National Child Labour Survey 2008
Rwanda, 2008
Identification
RWA_2008_CLS_v01_M
National Child Labour Survey 2008
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Child Labor Survey [hh/cls]
Child labour is a critical issue in Rwanda. This issue is considered as a socialization factor and gives rise to the problem of children’s participation in improving socioeconomic life of their respective households, and even in improving that of the country. The purpose of the National Child Labour Survey is to generate data on child labour (including education, economic and non-economic activities) and embark on the process of creating a database containing both qualitative and quantitative data on the child labour phenomenon in Rwanda.
These objectives unfold as follows:
-To collect information on characteristics, nature, extent and reasons influencing childlabour in Rwanda and assess working conditions and impact on children health, education and normal development of children;
-To create a database (quantitative and qualitative) on child labour which can be regularly updated through additional surveys and other administrative documents;
-To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of children in employment in Rwanda by presenting the structure of activities, working conditions and their effects on children.
The 2008 Rwanda National Child Labour Survey (2008-RNCLS) focused on children aged 5-17 years living in ordinary households countrywide. Street children and those living in institutions like prisons, hospitals, children living in orphanages and others not living in ordinary households were not focused on in the survey. Only households having children aged 5 -17 years were targeted by the 2008-RNCLS. In total, 5,510 households were selected to constitute the survey sample and among them 5,084 were successfully identified and interviewed during the field survey, which is a response rate of nearly 92%.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Households
- Individuals
Version
v0.1: Basic raw data, obtained from data entry.
2008-09
Scope
The scope of the National Child Labour Survey includes:
- Household: Household characteristics, Households population composition, Sex of head of household, Household size, Marital status and education level of heads of households, Sector of activities of heads of household, Household wealth index
- Children: Economic activities by children, Situation of “inactive children”, School attendance, Household chores (unpaid households services), Sectors of children’s economic activity, Workplace, Work intensity of children in employment, Extent of child labour, Hazardous work, Branches of activities, Employment status of child labourers, Working time, Children’s employment and health
Coverage
National coverage
Village level which is the smallest administrative unit in Rwanda
The National Child Labour Survey has covered children aged 5 to 17 years living in ordinary households countrywide.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| International Labour Office | International Organization | Technical support |
| United Nations Children's Fund | International Organization | Technical support |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund | Financial support |
| International Labour Office | Financial support |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mr. Yacouba Diallo | International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) | Data analysis and report writing |
| Mr. RUTERANA Baudouin Abdorf | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Data analysis and report writing |
| MURANGWA Yusuf | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Supervision of data analysis and report writing |
| Ministry of Public Service and Labour (MIFOTRA) | Government of Rwanda | Survey Preparation and implementation of the survey |
| Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC) | Government of Rwanda | Survey Preparation and implementation of the survey |
| Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) | Government of Rwanda | Survey Preparation and implementation of the survey |
| Ministry of Sports and Culture (MINISPOC) | Government of Rwanda | Survey Preparation and implementation of the survey |
| Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF) | Government of Rwanda | Survey Preparation and implementation of the survey |
| Private Sector Federation (PSF) | ||
| National Human Right Commission (NHRC) | ||
| National Demobilisation Commission | ||
| National Police | ||
| COSYLI | ||
| COTRAF | ||
| CESTRAR |
Sampling
The sample of the National Child Labour Survey is a stratified two-stage sampling. The primary sampling stage is a cluster which is constituted of one enumeration block (EB) as it was designed in 2002 Rwanda General Census of Population and Housing.
At first stage, enumeration areas constructed on the basis of the 2002 Rwanda General Census of Population and Housing served as sampling frame for the drawing of lots of a sample of 300 enumeration blocks or clusters with the distribution of 10 enumeration blocks per District. The drawing of lots has been carried out with a proportional probability to the size of each cluster. The size has been measured on the basis of the number of households having children aged 5 to 17 years that constitute each enumeration block, according to the 2002 Rwanda General Census of Population and Housing. To pick those households, one has considered the households which had children under 13 years old in 2002.
For the second stage where the sampling unit was a household, a household list was first updated in each EB selected at primary stage and then a constant number of households have been selected from the number of households that have children aged from 5 to 17 years, identified during households listing in each EB.
No deviation from the sapmling design.
