| Table of contents |
Foreword i
Acknowledgment ii
Executive Summary iii
Prevalence of Disability iv
Profile and Experience of Children with Disability (0 - 14 years) vi
List of Tables xii
List of Figures xvi
List of Maps xvi
List of Annexes xvi
Chapter One 1
Geography, Population, Background and Methodology 1
1.1 Geography 1
1.2 Population 1
1.3 Background 1
1.4 Objectives of the Survey 4
1.5 Survey Questionnaires 4
1.6 Training of Field Staff 6
1.7 Fieldwork 6
1.7.1 Listing 6
1.7.2 Data Collection 6
1.8 Data Processing 7
1.9 Sampling Procedures 7
1.9.1 Sample Design 7
1.9.2 Sampling Frame 8
1.9.3 Sample Size for EAs, Households and Individuals 8
1.9.4 Selection Procedure 8
1.9.5 Sample Implementation 9
1.9.6 Calculation of Sampling Weights 9
1.10 Identification of Adults and Children with Disabilities 9
Chapter Two 10
Characteristics of the Population Survey 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Household Demographic Structure 10
2.3 Heads of Households 12
2.4 Survival of Parents 12
2.5 Marital Status 13
2.6 Literacy 14
2.7 Levels of Education Attained 16
2.8 School Attendance 19
2.9 Reasons for Not Attending School 21
2.10 Communication 23
2.11 Other Household Characteristics 24
2.12 Source of Drinking Water 25
2.13 Distance to Nearest Market 27
2.14 Toilet Facilities 28
2.15 Building Materials 29
2.16 Durable Goods 31
2.17 Food Security 32
2.18 Land Ownership 35
2.19 The Use of Mosquito Nets. 36
2.20 Households' Sources of Income 38
2.21 Households' Sources of Energy 39
2.22 Summary of Household Characteristics 40
Chapter Three 41
Prevalence of Disability 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Regional Differentials 46
3.3 Disability by Broad Categories 47
3.4 Severity of Disability 47
3.5 Self Care and Participation 49
Chapter Four 50
Profile and Experience of Persons with Disability Aged 15 Years and Above 50
4.1 Introduction 50
4.2 The Impact of the Physical Environment and Attitudes of Others 50
4.3 Health and General Wellbeing 60
4.4 Sources of Income and Expenditure 71
4.5 Remittances and Expenditures 72
4.6 Accessibility of the Physical Environment 74
4.7 Need and Availability of Services 76
4.8 Transport Use 78
4.9 Education 80
4.10 Use of Assistive Devices 81
4.11 Provision of Assistance by Members of Household 82
4.12 Family and Social Inclusion 83
4.13 Conclusion 88
Chapter Five 89
Profile and Experience of Children with Disability (0 - 14 years) 89
5.1 Types of Difficulties Faced by Children with Disabilities 89
5.2 Cause of Difficulties or Health Problems 90
5.3 Age of Onset of Difficulties 91
5.4 Care Giving for Children with Disabilities 92
5.5 Education 96
5.6 Accessibility of Public Places 99
5.7 Usage of Assistive Devices by Children with Disabilities 100
5.8 Attitudes Towards Parents and Caretakers 101
Chapter Six 103
Discussion and Recommendations 103
6.1 Introduction 103
6.2 Identification of People with Difficulties in Tanzania 104
6.3 Life Experiences of People with Disabilities 105
6.3.1 'Disabled' vs 'Non-disabled' Households 106
6.3.2 Individual Experiences of Disabled Adults and Children 107
6.4 Conclusion 111
6.5 Recommendations 112
Chapter Seven 113
Recommendations on using the data from the Tanzania Disability Survey 2008 113
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Percentage Distribution of Households by the Usual Number of Members, Household Size, Disability Status of Households Members and Residence 11
Table 2.2: Percentage Distribution of Household Members by Disability Status, Age Group and Sex, Tanzania 11
Table 2.3: Percentage Distribution of Head of Household by Sex, Disability status and Residence 12
Table 2.4: Percentage Distribution of Population Less Than 18 Years by Survival of Parents, Disability and Background Characteristics 13
Table 2.5: Percentage Distribution of Population (15 Years and Above) by Marital Status, Sex, Disability Status, and Residence 14
Table 2.6: Percentage Distribution of Population (15 Years and Above) by Literacy, Sex, Disability Status, and Residence 15
Table 2.7: Percentage Distribution of Population (5 Years and above) by Highest Level of Education Attained, Sex, Disability .Status, and Residence 17
Table 2.8: Percentage Distribution of Children Attending School by Single Years of Age, Sex, Disability Status and Residence 20
Table 2.9: Percentage Distribution of Children (Aged 7-16) Not Attending School by Reason, Sex, Disability Status, and Residence 22
Table 2.10: Percentage Distribution of Population (15 Years and above) by Mobile Phone Ownership, Residence and Sex 24
Table 2.11: Percentage Distribution of Households by Residence, Use of Electricity, Savings Accounts and Mosquito Nets 25
Table 2.12: Percentage Distribution of Households by Residence and Source of Water for Drinking 27
Table 2.13: Percentage Distributions of Households by Residence, Rural /Urban to the Nearest Market 28
Table 2.14: Percentage Distribution of Households by Residence, Rural/Urban and Type of Toilet Facility 28
Table 2.15: Percentage Distribution of Households by Residence, Rural/Urban Type of Building Materials and Number of Rooms per Household 30
