{"type":"survey","doc_desc":{"title":"TON_2009_ES_v01_M_WB","idno":"DDI_TON_2009_ES_v01_M_WB","producers":[{"name":"Antonina Redko","abbreviation":"","affiliation":"","role":""}],"version_statement":{"version":"Version 01"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"TON_2009_ES_v01_M_WB","title":"Enterprise Survey 2009","alt_title":"ES 2009"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliation":""}],"production_statement":{"funding_agencies":[{"name":"World Bank","abbreviation":"","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"","affiliation":"","email":"enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org ","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Enterprise Survey [en\/oth]","series_info":"An Enterprise Survey is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted every three to four years across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies.  Data are used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.\n\nThe Enterprise Survey initiative includes two types of surveys: Enterprise Surveys and Indicator Surveys. This study is an Indicator Survey. An Indicator Survey, which is similar to an Enterprise Survey, is implemented for smaller economies where the sampling strategies inherent in an Enterprise Survey are often not applicable due to the limited universe of firms. The survey instrument is limited to just those questions which form the basis of the global indicators as presented on the Enterprise Surveys website https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org."},"study_info":{"abstract":"This research is an Indicator Survey conducted in Tonga from April 27 to Sept. 30, 2009, as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative. An Indicator Survey, which is similar to an Enterprise Survey, is implemented for smaller economies where the sampling strategies inherent in an Enterprise Survey are often not applicable due to the limited universe of firms.\n\nThe objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. \n\nQuestionnaire topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, land and permits, taxation, business-government relations, and performance measures.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2009-04","end":"2009-09","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Tonga","abbreviation":"TON"}],"geog_coverage":"National","geog_unit":"Regions covered are selected based on the number of establishments, contribution to employment, and value added. In most cases these regions are metropolitan areas and reflect the largest centers of economic activity in a country.","analysis_unit":"The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.","universe":"The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"Mrs. 'Ofa-Ki-Levuka Louise Guttenbeil-Likiliki Nuku'alofa, Tonga","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""}],"sampling_procedure":"The sample for Tonga was selected using stratified random sampling. Two levels of stratification were used in this country: industry and establishment size. \n\nIndustry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into manufacturing industries, and one services sector. \n\nSize stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal\/casual\/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture. \n\nRegional stratification did not take place as only the main island of Tongatapu where the capital of Nuku'alofa is located. Tongatapu is also the largest island of Tonga's three island groups and is the home of the majority of the formal business community for the country. \n\nDue to limited data sources available in Tonga on registered businesses, the final sample frame was obtained from a combined dataset obtained from the Tonga National Statistics Office. The list provided by the NSO was limited to including information on the sector and location of enterprises, with no details on the number of employees. Therefore, original sample counts were not able to be stratified by enterprise size. The modified sample frame was used to select the sample of establishments for the full survey. This database contained the following information: \n-Name of the firm \n-Contact details \n-Location \n-ISIC code. \n\nGiven the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 42% (139 out of 333 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: Manufacturing - 78, Services - 72.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"The current survey instruments are available:\n- Services Questionnaire\n- Manufacturing Questionnaire\n- Screener Questionnaire. \n\nThe Services Questionnaire is administered to the establishments in the services sector. The Manufacturing Questionnaire is built upon the Services Questionnaire and adds specific questions relevant to manufacturing. \n\nThe standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country\u2019s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents\u2019 opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.","coll_situation":"Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization\/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.\n\nThe Enterprise Surveys are usually implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a screener questionnaire is applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview takes place with the Manager\/Owner\/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent calls company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.\n\nAll Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.","act_min":"Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in \"Description of Tonga Implementation 2009\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder.","weight":"For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights. Three sets of assumptions were considered:\n\na- Strict assumption: eligible establishments are only those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility. \n\nb- Median assumption: eligible establishments are those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility and those that rejected the screener questionnaire or an answering machine or fax was the only response. Median weights are used for computing indicators on the www.enterprisesurveys.org.\n\nc- Weak assumption: in addition to the establishments included in points a and b, all establishments for which it was not possible to finalize a contact are assumed eligible. This includes establishments with dead or out of service phone lines, establishments that never answered the phone, and establishments with incorrect addresses for which it was impossible to find a new address. Note that under the weak assumption only observed non-eligible units are excluded from universe projections.","cleaning_operations":"Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in \"Description of Tonga Implementation 2009\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Where necessary please site the source as \"Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\"","conditions":"Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org \n\nFirm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the firm-level data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on \"External users register here\" at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/Portal","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}},"data_files":[{"file_id":"F1","file_name":"Tonga 2009-full data-","description":"The file contains the cleaned, raw database.","case_count":"150","var_count":"189","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null}],"variables":[{"vid":"V1","name":"idstd","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"1","var_end_pos":"6","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"WEB STD FIRMID","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"440801","max":"441076"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"Unique ID for each observation","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V2","name":"id","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"7","var_end_pos":"9","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Interview number","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"330"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"},{"value":"1","type":"min"},{"value":"448","type":"max"},{"value":"89.993","type":"mean"},{"value":"74.144","type":"stdev"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V3","name":"a0","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"10","var_end_pos":"10","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"a.0 questionnaire","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Questionnaire used in the interview. 