Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012
Moldova, 2012
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MDA_2012_MICS_v01_M
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Moldova | MDA |
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 4 [hh/mics-4]
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Round 4 (MICS4) is the forth round of MICS surveys, previously conducted around 1995 (MICS1), 2000 (MICS2), and 2005-2007 (MICS3). MICS was originally developed to support countries measure progress towards an internationally agreed set of goals that emerged from the 1990 World Summit for Children.
The fourth round of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS4) is scheduled for 2009-2011 and survey results are expected to be available from 2010 onwards. MICS4 data allow countries to better monitor progress toward national goals and global commitments, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as the target year 2015 approaches.
Information on more than 20 of the MDG indicators is being collected through MICS4, offering one of the largest single sources of data for MDG monitoring. MICS4 continues to address emerging issues and new areas of interest, with validated, standard methodologies in collecting relevant data. It also helps countries capture rapid changes in key indicators.
The Republic of Moldova Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was carried out in 2012 (hereinafter the 2012 Moldova MICS) by the National Centre of Public Health of the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics, the Scientific Research Institute of Mother and Child Health Care, the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family, the Ministry of Education, the National Centre for Health Management, and the National Centre for Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics. Financial and technical support was provided by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), with additional contribution of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe within the EU supported project on technical assistance to the health sector.
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is an international household survey programme developed by UNICEF. The 2012 Moldova MICS was conducted as part of the fourth global round of MICS surveys (MICS4). MICS provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments.
The 2012 Moldova MICS was based on a nationally representative probability sample, stratified in two stages and consisting of about 12,500 households. Fieldwork was carried out between April 17 and June 30, 2012 using four Questionnaires – the Household Questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Individual Women aged 15-49 years, the Questionnaire for Children Under Five, the Questionnaire for Individual Men aged 15-49 years, as well as a Questionnaire Form for Vaccination Records at the Health Facility.
In addition to the administration of questionnaires, fieldwork teams tested the salt used for cooking in the households for its iodate content, observed the place used for handwashing, measured the weights and heights of children under the age of five, as well as the haemoglobin levels in women aged 15-49 years and children aged 6-59 months. The household response rate was 97 percent, with 89 percent, 77 percent and 96 percent response rates calculated for the women’s, men’s and under-5’s interviews respectively.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- individuals
- households
Version
- v01: Edited, anonymous datasets for public distribution.
Scope
The scope of the Moldova Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey includes:
- Household: household information panel, household listing form, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child discipline, hand washing and salt iodization.
- Women: woman’s information panel, woman's background, access to mass media and ICT, child mortality -birth history, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, post-natal health checks, illness symptoms, contraception, unmet need, attitudes toward domestic violence, marriage/union, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, tobacco and alcohol use, life satisfaction and haemoglobin measurement.
- Children: child's age, birth registration, early childhood development, breastfeeding, care of illness, immunisation, anthropometry and haemoglobin measurement.
- Men: man’s information panel, man's background, access to mass media and ICT, child mortality, attitudes toward domestic violence, marriage/union, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, tobacco and alcohol use and life satisfaction.
Coverage
National
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household, and all men aged 15-49 years.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Centre of Public Health | Ministry of Health |
| National Bureau of Statistics | |
| United Nations Children’s Fund |
| Name |
|---|
| Scientific Research Institute of Mother and Child Health Care |
| Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family |
| Ministry of Education |
| National Centre for Health Management |
| National Centre for Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| United Nations Children’s Fund | Financial and technical support |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | Financial and technical support |
| World Health Organization | Financial and technical support |
Sampling
A probability-based stratified sample was selected in two stages for the 2012 Moldova MICS. Considering that the 2004 Population Census cartographic materials were discarded, it became impossible to use them as a source of data for the sampling frame. Thus, the decision was to use the 2005 Moldova DHS sample for the first stage (PSU - Primary Sampling Unit) and for the second stage a probability-based sample of the households has been selected from each PSU.
Coverage
The reference population for the 2012 Moldova MICS depends on the particular indicators and is defined as follows (the size estimates are presented in Table SD.1):
- Households;
- Women aged 15-49 years;
- Men aged 15-49 years;
- Children under 5 years of age.
Geographically, the reference population is placed within the administrative borders of Moldova's territorial units which are located on the western side of the Nistru (Dniester River); the population living in the eastern side (left bank of the Dniester River and the Bender municipality -Transnistrian region) are not a part of 2012 Moldova MICS.