Table 2.16: Percentage Distribution of Households by Possession Durable Goods and Residence 31
Table 2.17: Percentage of Households by Residence, Rural/Urban by Usual Meals per Day, Frequency of Consuming Meat/Fish and Food Satisfaction Status 34
Table 2.18: Percentage Distributions of Households by Residence, Rural/Urban and Size (Acres) of Agricultural Land Owned 35
Table 2.19 Percentage Distributions of Households by Size of Agricultural Land Owned and Sex. 36
Table 2.20: Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Income and Residence 38
Table 2.21: Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Income, Disability Status, Sex of the Head and Residence 39
Table 2.22: Percentage Distribution of Households by Residence, Rural/Urban, and Main Source of Energy for Lighting/ Cooking 40
Table 3.1: Questions on Basic Activities Used to Determine Disability Status 42
Table 3.2: Population, Number and Percentage of Persons with Disabilities by Residence and Sex (All Ages) 43
Table 3.3: Population, Number and Percentage of Persons with Disabilities by Residence and Sex (7 Years and above) 43
Table 3.4: Percentage of Persons with Disabilities by Age Group, Sex and Residence (7 Years and Older) 44
Table 3.5: Population Aged 7 Years and Above by Level of Difficulty and Type of Disability 47
Table 3.6: Percentage of Persons with Disabilities Aged 7 Years and Above by Type of Difficulty, Residence, Rural/Urban and Sex 48
Table 4.1A: Percentage of Persons Age 15 Years and Above with Disabilities and Having Difficulties in Their Physical Environment or Attitude of Others by Level of Difficulty and Residence 52
Table 4.1B: Percentage of Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities and Having Difficulties in Their Physical Environment or Attitude of Other by Level of Difficulty, Residence and Sex 53
Table 4.2A: Percentage of Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities by Problem Experienced in the Last 12 Months and Residence 56
Table 4.2B: Percentage of Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities by Problem Experienced in the Last 12 Months, Residence and Sex 58
Table 4.3A: Percent Distribution of Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities Reporting Negative Life Events in the 12 Months Preceding the Survey by Type of Event and Residence 60
Table 4.3B: Percent Distribution of Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities Reporting Negative Life Events in the 12 Months Preceding the Survey by Type of Event, Sex and Residence 61
Table 4.4A: Percentage Distribution of Positive Life Events Experienced by Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities in the Last 12 months by Type of Event and Residence. 62
Table 4.4B: Percentage Distribution of Positive Life Events Experienced by Persons Aged 15 Years and Above with Disabilities in the Last 12 Months by Type of Event, Residence and Sex 62
Table 4.5: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities Aged 15 Years and Above by Various Feelings Experienced in the Past Month Prior to the Survey, Residence and Sex 64
Table 4.6A: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities Aged 15 Years and Above by Knowledge of Common Diseases and Residence 66
Table 4.6B: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities Aged 15 Years and Above by Knowledge of Common Diseases, Residence and Sex 67
Table 4.7A: Percentage of Persons with Disability by Cause of Difficulty or Health Problem and Residence 69
Table 4.7B: Percentage of Persons with Disability by Cause of Difficulty or Health Problem, Sex and Residence 70
Table 4.8: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities and Aged 15 Years and Above by Age the Difficulty Started and Residence 71
Table 4.9: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disability and Aged 15 Years and Above by Main Sources of Income Sex and Residence 72
Table 4.10: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities and Aged 15 Years and Above who were Receiving Remittances by Source, Sex and Residence 72
Table 4.11: Percentage of Persons with Disability Age d15 Years and Above by Main Things on Which Their Income was Spent, Sex and Residence 73
Table 4.12: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disability Aged 15 Years and Above by Decision Making on Spending their Income, Residence and Sex 73
Table 4.13: Percentage Distribution of Persons (Aged 15 Years and Above) by Physical Accessibility of Dwelling and Community Environment by Residence 75
Table 4.14 A:Percentage of Persons with Disability Aged (15 Years and Above) Who were Aware of the Service by Type of Service and Residence 76
Table 4.14B: Percentage of Persons with Disability (Age 15 Years and Above) Who were Aware of the Services and Type of Services Needed, Received and Residence. 77
Table 4.15A: Rural and Urban Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability by the Type of Transport Mainly Used, by Type of Service and by Residence 78
Table 4.15B: Rural Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability by the Type of Transport Mainly Used, by Type of Service and Residence 79