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Time face to face interview begins","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"11020091020","max":"241220091420"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"0","type":"vald"},{"value":"150","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V23","name":"a14d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"91","var_end_pos":"92","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"day","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Date face-to-face interview begins: \nDay (dd)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"30"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V24","name":"a14m","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"93","var_end_pos":"94","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"month","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Date face-to-face interview begins: \nMonth (mm)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"12"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"79","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"13","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V25","name":"a14y","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"95","var_end_pos":"98","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"year","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Date face-to-face interview begins: \nYear (yyyy)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"2008","max":"2009"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"2009","labl":"2009","stats":"150","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V26","name":"a14h","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"99","var_end_pos":"100","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hour","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Time face-to-face interview begins: \nHour (00 to 23)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"7","max":"17"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V27","name":"a14min","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"101","var_end_pos":"102","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"minutes","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Time face-to-face interview begins: \nMinutes (00 to 59)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"0","max":"59"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V28","name":"b1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"103","var_end_pos":"104","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what is this firm's current legal status?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING. The goal of this survey is to gather information and opinions about the investment climate in this country. Ultimately, the information gathered here will help to develop new policies and programs that enhance employment and economic growth. The information obtained here will be held in the strictest confidentiality. Neither your name nor the name of your business will be used in any document based on this survey.\n2) READ OUT THE FOLLOWING INTRODUCTORY SENTENCE ONLY IF A7 = 1 (yes): The first few questions apply to the firm which your establishment is part of. \n3) SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is this firm\u2018s current legal status?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is 3 then SKIP TO B.2","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A firm's legal status is information well known for the target respondent: CEO, General Manager or owner of the firm.\nENUMERATORS DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE DEFINITION OF EACH TYPE OF LEGAL STATUS.\n\nA firm's legal status is first determined by whether participation on ownership is by shares (first 2 options) or not (options 3 and 4). The fifth option is a combination of the previous ones. \n\nIf a firm's shares are publicly traded, it is a shareholding company with shares traded in the stock market. If the shares are not traded or they are traded only privately it is a shareholding company with shares traded privately. A shareholding company with shares traded privately is a firm that is owned by partners or shareholders for whom their claims over the firm are not publicly traded. They may or may not be traded privately. In both of these categories firms have limited liability.\n\nA sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual natural person. A natural person is a real human being, as opposed to an artificial legal entity such as a corporation or organization that the law treats for some purposes as if it were a person distinct from its members or owner(s).\n\nA firm's legal status defines the extent of the liability which defines the level of responsibility of the owner over the firm's obligations. Under limited liability each owner is only responsible for the proportion of his\/her shares.\n\nA partnership allows two or more people to share profits and liabilities, with or without privately held shares. In a partnership, the parties could be individuals, corporations, trusts, other partnerships, or a combination of all of the above. The essential characteristic of this partnership is the unlimited liability of every partner.\n\nLimited partnership is a legal form that includes one or several general partners and one or more limited partners who invest capital into the partnership, but do not take part in the daily operation or management of the business. The limited partners limit their amount of liability to the amount of capital invested in the partnership. The general partners personally shoulder all debts and obligations of the partnership. Business operations are governed, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement, by majority vote of voting partners. Limited liability partnerships are separate legal entities that provide liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. \n\nCooperatives and state owned firms should be designated as Other. When other is chosen, the actual form of legal status must be specified in writing by the enumerator on the survey instrument.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Shareholding company with shares trade in the stock market","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Shareholding company with non-traded shares or shares traded privately","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Sole proprietorship","stats":"91","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Partnership","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Limited partnership","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Other","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V29","name":"b1x","file_id":"F1","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"105","var_end_pos":"154","var_width":"50","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b1x.other (specify)","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is this firm's current legal status? \nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A firm's legal status is information well known for the target respondent: CEO, General Manager or owner of the firm.\nENUMERATORS DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE DEFINITION OF EACH TYPE OF LEGAL STATUS.\n\nA firm's legal status is first determined by whether participation on ownership is by shares (first 2 options) or not (options 3 and 4). The fifth option is a combination of the previous ones. \n\nIf a firm's shares are publicly traded, it is a shareholding company with shares traded in the stock market. If the shares are not traded or they are traded only privately it is a shareholding company with shares traded privately. A shareholding company with shares traded privately is a firm that is owned by partners or shareholders for whom their claims over the firm are not publicly traded. They may or may not be traded privately. In both of these categories firms have limited liability.\n\nA sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual natural person. A natural person is a real human being, as opposed to an artificial legal entity such as a corporation or organization that the law treats for some purposes as if it were a person distinct from its members or owner(s).\n\nA firm's legal status defines the extent of the liability which defines the level of responsibility of the owner over the firm's obligations. Under limited liability each owner is only responsible for the proportion of his\/her shares.\n\nA partnership allows two or more people to share profits and liabilities, with or without privately held shares. In a partnership, the parties could be individuals, corporations, trusts, other partnerships, or a combination of all of the above. The essential characteristic of this partnership is the unlimited liability of every partner.\n\nLimited partnership is a legal form that includes one or several general partners and one or more limited partners who invest capital into the partnership, but do not take part in the daily operation or management of the business. The limited partners limit their amount of liability to the amount of capital invested in the partnership. The general partners personally shoulder all debts and obligations of the partnership. Business operations are governed, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement, by majority vote of voting partners. Limited liability partnerships are separate legal entities that provide liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. \n\nCooperatives and state owned firms should be designated as Other. When other is chosen, the actual form of legal status must be specified in writing by the enumerator on the survey instrument.","var_sumstat":[{"value":"0","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V30","name":"b3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"155","var_end_pos":"157","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what percentage of this firm does the largest owner(s) own?