The sample of the 2008-RNCLS initially comprised of 5,510 households. Following some non response cases, the number of households which were interviewed was lower than had been anticipated in the sample. Non-response cases were due to many reasons including the lack of household location, the change of location of a household, the absence of household 13 members for interview, etc. In total 5,085 households were visited and interviewed during the 2008-RNCLS, representing a response rate of 92.3%.
The weighting of the household is given by the inverse of the probability to select such household (probability products obtained at each sampling stage). Given that all the survey data were entered into computer, it was very easy to relate to a household a corresponding weighting.
Survey instrument
The questionnaire comprises of three main parts. The first part covers all household members and allows to collect general information on their socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities and on perceptions of parents or guardians of children about child labour.
While the second part is about household characteristics and allow to collect information on housing and accommodation.
The third part focuses only on children and provides information on their education and their working status. It also provides information on the health and welfare of children in employment as well as their safety in the workplace. The questionnaire is appended to this report.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2008-06-06 | 2008-07-09 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
In total, 90 people, among them 46 females and 44 males were recruited to collect data as part of the National Child Labour Survey in Rwanda. The recruitment was followed by the training of enumerators, which took place from 21st to 25th January 2008. The purpose of the training was to train field staff on the questionnaire and the methodology to be used once on the field.
The fist exercise consisted in contacting local authorities to whom team leaders and supervisors present survey objectives while requesting them to cooperate in the survey and sensitize the population. It also consisted in identifying EBs and households selected for interviews.
Before conducting the national child labour survey, a pilot survey was conducted from 15th to 18th October 2007.
That pilot survey had the following objectives:
- To test the consistency of questionnaires for adults and children;
- To test the understanding of questionnaires by enumerators and interviewees;
- To assess the time needed to fill each type of questionnaire;
- To verify the field utilisation of the instructions given in the manual of enumerators;
- To test the overall tool put in place for field data collection and data entry.
After a training of 6 days designed to provide introduction to interview techniques for enumerators, a technical team of fifteen people from different partner institutions were deployed to conduct field data collection.From 16th to 20th December 2007, a technical meeting of the pilot survey team was held to harmonise the questionnaire and finalise the different survey tools.
Data processing
The coding of the 2008-RNCLS questionnaires was carried out from 23rd to 29th, July 2008. Previously, a cross checking of filled questionnaires was done from the first filled questionnaires received and was pursued during the coding.
Data appraisal
A series of data quality tables and graphs are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:
- NUMBER OF ENUMERATION BLOCS AND HOUSEHOLDS SELECTED BY PROVINCE........................................................................................................................................................................11
- DISTRIBUTION OF SURVEYED POPULATION BY SEX AND AGE GROUP. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................14
- DISTRIBUTION OF SURVEYED POPULATION UNDER 18 YEARS OLD BY SEX AND AGE. ....................................................................................................................................................................16
- DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS (IN %) BY PROVINCE ACCORDING TO HOUSEHOLD SIZE ........ ...................................................................................................................................................17
- DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY ECONOMIC SECTORS OF HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD..................................................................................................................................................................18
- DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY PROVINCES ACCORDING TO WELFARE QUINTILE....................................................................................................................................................................19
- DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN AGED 5 - 17 YEARS BY STATUS OF ACTIVITY...........................................................................................................................................................................................22
- ACTIVITY STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED 5 - 17 YEARS BY SEX AND PROVINCE ...................................................................................................................................................................................23
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 7 - 17 YEARS ATTENDING SCHOOL ...................................................................................................................................................................25
- PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN INVOLVED IN HOUSEHOLD CHORES BY AGE, SEX AND PROVINCE ................................................................................................................................................25
- AVERAGE NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS IN HOUSEHOLD CHORES FOR CHILDREN AGED 7-17 YEARS BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND SSHOOL ATTENDANCE...................................29
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT AGED 5-17 YEARS BY SECTORS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND PROVINCE ……...................................................... 30
- DISTRIBUTION (IN %) OF CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT BY SECTORS OF ACTIVITY AND SEX ............................................................................................................................................................30
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT AGED 5-17 YEARS BY STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT....................................................................................................................31
- HOURS WORKED PER WEEK BY CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT BY STATUS OF ACTIVITY, SEX, AGE GROUP AND PROVINCE ...............................................................................................30
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILD LABOURERS AGED 5-17 YEARS BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND PROVINCE .....................................................................................................................34
