| Table of contents |
Foreword (i)
List of Tables (viii)
List of Figures (xiii)
List of Abbreviations (xvi)
Executive Summary (xvii)
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW ON ZAMBIA
1.0. Introduction 1
1.1. Land and the People 1
1.2. Politics and Administration 1
1.3. Developments in the Zambian Economy 1
1.4. Development in the Social Sectors 2
CHAPTER 2: SURVEY BACKGROUND AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
2.1. Survey Background 3
2.2. Poverty Monitoring Framework 3
2.3 Justification and Objectives of the LCMSIII (IS) Survey 3
2.4. Scope of the LCMSIII Survey 4
2.5. Sample Design and Coverage 5
2.5.1 Sample Stratification and Allocation 5
2.5.2 Sample Selection 5
2.5.3 Selection of Standard Enumeration Areas (SEAs) 6
2.5.4 Selection of Households 6
2.6. Data Collection 7
2.6.1 Administration of the Household Expenditure Diaries 7
2.7. Estimation Procedure 8
2.7.1 Sample weights 8
2.7.2 Estimation Process 9
2.8. Data Processing and Analysis 9
CHAPTER 3: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS 10
CHAPTER 4: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION
4.0. Introduction 13
4.1. Population Size and Distribution 13
4.2. Marital Status 16
4.3. Distribution of Households and Average Household Size 17
4.3.1. Age of Household Head 18
4.3.2. Female Headed Households 19
4.3.3. Poverty and Household Size 19
4.4. Relationship to Household Head 20
4.5. Prevalence of Deaths in the Household 20
4.6. Causes of Death 21
4.7 Prevalence of Orphan-hood 23
4.7.1. Poverty and Orphan-hood 25
4.8. School Attendance of Orphans 25
4.9. Disability 26
4.10. Summary 27
CHAPTER 5: MIGRATION
5.1 Introduction 29
5.2 Levels of Migration 29
5.2.1 Individual Migration 29
5.2.2. Household Migration 32
5.3 Direction of Migration 33
5.4 Reasons for Migrating 34
5.5. Summary 34
CHAPTER 6: EDUCATION
6.1. Introduction 35
6.2. School Attendance 35
6.3. Gross Attendance Rates 38
6.4. Net Attendance Rates 39
6.5. Type of School Attending 41
6.6. Level of Education of the Population 41
6.7. Reasons for leaving/never attending School 42
6.8. Summary 43
CHAPTER 7: HEALTH
7.0. Introduction 44
7.1. Prevalence of Illness 44
7.2. Most Common Symptoms/Illness 46
7.3. Health Consultation 49
7.3.1. Institution visited 51
7.3.2. Personnel Consulted 52
7.3.3. Mode of Payment for Consultation 53
7.3.4. Average amount paid for Consultation/Medication 54
7.4. Summary 54
CHAPTER 8: ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE POPULATION
8.1. Introduction 56
8.2. Concepts and Definitions 56
8.2.1. The Economically Active Population (or Labour Force) 56
8.2.2. Labour Force Participation Rate 56
8.2.3. The Employed Population 56
8.2.4. Employment Status 57
8.2.5. Unemployed Population 57
8.2.6.Unemployment Rate 57
8.2.7. Inactive Population 57
8.3. Economic Activity Status 58
8.3.1 Labour Force Participation Rates 59
8.3.2 Unemployment Rates 60
8.4 Employment Status, Industry and Occupation of Employed Persons 63
8.4.1 Distribution of Employed Persons by Industry 63
8.4.2 Distribution of the Employed Persons by Occupation 64
8.4.3 Distribution of the Employed Persons by Employment Status 65
8.5. Informal Sector Employment 66
8.6 Secondary Jobs 69
8.7. Proportion of Persons Changing Jobs 71
8.7.1 Reason for changing jobs 71
8.8 Income Generating Activities among Persons Presently Unemployed or Inactive 72
8.9 Summary 73
CHAPTER 9: CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-FARM ENTERPRISES
9.0. Introduction 74
9.1. Basic Characteristics of Non-farm Enterprises 74
9.1.1. Ownership of Non-farm Enterprises 74
9.1.2. Non-farm Enterprises by Type of Activity 74
9.1.3.Period of Operation 75
9.1.4. Major Constraints in Establishing the Enterprise 76
9.1.5. Main Source of Capital for Setting up Enterprise 76