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm does the largest owner or owners own?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"59","type":"vald"},{"value":"91","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"55","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"62","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"72","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"75","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"85","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"91","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V31","name":"b2a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"158","var_end_pos":"160","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2a private domestic individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following:\t\nPrivate domestic individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"75","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"85","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"123","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V32","name":"b2b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"161","var_end_pos":"163","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2b private foreign individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following:  \t\nPrivate foreign individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"124","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"75","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V33","name":"b2c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"164","var_end_pos":"165","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2c government\/state","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following: \t\nGovernment\/State","var_qstn_postqtxt":"IF 100% TERMINATE","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"75"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"148","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"55","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V34","name":"b2d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"166","var_end_pos":"168","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2d other","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following: \nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"145","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V35","name":"b4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"169","var_end_pos":"170","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"B4. 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Please include all employees and managers","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The number of permanent, full-time employees for the time that the enterprise began operations should be provided. All employees and managers (including respondent) should be included.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"1992"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't 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year was this establishment formally registered?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In what year was this establishment formally registered?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: PROVIDE FOUR DIGITS FOR YEAR.","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Year of registration refers to the year in which the establishment completed the registration as explained in B.6a.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2007"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Never 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B.7 refers to years of Top Manager's managerial experience in the type of sector in which the establishment presently operates.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"52"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Less than 1 year","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"11","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"13","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"14","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"16","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"17","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"34","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"38","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V41","name":"EAb7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"187","var_end_pos":"188","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"EAB7. What is the Top Manager's highest completed level of education?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is the Top Manager's highest completed level of education?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"7"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"149","type":"vald"},{"value":"1","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't Know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"No Education","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Primary School","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Secondary School","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Vocational Training","stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"University degree","stats":"35","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Graduate degree from a university in this country","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"Graduate degree from a university abroad","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V42","name":"b8","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"189","var_end_pos":"190","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does establishment have an internationally-recognized quality certification?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Does this establishment have an internationally-recognized quality certification?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: If there is need for clarification, some examples are: ISO 9000, 9002 or 14000","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The question refers exclusively to internationally recognized certifications. Examples are: ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for manufacturing and services, HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) for food (especially, but not exclusively, for seafood and juices), and AATCC (American Association of Textiles Chemists and Colorists) for textiles.\nCertificates granted only nationally not recognized in international markets are not included.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"-6","labl":"Still in process","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"108","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V43","name":"c3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"191","var_end_pos":"192","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"applied to obtain an electrical connection submitted over the last two years?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING. Now, we turn to the establishment's operations in fiscal year [insert last complete fiscal year].","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last two years, did this establishment submit an application to obtain an electrical connection?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION C.6","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Application for electrical connection. \nElectrical connection refers to a new connection or to an increase in voltage of an existing connection that requires an application.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Dont's know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"128","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V44","name":"c4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"193","var_end_pos":"195","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how many days did it take for you to receive an electrical connection service?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for an electrical connection, approximately how many days did it take to obtain it from the day of the application to the day the service was received?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Wait for electrical connection. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"365"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"129","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-6","labl":"Still in process","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-5","labl":"Application denied","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Less than 1 day","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"14","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"129","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V45","name":"c5","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"196","var_end_pos":"197","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"informal gift\/payment expected or requested for an electrical connection?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for an electrical connection, was an informal gift or payment expected or requested?