................................................................................. 122
6.4 Wanted Fertility Rates ..................................................................................................... 123

7 FAMILY PLANNING ................................................................................................................ 131
7.1 Contraceptive Knowledge and Use ................................................................................. 132
7.2 Source of Modern Contraceptive Methods ...................................................................... 134
7.3 Informed Choice .............................................................................................................. 134
7.4 Discontinuation of Contraceptives .................................................................................. 135
7.5 Demand for Family Planning .......................................................................................... 135
7.6 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ..................................................... 137

8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY ...................................................................................... 157
8.1 Data Quality ..................................................................................................................... 158
8.2 Infant and Child Mortality ............................................................................................... 159
8.3 Bio-demographic Risk Factors ........................................................................................ 160
8.4 Perinatal Mortality ........................................................................................................... 161
8.5 High-risk Fertility Behaviour .......................................................................................... 161

9 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE ................................................................................................. 167
9.1 Antenatal Care Coverage and Content ............................................................................ 168
9.2 Timing and Number of ANC Visits................................................................................. 169
9.3 Components of ANC Visits ............................................................................................. 169
9.4 Protection against Neonatal Tetanus ............................................................................... 170
9.5 Delivery Services ............................................................................................................. 170
9.6 Skilled Assistance during Delivery ................................................................................. 172
9.7 Caesarean Section ............................................................................................................ 173
9.8 Postnatal Care for Mothers .............................................................................................. 174
9.9 Postnatal Health Checks for Newborns ........................................................................... 175
9.9.1 Timing and Type of Provider ............................................................................. 175
9.9.2 Content of Newborn Care .................................................................................. 175
9.10 Problems in Accessing Health Care ................................................................................ 176

10 CHILD HEALTH ........................................................................................................................ 193
10.1 Birth Weight .................................................................................................................... 193
10.2 Vaccination of Children ................................................................................................... 194
10.3 Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection ...................................................................... 196
10.4 Fever ................................................................................................................................ 197
10.5 Diarrhoeal Disease ........................................................................................................... 198
10.5.1 Prevalence of Diarrhoea ..................................................................................... 198
10.5.2 Feeding Practices ............................................................................................... 198
10.5.3 Treatment of Diarrhoea ...................................................................................... 199
10.5.4 Knowledge of ORS Packets ............................................................................... 200
10.6 Disposal of Children’s Stools .......................................................................................... 201

11 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN ........................................................................ 221
11.1 Nutritional Status of Children .......................................................................................... 221
11.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children .............................. 221
11.1.2 Data Collection .................................................................................................. 223
11.1.3 Levels of Child Malnutrition ............................................................................. 223
11.2 Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices ...................................................................... 224
11.2.1 Initiation of Breastfeeding ................................................................................. 224
11.2.2 Exclusive Breastfeeding ..................................................................................... 225
11.2.3 Median Duration of Breastfeeding ..................................................................... 226
11.2.4 Complementary Feeding .................................................................................... 226
11.2.5 Minimum Acceptable Diet ................................................................................. 227
11.3 Anaemia Prevalence in Children ..................................................................................... 228
11.4 Women’s Nutritional Status ............................................................................................ 230
11.5 Anaemia Prevalence in Women....................................................................................... 231
11.6 Presence of Iodised Salt in Households ........................................................................... 231
11.7 Micronutrient Intake and Supplementation among Children ........................................... 233
11.8 Micronutrient Intake among Mothers .............................................................................. 234
11.9 Urinary Iodine Concentration Among Women ............................................................... 234

12 MALARIA ................................................................................................................................... 261
12.1 Ownership of Insecticide-Treated Nets ........................................................................... 262
12.2 Indoor Residual Spraying ................................................................................................ 264
12.3 ITN Coverage, Access to an ITN, and Household Use of ITNs ...................................... 265
12.4 Use of ITNs by Children and Pregnant Women .............................................................. 267
12.5 Malaria in Pregnancy ....................................................................................................... 268
12.6 Case Management of Malaria in Children ....................................................................... 269
12.7 Prevalence of Low Haemoglobin in Children ................................................................. 271
12.8 Prevalence of Malaria in Children ................................................................................... 271

