| Table of contents |
Part 1 - Executive Summary.....................................................................................9
Part 2 – Study objectives and methodology .............................................................. 11
1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 11
2 CFSVA objectives................................................................................................. 11
3 Definition, terminology and concepts ...................................................................... 11
3.1 Food Security.............................................................................................. 11
3.2 Vulnerability ............................................................................................... 12
4 Sources of data ................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Secondary data review ................................................................................. 13
4.2 Primary data collection ................................................................................. 13
4.2.1 Survey instruments .................................................................................. 13
4.2.2 Survey Teams.......................................................................................... 13
4.2.3 Sampling procedures ................................................................................ 14
4.2.4 Data entry and statistical analysis............................................................... 16
5 Limitations to the study ........................................................................................ 16
Part 3 – Background and overview of socio economic issues........................................ 19
1 General historical and political context .................................................................... 19
1.1 Governance Issues ...................................................................................... 19
2 Macro Economic Situation ..................................................................................... 20
2.1 Trade......................................................................................................... 20
2.2 Private Investment ...................................................................................... 20
3 Geography, climate and natural resources ............................................................... 21
3.1 Climate ...................................................................................................... 21
4 Population and livelihoods ..................................................................................... 22
4.1 Human capital............................................................................................. 22
5 Literacy/Education ............................................................................................... 22
6 Health................................................................................................................ 23
6.1 Child Health................................................................................................ 23
6.2 Maternal Health........................................................................................... 23
6.3 HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................... 24
6.4 Nutrition..................................................................................................... 24
7 Agriculture.......................................................................................................... 24
7.1 Land Distribution / Tenure ............................................................................ 25
7.2 Cropping Patterns........................................................................................ 25
7.3 Market Access ............................................................................................. 25
7.4 Post Harvest Losses ..................................................................................... 25
8 Poverty reduction & Food security Policies ............................................................... 26
9 Sources of food insecurity and vulnerability ............................................................. 27
Part 4 - Community and Household Survey Results / Outcomes................................... 29
1 Circumstances of the households ........................................................................... 29
1.1 Demographics ............................................................................................. 29
1.2 Livelihood groups ........................................................................................ 29
1.3 Socio-economic characteristics ...................................................................... 31
1.3.1 Education................................................................................................ 31
1.3.1.1 Literacy............................................................................................ 31
1.3.1.2 Women’s Literacy and Educational Achievement..................................... 31
1.3.1.3 School Access, Enrollment & Absenteeism ............................................. 32
1.3.2 Health .................................................................................................... 33
1.3.2.1 Chronic Illness, Disability & Mortality .................................................... 33
1.3.2.2 Health Concerns in Communities.......................................................... 33
1.3.3 Housing & Amenities................................................................................. 34
1.3.3.1 Building materials/quality of dwelling.................................................... 34
1.3.3.2 Energy Sources ................................................................................. 34
1.3.3.3 Water .............................................................................................. 34
1.3.3.4 Sanitation......................................................................................... 35
1.3.4 Access to community services .................................................................... 35
1.3.4.1 Roads and Transportation ................................................................... 35
1.3.4.2 Market Access ................................................................................... 35
1.3.4.3 Health Care Facilities.......................................................................... 36
2 Household Food Security and Vulnerability .............................................................. 36
2.1 Availability and access to food ....................................................................... 36
2.1.1 Productive assets ..................................................................................... 36
2.1.1.1 Land ................................................................................................ 36
2.1.1.2 Animals............................................................................................ 37
2.1.2 Agricultural production.............................................................................. 38
2.1.3 Main Activities and Income Sources ............................................................ 41
2.1.3.1 Livelihood Activities............................................................................ 41
2.1.3.2 Gender Issues ................................................................................... 42
2.1.3.3 Credit .............................................................................................. 43
2.1.4 Household expenditures ............................................................................ 44
2.1.5 Household Access Profiling......................................................................... 45
2.1.5.1 Food Access Profiles Concept and Ranking Methodology .......................... 45
2.1.5.2 Household access to food.................................................................... 46
2.1.5.3 Household food access profiles ............................................................ 47
2.1.5.4 Geographic distribution of food access profiles ....................................... 47
2.1.5.5 Distribution of food access profiles among livelihood groups..................... 48
2.2 Food Consumption....................................................................................... 48
2.2.1 Food Sources and Frequency...................................................................... 48
2.2.2 Household Food Consumption Profiling ........................................................ 49
2.2.2.1 Frequency of Consumption and Dietary Diversity.................................... 49
2.2.2.2 Methodology for Analyzing Food Consumption Data ................................ 50
2.2.2.3 Household Food Consumption Groups and Profiles .................................. 50
2.2.2.4 Geographic distribution of consumption profiles...................................... 51
2.2.2.5 Distribution of consumption profiles among livelihood groups ................... 52
2.3 Household Food security and vulnerability profiling........................................... 52
2.3.1.1 Household Food Security Scoring Concept and Methodology..................... 52
2.3.1.2 Household Food Security & Vulnerability Profiles..................................... 53
2.3.1.3 Geographic distribution of food security and vulnerability profiles ............. 53
2.3.1.4 Distribution of food security and vulnerability profiles among livelihood groups .. 53
2.4 External shocks and coping strategies ............................................................ 54
2.4.1 Covariate shocks...................................................................................... 55
2.4.2 Idiosyncratic shocks ................................................................................. 55
2.4.3 Coping strategies ..................................................................................... 55
2.4.4 Impact and Recovery ................................................................................ 56
3 Food utilization and Nutritional Status..................................................................... 57
3.1 Women’s Maternal Care, Health & Nutrition ..................................................... 57
3.1.1 Nutritional Status ..................................................................................... 58
3.1.2 Health & Care Practices ............................................................................. 58
3.1.3 Pregnancy & Breastfeeding ........................................................................ 59
3.1.4 Antenatal Care......................................................................................... 59
3.2 Children’s Health and Nutrition ...................................................................... 60
3.2.1 Child’s Nutritional Status ........................................................................... 60
3.2.1.1 Acute Malnutrition (Wasting) ............................................................... 60
3.2.1.2 Underweight ..................................................................................... 61
3.2.1.3 Chronic Malnutrition (Stunting)............................................................ 63
3.2.2 Child Health............................................................................................. 63
3.2.3 Basic Health Care Provision & Vaccination .................................................... 63
3.3 FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION CAUSALITY ANALYSIS................................... 64
3.3.1 1. Food security & Nutrition relation............................................................ 64
3.3.1.1 Presentation of the model ................................................................... 64
3.3.1.2 List of independent variables ............................................................... 64
3.3.1.3 Steps of the causal analysis ................................................................ 65
3.3.1.4 Results of causal analysis.................................................................... 66
3.3.2 Food security causal analysis ..................................................................... 66
3.3.2.1 Presentation of the model ................................................................... 66
3.3.2.2 List of variables ................................................................................. 66
3.3.2.3 Steps of analysis ............................................................................... 67
3.3.2.4 Results of the food security causal analysis............................................ 68
Part 5 Livelihood Food Security and Vulnerability Profiles ............................................ 69
Part 6 Geographic Food Security and Vulnerability Profiles .......................................... 77
Part 7 Recommendations for programme interventions............................................... 85
1 Summary of Findings ........................................................................................... 85
2 Priority Areas ...................................................................................................... 86
Part 8 Annexes..................................................................................................... 89
1 Results for causal analysis..................................................................................... 89
Part 9 References ................................................................................................. 92 |