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS CARRYING OUT HAZARDOUS WORK BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND PROVINCE ................................................................36
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILD LABOURERS AGED 5-17 YEARS BY BRANCHES OF ACTIVITIES, AGE GROUP, AND SEX......................................................................................38
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS INVOLVED IN HAZARDOUS WORK BY BRANCH OF ACTIVITIES, AGE GROUP, AND SEX..........................................40
- NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILD LABOURERS BY STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT............................................................................................................................................................................42
- WORKPLACE OF CHILD LABOURERS BY SEX AND AGE GROUP ................................................................................................................................................................................................................44
- WORKING TIME OF CHILD LABOURERS BY SEX, AGE GROUP, AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE............................................................................................................................................................46
- AVERAGE WEEKLY WORKING HOURS OF CHILD LABOURERS BY BRANCH OF ACTIVITY, PROVINCE, SEX AND AGE GROUP ...........................................................................................47
- SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF CHILD LABOURERS IN COMPARISON TO OTHER CHILDREN BY SEX, AGE AND PROVINCE. ..................................................................................................... 49
- AVERAGE WEEKLY WORKING HOURS AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF CHILD LABOURERS BY SEX AND AGE. ..................................................................................................................... 51
- SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RATE OF CHILD LABOURERS INVOLVED IN HOUSEHOLD............................................................................................................................................................................. 52
- MAIN REASONS CITED FOR LOW SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IN CHILD LABOURERS. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 54
- PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 5 - 17 YEARS WHO SUFFERED FROM SICKNESS OR INJURY BY ACTIVITIES STATUS .................................................................................................. 55
- DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD SIZE BY CHILDREN’S ACTIVITIES AND PROVINCE ... .......................................................................................................................................................................56
- DISTRIBUTION (IN %) OF CHILDREN BY ACTIVITIES, HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS AND PROVINCE................................................................................................................................... 57
- DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN (IN %) BY ACTIVITIES, PRESENCE OF ONE BIOLOGICAL PARENT IN HOUSEHOLD AND PROVINCE...................................................................................... 57
- DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN (IN %) BY ACTIVITIES, SEX OF THE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD AND PROVINCE............................................................................................................................... 58
- DISTRIBUTION (IN %) OF CHILDREN BY ACTIVITIES, MARITAL STATUS OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD AND PROVINCE.............................................................................................................. 59
- DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN (IN %) BY ACTIVITIES, ACTIVITIES OF HEAD OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD AND PROVINCE…………..........................................................................................61
- DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION BY PROVINCE OF RESIDENCE.......................................................................................................................................................................................................15
- DISTRIBUTION OF SURVEYED HOUSEHOLDS BY HEAD OF THE HOUSEHOLD GENDER ..................................................................................................................................................................17
- DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY WELFARE QUINTILES AND SEX OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD..................................................................................................................................................20
- TRENDS IN CHILDREN’S ACTIVITIES BY AGE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
- NUMBER OF CHILDREN WEEKLY WORKING HOURS BY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE STATUS ...............................................................................................................................................................26
- TRENDS IN RATES OF SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLD CHORES ...............................................................................................................................................................28
- HOUSEHOLD CHORES CARRIED OUT BY CHILDREN BY SEX ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................28
- CHILDREN’S SCHOOL ATTENDANCE BY ECONOMIC BRANCHES OF ACTIVITIES..................................................................................................................................................................................50
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | www.statistics.gov.rw | info@statistics.gov.rw |
The data provided by the survey will be useful not only for national and international stakeholders directly engaged in the fight against child labour but also for public administration, private sector, civil society, researchers and other experts and institutions interested in the issue.
"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Rwanda National Child Labour Survey 2008 (CLS 2008), v01, provided by the National Data Archive. http://microdata.statistics.gov.rw/index.php/catalog"
Disclaimer and copyrights
ILO and NISR shall not be liable in any way for any inaccuracy, error or omission, or any consequence inherent in the use of the 2008-RNCLS data.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The General Director | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | info@statistics.gov.rw | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Metadata production
DDI_RWA_2008_CLS_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistic of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Documentation of the DDI |
| Accelerated Data Program | International Household Survey Network | Review of the metadata |
2012-05-10
Metadata version
Version 02 (October 2013). Edited version based on Version 01 (2012) DDI (RWA-NISR-RNCLS-2008-v01) that was done by National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda and reviewed by Accelerated Data Program, International Household Survey Network.