| Table of contents |
Foreword i
Acknowledgements iii
Table of Contents iv
Map of Maldives with tsunami impact markings viii
Statistical Profile x
List of Tables xiii
List of Figures xv
Executive Summary xix
Incomes and poverty xix
Disparities and inequalities xx
Education and Health xx
Infant mortality and life expectancy xxi
Housing and urbanization xxi
Food security and nutrition xxi
Physical infrastructure xxi
Transport and communication xxii
Employment xxii
Consumer durables xxii
Gender xxii
Environment xxii
Human vulnerability index xxiii
Follow up xxiii
PART 1
The Development Context 25
Chapter 1
25 Years of Development 27
And then came the tsunami 28
The second Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 29
Chapter 2
The survey 31
Survey methodology 31
Data entry, editing and processing 33
Limitations 34
Chapter 3
Using the Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 35
Using the CD-ROM 36
PART 2
Main Results of The Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 37
Chapter 4
Income poverty 39
Concepts 39
Population dynamics 42
Income levels 42
Income levels by region 43
Measuring income poverty 44
Income inequality 48
Income poverty dynamics 50
Policy implications 52
Chapter 5
Physical infrastructure 53
Access to electricity 53
Inter-atoll and inter-island transport 54
Communications infrastructure and facilities 57
Policy implications 59
Chapter 6
Social infrastructure 61
Educational infrastructure and services 61
Health Infrastructure and Services 67
Infant mortality and life expectancy at birth 70
Reasons for mortality decline and its pattern 72
Discrepancies in reported levels of mortality between different sources 73
Evidence from VPA-1 AND VPA-2 DATA 75
Evidence from CENSUS 2000 DATA 77
Availability of Drinking Water 79
Recreation and Sport 83
Consumer durables 84
Policy implications 86
Chapter 7
Housing and environment 87
Environment 89
Policy implications 92
Chapter 8
Food security and nutrition 93
Food Insecurity 93
Nutrition 94
Chapter 9
Employment 97
Labour force, employment and unemployment 97
Chapter 10
Gender 109
Education and literacy 109
Marriage and divorce 109
Female-headed households 109
Nutrition 110
Access to productive employment 110
Women's priorities 112
Chapter 11
The human vulnerability index 113
HVI weighting system 113
Chapter 12
Poverty dynamics 115
The datasets 115
Methodology and approach 116
Main findings of the static analysis 117
Main findings of the dynamic analysis 119
PART 3
Atlas of Vulnerability and Poverty in Maldives 123
PART 4
Technical Notes 157
Technical Note 1:
The Measurement of Vulnerability and Poverty 159
1. The Theory of Poverty Dominance 159
2. Empirical Application to Maldives 163
Technical Note 2:
Estimates of Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality 165
1. Qualities of different data sources and methods 165
2. Procedure to Directly Measure the IMR from Census 2000 Data 167
3. The Brass Technique for Indirectly Estimating Child Mortality 170
4. Procedure of Estimating IMR and E(0) from VPA-2 Data 172
5. Procedure of Estimating IMR and 3(0) from Census 2000 Data 188
Technical Note 3:
Sampling design 191
Background 191
Objectives of the survey 191
The frame 191
Sampling strategy 192
Sampling in atolls 192
1.1 Partial overlapping sample 193
1.2 Selection procedure 194
Sampling in Male' 195
Estimation weight 196
How representative is the VPA sampling 196
Annex 2: Substitution procedure 199
Annex 1: List of selected blocks in Male by wards 200
Annex 3: Estimation weights for Atolls 201
Technical Note 4:
VPA Estimation procedure 205
Estimation of total and mean 205
Estimation of the standard error 206
Standard error of poverty indices 207
Technical Note 5:
Panel Analysis 209
A5.1 Analysis Performed 209
A5.2 Methodology and Approach 210
A5.3 Main Findings 212
A5.4 Conclusions 220
PART 5
Statistical Annex 223 |
