| Table of contents |
Contents iii
List of Tables viii
List of Figures xii
List of Maps xii
ACRONYMS xiii
FOREWORD xix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xvi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Project Objectives 1
1.3 Project Components 2
1.3.1 Primary Health Care 2
1.3.2 Domestic Water 2
1.3.3 Water Development Technical Services 2
1.3.4 Agriculture Extension Services 2
1.3.5 Group Development 2
1.4 Objectives of the Survey 2
1.5 Outline of the Report 3
CHAPTER TWO: DATA AND METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 Data Sources 5
2.2 Quantitative Approach 5
2.2.1 Sample Design 5
2.2.2 Survey Methods 5
2.2.3 Survey Outcomes 6
2.2.4 Survey Measures Analyzed 7
2.2.5 Data Processing and Statistical Analysis methods 7
2.2.6 Limitation of the survey 7
2.2.7 Weighting and imputation 7
2.3 Qualitative Approach 8
2.3.1 Sample Design 8
2.3.2 Survey Methods 9
2.3.3 Survey Outcomes 9
2.3.4 Data Processing and Analysis 9
CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD PROFILE 11
3.0 Introduction 11
3.1 Demographics 11
3.1.1 Household Population by Age and Gender 11
3.1.2 Household Composition 11
3.1.3 Characteristics of Household Members 11
3.2 Housing Characteristics 14
3.2.1 Flooring Materials 17
3.2.2 Roofing Materials 17
3.2.3 Materials Used for Wall Construction 19
3.2.4 Living Rooms 20
3.2.5 Durable Household Assets 22
3.2.6 Electricity Supply 22
3.2.7 Sources of Cooking Fuels 26
3.2.8 Source of lighting 26
3.2.9 Energy saving devices 27
3.3 Household Expenditure 28
3.3.1 Introduction 28
3.3.2 Key Household Expenditures 29
3.3.3 Transfers, Investments, Loan Repayments and Savings 39
CENTRAL KENYA DRY AREA SMALLHOLDER AND COMMUNITY SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CKDAP)
CKDAP Impact Survey Report, 2010 iv
CHAPTER FOUR: WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 49
4.0 Introduction 49
4.1 Main Sources of Drinking Water during Rainy and Dry Seasons 49
4.2 Funding of water facilities in dry and wet season 52
4.3 Distance in kilomtres to water facility 53
4.4 Time taken to get water to the household 54
4.5 Treatment of Drinking Water 56
4.5.1 Methods Used for Treatment of Drinking Water 57
4.6 Uses of Water in the Households 58
4.7 Adequacy of Water during Rainy and Dry Seasons 67
4.8 Common Water Born Diseases 67
4.9 Membership to Water User Groups 68
4.10 Sanitation and Hygiene 69
4.10.1 Toilet Facilities 69
4.10.2 Use of sanitary facilities by children under five years 72
CHAPTER 5: PRIMARY HEATH CARE 75
5.0 Introduction 75
5.1 Health Facilities Commonly Visited at Times of Illness 75
5.2 Distances covered by households to health facilities 75
5.3 Households members belonging to health groups 78
5.4 HIV/AIDS Awareness, Prevention and Care of Patients 79
5.4.1 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS by sex and age groups 79
5.4.2 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Transmission Methods 81
5.4.3 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Prevention Methods 83
5.4.4 Knowledge of a person who had died of HIV/AIDS 85
5.4.5 Knowledge of where one could determine HIV status 86
5.4.6 Knowledge of a VCT 87
5.4.7 Location of VCTs 88
5.5 Home Based Care 90
5.6 Households with members in the home based care teams 91
5.7 Prevalence of Common Diseases 91
5.8 Deaths amongst the Households Members 94
CHAPTER 6: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 99
6.1 Food Security 99
6.1.1 Hungry season 100
6.1.2 Beginning of hungry season 101
6.1.3 End of first hungry season 103
6.1.4 Second hungry season 103
6.1.5 Start of second hungry season 105
6.1.6 End of second hungry season 107
6.1.7 Source of Food during hungry season 107
6.2 General Agriculture 107
6.2.1 Farmland operation 108
6.2.2 Farmland ownership 109
6.2.3 Total size of land 110
6.2.4 Tools used for tilling land 110
6.2.5 Soil and water conservation 111
6.2.6 Land under conservation 112
6.2.7 Water harvesting technologies 112
6.2.8 Planting Methods 113
6.2.9 Tree Nurseries 114
6.2.10 Households That Received Agricultural Extension Services 115
6.2.11 Types of Agricultural Extension Services Received 115
6.2.12 Attendance of agricultural activities 116
6.2.13 Farming Methods Learnt 117
6.2.14 Farming Methods Adopted 117
6.2.15 Household Farms used by Agricultural Research Organizations 118
6.2.16 Processing plants within the FDAs 119
v CKDAP Impact Survey Report, 2010
6.3 Crop Production 119
6.3.1 Crops grown 119
6.3.2 Maize production 119
6.3.3 Beans Production 122
6.3.4 Irish Potatoes Production 124
6.3.5 Intercropping of Crops 126
6.3.6 Storage of Crops after Harvesting 126