Sample representativeness
The 2012 Moldova MICS sample ensured representativeness at a national level (excluding Transnistrian region) and, like in the case of the 2005 Moldova DHS, at the level of residential areas - urban and rural. Although at the first sampling stage no stratification by zone was used, the results of the 2005 Moldova DHS survey indicate that the level of precision of the zone level estimates is acceptable.
Sample size
The sample size is determined, on the one hand, by the precision expected to be achieved for the key indicators, and on the other hand, by the availability of human and financial resources. The precision of a sample survey's results is liable to be affected by two types of errors: sampling and non-sampling errors. The level of the sampling errors is inversely proportional to the square root of the sample size, whereas the nonsampling errors are affected by an increase in the sample size. Consequently, the larger the sample is, the smaller the sampling errors, and the greater the non-sampling errors are. Therefore it is important that the size of the sample is balanced so as to ensure both an acceptable precision and a minimum level of non-sampling errors.
Taking into account the limitations due to the lack of maps of census sectors, which made it impossible to select a new sample of PSUs, it was decided to use the same sample of PSUs that was used for the 2005 Moldova DHS, which included 400 census sectors. The final sample size was 12,500 households, a figure obtained by selecting respective number of households from each of the 400 PSUs drawn at the first sampling stage.
PSU (cluster) size
The average number of households per PSU is around 90 in rural areas and approximately 120 in urban areas. These sizes were determined so as to ensure a reasonable workload for the enumerators involved in general 2004 Population Census conducted by the NBS. This also made the PSUs practical for updating the list of the households for the purpose of providing a sampling frame for the 2012 Moldova MICS second sampling stage in a timely and cost-effective manner.
Sampling frame
The sampling frame at the first sampling stage was built on the census sectors defined for the purposes of the 2004 Population Census carried out by the NBS. This included the list of all the census sectors, put into digital form, accompanied by variables for the identification of the sectors in the 2004 PC, information on areas of residence and geographical zones, and their measure of size expressed in number of persons.
Sample Selection Procedures
At the first stage of sampling, PSUs within each stratum were systematically drawn with probabilities proportional to their size (number of population based on the 2004 PC data). Prior to sampling, the census sectors in each stratum were sorted in geographical order from north to south, in order to provide an additional level of implicit stratification based on the geographic criterion. At the second sampling stage, a sample of 30 households was selected from each PSU. The selection was done in each PSU based on the lists of households registered following the update, using a simple systematic sampling procedure.
The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Moldova Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012 - Final Report" pp.143-147.
Of the 12,528 households selected for the sample, 11,657 were found to be occupied. Of these, 11,354 were successfully interviewed yielding a household response rate of 97 percent. In the interviewed households, 6,718 women aged 15-49 years were identified. Of these, 6,000 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 89 percent within interviewed households. In addition, 2007 eligible men aged 15-49 years were listed in the household questionnaire. This number is based on a sub-sample of men, with men being selected for interview in every third household. Questionnaires were completed for 1,545 of eligible men, which corresponds to a response rate of 77 percent. There were 1,940 children under age five listed in the household questionnaire; however, questionnaires were completed for 1,869, which corresponds to a response rate of 96 percent within interviewed households. Overall response rates of 87 percent, 75 percent, and 94 percent were reached for the women’s, men’s and under-5’s interviews respectively.
Survey instrument
The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age and relationship. The household questionnaire includes household information panel, household listing form, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child discipline, hand washing and salt iodization.
In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49, children under age five and men age 15-49. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or primary caretaker of the child.
The women's questionnaire includes woman's information panel, woman's background, access to mass media and ICT, child mortality -birth history, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, post-natal health checks, illness symptoms, contraception, unmet need, attitudes toward domestic violence, marriage/union, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, tobacco and alcohol use, life satisfaction and haemoglobin measurement.
The children's questionnaire includes child's age, birth registration, early childhood development, breastfeeding, care of illness, immunisation, anthropometry and haemoglobin measurement.
The men's questionnaire includes man's information panel, man's background, access to mass media and ICT, child mortality, attitudes toward domestic violence, marriage/union, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, tobacco and alcohol use and life satisfaction.
MICS fourth round model questionnaires were customized based on the country’s needs so as to reflect relevant issues which are present in the Republic of Moldova in terms of children’s, women’s and men’s health, education, child protection, migration, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, anaemia, etc. Following content approval by the Steering Committee members, the questionnaires were translated from English and Russian into Romanian and were subsequently pre-tested (in Romanian and Russian).
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2012-04-17 | 2012-06-30 |
| Name |
|---|
| National Public Health Centre |
There is one supervisor for each of the 15 data collection teams in the field.