Table 4.15C: Urban Percentage of persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability by the Type of Transport Mainly Used, by Type of Service and by Residence 80
Table 4.16: Population and Percentage of Persons( Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability and Using Some Assistive Device by Sex; Tanzania 81
Table 4.17: Number and Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability and Using Assistive by Type of and Sex;. Tanzania 82
Table 4.18: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability Who were Provided Assistances by Members of Households and Location; Tanzania, 83
Table 4.19A: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability who were Involved in Different Aspects of Family and Social Life by Type of Activity; Tanzania 84
Table 4.19B: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability who were Involved in Different Aspects of Family and Social Life by Type of Activity; Tanzania Zanzibar 85
Table 4.20A: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability Who Make Important Decisions Concerning their Lives, Sex and Residence; Tanzania. 86
Table 4.20B: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability Who Make Important Decisions Concerning their Lives by Location (Rural - Urban), Tanzania 86
Table 4.21A: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 years and Above) with Disability by Marital Status, Sex and Location; Tanzania 87
Table 4.21B: Percentage of Persons (Age 15 Years and Above) with Disability by Marital Status, Sex and Residence (Rural/Urban) 87
Table 4.22: Percentage of Persons with Disability and (Age 15 Years and Above Who Were in a Relationship with a Disabled Person by Sex. 88
Table 5.1: Distribution of Persons Aged 0-14 Years Having Difficulties or Health Problems by Type of Difficulty and Residence 90
Table 5.2: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities and Aged 0-14Years by Cause of Difficulty, Sex and Residence 91
Table 5.3: Percentage of Persons with Disability and Aged 0-14 years by Age the Difficulty Started, Sex and Residence 92
Table 5.4: Percentage of Persons with Disability and Aged 0-14 Years for Whom Caregivers Were Aware of the Services by Type of Service Needed, Received and Residence 94
Table 5.5: Percentage of Persons with Disability and Aged 0-14 Years for Whom Caregivers Were Aware of the Service s by type of Service Needed, Received and Residence (Rural/Urban) 95
Table 5.6: Percentage of Disabled Children Aged 4 - 14 Years and Attending School by Residence, Sex and Age in Single Years 96
Table 5.7: Percentage of Schools Attended by Disabled Children Aged 3 - 14 Years by Residence and Type of School 97
Table 5.8: Percentage of Disabled Children Aged 4 - 14 Years Who were Refused Entry into a School Because of heir Disabilities by Residence, Sex and Type of School 98
Table 5.9: Percentage of Disabled Children Aged 0 - 14 Years by Residence and Accessibility of Selected Public Places 99
Table 5.10: Percentage of Disabled Children Aged 0 - 14 Years by Residence, Sex and Usage of Assistive Devices 100
Table 5.11: Percentage of Disabled Children Aged 0 - 14 Years and Using Assistive Devices by Residence, Sex and Type of Device in Use 101
Table 5.12: Percentage Distribution of Disabled Children Aged 0 - 14 Years by the Community's Perception Towards Such Parents and Their Frequency; Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar 102
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: The ICF Model of Disability 2
Figure 2.1: Type of Literacy (15 Years and Older) 16
Figure 2.2: Levels of Education Attained by Persons Aged 5 Years and Above 18
Figure 2.3: School Attendances by Age 21
Figure 2.4: Reasons for not Attending School Among Persons with Disabilities (7-16 Years). 23
Figure 2.5: Population That Slept under the Mosquito Treated Nets by Residence 37
Figure 2.6: Population That Slept under the Mosquito Treated Nets by Sex and Residence. 37
Figure 3.1: Age -Sex Structure of Persons with Disabilities (7 Years and Older) 45
Figure 3.2: Severity of Difficulty by Type of Disability 47
Figure 3.3: Overall Prevalence of Disability by Type of Difficulty and Sex (7+ ages) 49
Figure 5.1A: Persons Responsible for giving Care to Disabled Children in Tanzania (Disabled Population 0 - 14 Years) 92
Figure 5.1 B: Persons Responsible for Giving Care to Disabled Children in Zanzibar (Disabled Population 0 - 14 years) 93
Figure 5.2: Percentage of Persons with Disability Aged 0-14 Years for Whom Caregivers Were Aware of the Services by Type of Service Needed, Received and Residence; Tanzania 95
Figure 5.3: Percentage of Children with Disability Aged 4-14 Who Were Refused Entry into a Schools or Pre-Schools Because of Their Difficulties 98
List of Maps
Map 3.1: Percent Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by Region 46
List of Annexes
Annex I: Sampling Procedures 118
Annex II: Number of Selected and Interviewed EAs by Region, Urban and Rural 122
Annex III: Survey Questionnaires 123
Annex IV: Understanding and Interpreting Disability as Measured using the WG Short Set of Questions 172 |