6.3.7 Marketing of Crops 127
6.3.8 Utilization of surplus harvest 128
6.3.9 Selling price of major crops 128
6.3.10 Uses of income earned through sale of surplus crops 130
6.3.11 Households preference of foodstuffs 131
6.3.12 Farm inputs used for crop production 135
6.3.10 Sources of Farm Inputs 136
6.4 Livestock Rearing 138
6.4.1 Livestock reared 138
6.4.2 Livestock Ownership 140
6.4.3 Marketing of Livestock Products 148
6.4.4 Inputs and services in livestock rearing 150
6.4.5 Livestock Vaccinations 153
6.4.6 Pest Control 158
CHAPTER 7: INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES AND SAVINGS 161
7.1 Income Generating Activities 161
7.2 Household Members Involved in Income Generating Activities 162
7.3 Members Engaged in Income Generating Activities in Full Time Basis 162
7.4 Households Saving Methods 163
CHAPTER 8: GROUP DEVELOPMENT 165
8.1 Introduction 165
8.2 Types of Groups and Registration 165
8.3 The Year Groups Were Formed 166
8.4 Groups Registration Status and Registering Authority 167
8.5 Groups Affiliation 168
8.6 Membership of Groups by Gender 169
8.7 Committee Members by Gender 170
8.8 Level of Education of Committee Members 170
8.9 Leadership Distribution by Gender and Education 171
8.10 Activities the Groups Were Registered to Undertake 171
8.11 Activities the Groups are currently Undertaking 172
8.12 Groups Training 173
8.13 Major Areas of Training 173
8.14 Utilization of Trainings Received by the Groups 174
8.15 Benefits Accrued to Groups from Trainings 174
8.16 Groups Sources of Funds 175
8.17 Assistance to Groups for the Last Twelve Months 176
8.18 Major Challenges Faced by the Groups 176
8.19 Information, Education and Communication Materials 177
8.20 Groups Offices 177
8.21 Materials Used in Construction of Group Offices 178
8.22 Groups Employees 178
8.23 Details of Groups Employees 179
8.24 Types of Records Kept by Groups 180
8.25 Storage of Group Records 180
8.26 Custody of Group Records 181
8.27 Saving of Groups’ Money 181
8.28 Groups Liabilities in Terms of Loans 181
8.29 Meetings Held/Organized by Groups 183
8.30 Terms of Office Bearers 184
CENTRAL KENYA DRY AREA SMALLHOLDER AND COMMUNITY SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CKDAP)
CKDAP Impact Survey Report, 2010 vi
CHAPTER 9: QUALITATIVE FINDINGS FROM FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 187
9.1 Objective 187
9.2 Methodology 187
9.3 Data analysis 187
9.4 Qualitative Findings 187
9.4.1 Improved access to facility based health care 187
9.4.2 Improved access to community based health care 189
9.4.3 Food Security 190
9.4.4 Crops 190
9.4.5 Domestic animals 191
9.4.6 Technology adopted to improve animals reared 191
9.4.7 Soil Conservation 191
9.4.8 Drought 192
9.4.9 Water 192
9.4.10 Energy 192
9.4.11 Technology 193
9.4.12 ddd 193
9.4.13 Income generating activities 194
9.4.14 Community Participation 195
CHAPTER TEN: VIEWS OF THE COORDINATION AND MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES 197
10.1 Methodology 197
10.2 Project Coordinating Committee (PCC) 197
10.2.1 Relevance of PCC 197
10.2.2 Decisions by committee that have improved project performance 198
10.2.3 Challenges faced by PCC 198
10.2.4 Feasibility of project 198
10.2.5 Recommendation 199
10.3 Project Management Unit Members (PMU) 199
10.3.1 Relevance of PMU 199
10.3.2 Decisions by PMU that have improved project performance 199
10.3.3 Challenges faced by PMU 200
10.3.4 Feasibility of the project 200
10.3.5 Recommendation 200
10.4 District Project Coordinating Unit/Divisional Planning and Implementation Team 200
10.4.1 Participatory planning structures 200
10.4.2 How active is each of them 200
10.4.3 How implementation has benefited from existence of the planning
and monitoring of structures 200
10.4.4 Rating of the Implementation Integration Level 200
10.4.5 Organizations and Areas of Collaboration 200
10.4.6 Feasibility of the Project 202
10.5 Focal Development Area Committee 202
10.5.1 Community involvement 202
10.5.2 Role of FDA Committee 203
10.5.3 Main challenges in executing FDAC roles 203
10.5.4 The future of FDAC after project conclusion 203
10.5.5 Project sustainability 203
10.5.6 Recommendation 204
vii CKDAP Impact Survey Report, 2010
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 204
Annex I : Household Impact Assessment Survey Questionnaire 207
Annex II: Group Interview Questionnaire 230
Annex III: Focus Group Discussion Guide for CKDAP Survey 239
Annex IV: In-Depth Interview Guide 241
Annex V: Project Coordination and Management Questionnaire 242
Annex VI: Survey Participants 247
Annex VII: List of Groups interviewed 249 |