13 MALARIA KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATION ........................................................ 299
13.1 Recognition of Malaria as a Serious Health Problem ...................................................... 299
13.2 Knowledge of Malaria Signs or Symptoms ..................................................................... 300
13.3 Knowledge of Malaria Prevention ................................................................................... 301
13.4 Access to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACTs) and Visits from Health Workers ......... 302
13.5 Exposure to Malaria Messages ........................................................................................ 303
13.6 Attitudes towards Malaria ............................................................................................... 304

14 ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY ............................................................................. 317
14.1 Adult and Maternal Mortality Data ................................................................................. 317
14.1.1 Sibling Survival History .................................................................................... 317
14.1.2 Assessment of Data Quality ............................................................................... 318
14.1.3 Assessment of Trends in Maternal Mortality ..................................................... 318
14.2 Direct Estimates of Adult Mortality ................................................................................ 319
14.3 Direct Estimates of Maternal Mortality ........................................................................... 320

15 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ............................................................................ 325
15.1 Married Women’s and Men’s Employment .................................................................... 326
15.2 Control over Women’s Earnings ..................................................................................... 326
15.3 Control over Men’s Earnings .......................................................................................... 327
15.4 Women’s and Men’s Ownership of Assets ..................................................................... 328
15.5. Ownership and Use of Bank Accounts and Mobile Phones ............................................ 328
15.6 Women’s Participation in Decision Making .................................................................... 329
15.7 Attitudes towards Wife Beating ...................................................................................... 330

16 FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING ........................................................................... 357
16.1 Knowledge of FGC/M ..................................................................................................... 358
16.2 Prevalence of and Age at Circumcision among Women ................................................. 358
16.2.1 Prevalence and Type of FGC/M ........................................................................ 358
16.2.2 Age at Circumcision .......................................................................................... 360
16.3 Prevalence of and Age at Circumcision for Girls Age 0-14 ............................................ 360
16.4 Opinions about FGC/M ................................................................................................... 361

17 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ............................................................................................ 367
17.1 Measurement of Violence ................................................................................................ 368
17.2 Experience of Physical Violence from Anyone ............................................................... 368
17.2.1 Prevalence of Physical Violence ........................................................................ 368
17.2.2 Perpetrators of Physical Violence ...................................................................... 369
17.3 Experience of Sexual Violence ........................................................................................ 369
17.3.1 Prevalence of Sexual Violence .......................................................................... 369
17.3.2 Perpetrators of Sexual Violence ......................................................................... 370
17.4 Experience of Different Forms of Violence .................................................................... 370
17.5 Marital Control ................................................................................................................ 370
17.6 Spousal Violence ............................................................................................................. 371
17.7 Injuries due to Spousal Violence ..................................................................................... 373
17.8 Violence Initiated by Women against Husbands/Partners ............................................... 373
17.9 Response to Violence ...................................................................................................... 374
17.9.1 Help Seeking Behaviour to Stop the Violence ................................................... 374
17.9.2 Sources for Help ................................................................................................ 374

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 401
APPENDIX A SAMPLE DESIGN FOR THE 2015-16 TANZANIA DHS-MIS ............................... 405
APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS ................................................................... 413
APPENDIX C DATA QUALITY TABLES ......................................................................................... 439
APPENDIX D PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2015-16 TANZANIA DHS-MIS ........................... 443
APPENDIX E QUESTIONNAIRES ..................................................................................................... 449
APPENDIX F ADDITIONAL DHS PROGRAM RESOURCES ....................................................... 591
Download http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR321/FR321.pdf
Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey 2015-16, Key Findings
External link
Author(s) The DHS Program
Date 2016-12-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Description This report presents Key Findings of the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS), which was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS), Zanzibar, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Mainland and the Ministry of Health, Zanzibar from August 22, 2015 through February 14, 2016. ICF provided technical assistance. The 2015-16 TDHS-MIS is part of the worldwide DHS Program, which assists countries in the collection of data to monitor and evaluate population, health and nutrition programmes. The survey was funded by the Government of Tanzania, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Global Affairs Canada, Irish Aid, United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
Download http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/SR233/SR233.pdf
Fast Facts from The 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey
External link
Author(s) The DHS Program
Date 2016-12-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/DM94/DM94.pdf
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