9.1.6. Main Source of Credit 77
9.2. Summary 78
CHAPTER 10: HOUSEHOLD FOOD PRODUCTION
10.1. Introduction 79
10.2. The Extent of Agricultural Production 79
10.2.1.Agricultural Households 79
10.2.2.Food Crop Growing Agricultural Households 81
10.2.3. Other Staple Food 81
10.2.4. Other Food Crops 83
10.3. Ownership of Livestock 84
10.4. Ownership of Poultry 86
10.5. Summary 88
CHAPTER 11: HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND ASSETS
11.0. Introduction 89
11.1. Definitions 89
11.2. Distribution of Households by Income Group, Residence, Poverty Status, Stratum and Province, 2003 90
11.3. Distribution of Household Income by Sex, Age and Educational Level of Household Head, 2002-2003 93
11.4. Mean Per Capita Income by Sex of Head, Residence, Stratum, and Province, 2003 94
11.5 Income Distribution By Residence and Per Capita Income Deciles; Lorenz Curves and Gini coefficient; 2002-2003 95
11.6. Household Income by Source, Residence, Stratum, and Province; 2002-2003 97
11.7. Household Ownership of Assets by Type of Asset and Sex of Household Head; 2002-2003 98
11.8. Summary 99
CHAPTER 12: HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
12.0. Introduction 102
12.1. Average Monthly Household Expenditure 103
12.2. Household Expenditure on Food and Non Food 103
12.3. Percentage Share of Household Food Expenditure 104
12.4. Percentage share of household Budget on Non Food Expenditure 106
12.5. Percentage share of own Produce Food Consumed 107
CHAPTER 13: POVERTY ANALYSIS
13.0 Introduction 109
13.1 Data Requirements for Money-Metric poverty Analysis 109
13.2 Constructing Relevant Consumption Aggregates 110
13.3 Adjusting for Differences in Cost of Living 110
13.4 Adjusting for Differences in Household Size and Composition 112
13.5 Construction of the Food basket 112
13.6 Determination of the Absolute Poverty Lines 113
13.7 Estimates of Poverty 114
13.8 Incidence of Poverty among Individuals by location and Provinces 115
13.9 Incidence of Poverty among Individuals by Stratum 116
13.10 Incidence of Poverty among Individuals by Survey Quarter 117
13.11 Intensity of Poverty among Individuals 117
13.12 Perception of Poverty 119
13.13 Reasons for Household Poverty 120
13.14 Household welfare Comparisons 121
13.15 Average Number of Meals in a Day and Required Household Monthly Income 123
13.16. Household Coping Strategies 124
13.17 Summary 125
CHAPTER 14: HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES AND ACCESS TO FACILITIES
14.0. Introduction 127
14.1. Housing Characteristics 127
14.1.1. Type of Dwelling 127
14.1.2. Construction materials of roofs, walls and floors 129
14.2. Tenancy Status of Dwelling 132
14.3. Household Amenities 133
14.3.1. Source of Drinking Water During The Wet Season 133
14.3.2. Sources of Drinking Water during the Dry Season 134
14.3.3. Treatment/Boiling of Drinking Water during the Wet and Dry Season 135
14.3.4. Sources of Lighting Energy 136
14.2.5. Sources of Cooking Energy 137
14.3.6. Type of Cooking Devices 138
14.3.7.Garbage Disposal 139
14.3.8.Toilet facilities 140
14.4. Access to Facilities 141
14.4.1. Proximity to facilities 141
14.4.2. Walking time to facilities 142
14.4.3.Reason for not using facilities 143
14.4.4.Reasons for not using facilities 144
14.5. Summary 146
CHAPTER 15: CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION
15.0. Introduction 148
15.1. Child Feeding Practices 148
15.1.1. Breast Feeding and Supplements 148
15.1.2. Frequency of Feeding on Solid Foods 150
15.2. Immunization 151
15.3. Child Nutritional Status 153
15.4 Summary 156
References 157
Composition of the Zambian Food Basket 2002 –2003 158
List of Personnel who took part on the Living Conditions Monitoring Survey 159
Diary of Consumption and Expenditure 165
Household Questionnaire Part 1 167 |