Training for the fieldwork was conducted over 23 days (of which 16 were used for providing the theoretical framework and classroom practice, and 4 were used for field practice/piloting), between March 21 to April 12, 2012. The training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires as well as working groups to gain practice in asking questions. The theoretical part of training also included lectures by specialists on different domains covered by the survey (HIV/AIDS, contraceptive methods, immunization, etc.), as well as introductions to standards of practice for haemoglobin and anthropometric measurements and for measurements on the iodate content in salt. Practical aspects of the traning included measurements and procedures for verification of immunization data, which were conducted both in classroom settings and at local health centres. Training was carried out according to standard MICS training procedures, including classroom presentations, mock interviews and written tests. All participants were instructed on how to complete the Household Questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Individual Women and Men, the Questionnaire for Children Under Five and the Questionnaire Form for Vaccination Records at Health Facility.
Training of field staff for both pre-test and data collection was mainly carried out in Romanian by UNICEF’s National Consultant with technical support from field coordinators and in collaboration with UNICEF’s MICS Regional Consultant. Towards the end of the training period, trainees spent four days in fieldwork (i.e. piloting), conducting interviews in Romanian and Russian as well as measurements and tests prescribed in the survey design. Piloting was conducted on 525 households in urban and rural areas of the Chi?inau municipality and of Straseni and Ialoveni districts/raions additionally selected on the basis of a non-MICS sample.
A total of 107 participants were trained as supervisors, field/office editors, interviewers and measurers. Participants who had medical training were made responsible for testing haemoglobin levels. Participants selected as supervisors and field editors were given two additional days of training on aspects of fieldwork supervision and editing of questionnaires.
The field staff was selected on the basis of psychological tests, communication skills, fluency in languages, interviewing capabilities as well as through classroom activity/field practice assessments and final post-training evaluations. Editors and supervisors were selected among the most experienced participants. The data were collected by fifteen teams; each team comprising of eight members: four interviewers (three female and one male), one editor, one measurer, one driver, and a supervisor.
Two field coordinators from the Implementing Agency coordinated and supervised all fieldwork activities with the support of UNICEF’s National Consultant. Fieldwork progress was closely watched and supervised by UNICEF Moldova’s MICS Coordinator and MICS experts of the UNICEF Regional Office, who assisted with field activities and regularly (approximately two to three weeks) assessed the quality on the basis of field check tables generated from parallel data entry.
The fieldwork was carried out between April 17 and June 30, 2012.
Data processing
Data were entered using the CSPro software on 12 computers by 12 previously trained data-entry clerks. A supervisor and an expert in data processing and analysis were responsible for the quality of data entry. Completed questionnaires were returned each week from the field to the NCPH office in Chisinau for additional editing by two office editors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double-entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Standard procedures and programmes developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the Moldova questionnaires were used throughout. Data processing began on April 25, shortly after the fieldwork was initiated and was completed on July 10, 2012; however, due to inconsistencies between the data entered and the actual data in the questionnaires, the data processing period had to be extended until September 14, 2012. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software programme, Version 18. The standard SPSS syntax files and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF and adapted to the country’s needs were used to this end.
Data appraisal
The sample of respondents selected in the 2012 Moldova Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey is only one of the samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.
The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
- Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc.). Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates an increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2.se or r – 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 18 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.
Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the different regions. One of the selected indicators is based on households, six are based on household members, 28 are based on women, 17 are based on men and 18 are based on children under 5. All indicators presented here are in the form of proportions.
A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:
- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Age distribution of children under 5 in household and children under 5 questionnaires
- Women’s completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Men’s completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completion rates for under-5 questionnaires by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements
- Observation of places for hand washing
- Observation of under-5s birth certificates
- Observation of vaccination cards
- Presence of mother in the household and the person interviewed for the under-5 questionnaire
- Selection of children age 2–14 years for the child discipline module
- School attendance by single age
- Sex ratio at birth among children ever born and living
- Births by calendar years
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in appendix D in document "Moldova Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012 - Final Report" pp.175-185.
Access policy
United Nations Children's Fund
United Nations Children's Fund
http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html
Cost: None
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Childinfo | UNICEF | http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html | mics@unicef.org |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets. |
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
Example,
National Centre of Public Health, National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova and United Nations Children’s Fund. Moldova Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012, Ref. MDA_2012_MICS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Valeriu Pantea | National Centre of Public Health | vpantea@cnsp.md |
| Elena Laur | UNICEF | elaur@unicef.org |
Metadata production
DDI_MDA_2012_MICS_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2014-12-15
Metadata version
Version 01 (December 2014)