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Bribe for electrical connection. Self-explanatory\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"129","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Dont's know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"REF","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"129","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V46","name":"c6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"198","var_end_pos":"199","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"over fiscal year 2008, did this establishment experience power outages?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, did this establishment experience power outages?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know GO TO QUESTION C.10","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A power outage occurs when there is equipment malfunction from the failure of adequate supply of power. Blackouts that cause some, but not all equipment to malfunction are also considered power outages.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Dont's know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"144","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"6","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V47","name":"c7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"200","var_end_pos":"201","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"number of power outages experienced in a typical month in last fiscal year","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In a typical month, over fiscal year 2008, how many power outages did this establishment experience?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"IF 0, GO TO QUESTION C.10","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"If power outages are seasonal the interviewer should ask the respondent to calculate the number of outages in a typical month, excluding both the months in which outages are most frequent and the months where outages are most infrequent. \nThe concept of a typical month must be well understood since it is used several times throughout the questionnaire: it is the most common type of month in the year regarding the characteristic being asked. 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The respondent should be asked to exclude months when water insufficiencies are rare or months when water insufficiencies are extreme from the calculation. 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Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. 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It does not include time spent on transportation to reach the point of entry. \n\nAverage number of days to clear customs. Prompt respondent to think of various shipments destined to the establishment that originated from abroad, and to estimate an average of the time it took when the shipment arrived to the country's point of entry to the time the establishment was allowed to claim them and begin domestic transport.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"45"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"90","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Less than one hour","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"90","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V79","name":"d30a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"334","var_end_pos":"335","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstcle is: transportation of goods, supplies, and inputs?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is transport No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Does not apply","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No obstacle","stats":"48","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Minor obstacle","stats":"52","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Moderate obstacle","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Major obstacle","stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Very severe obstacle","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V80","name":"d30b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"336","var_end_pos":"337","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is: customs and trade regulations?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Are customs and trade regulations No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Does not apply","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No obstacle","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Minor obstacle","stats":"66","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Moderate obstacle","stats":"50","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Major obstacle","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Very severe obstacle","stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V81","name":"e6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"338","var_end_pos":"339","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"do you use technology licensed from a foreign-owned company?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Does this establishment at present use technology licensed from a foreign-owned company, excluding office software?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Technology licensed from a foreign owned company: it measures access to foreign technology. The license may be held by the establishment's parent company. The answer is \u201cno\u201d if the establishment uses foreign technology without a license or a formal agreement.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"76","type":"vald"},{"value":"74","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"50","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"74","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V82","name":"e11","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"340","var_end_pos":"341","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment compete against unregistered or informal firms?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Does this establishment compete against unregistered or informal firms?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Competition from unregistered or informal firms \n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"123","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"20","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V83","name":"e30","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"342","var_end_pos":"343","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle are the informal sector competitors to your operations?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Are practices of competitors in the informal sector No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarificaton can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Does not apply","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No obstacle","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Minor obstacle","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Moderate obstacle","stats":"62","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Major obstacle","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Very severe obstacle","stats":"16","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V84","name":"g2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"344","var_end_pos":"345","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"applic. to obtain a construction-related permit submitted over the last 2 years","var_qstn_qstnlit":"More specifically, over the last two years, did this establishment submit an application to obtain a construction-related permit?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION G.30","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Application for construction permit. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"33","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"116","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V85","name":"g3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"346","var_end_pos":"348","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how many days did it take for you to obtain a construction-related permit?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for a construction-related permit, approximately how many days did it take to obtain it from the day of the application to the day the permit was granted?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Waiting time for construction permit. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"720"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"33","type":"vald"},{"value":"117","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-6","labl":"Still in process","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-5","labl":"Application denied","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Less than one day","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"14","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"18","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"21","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"117","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V86","name":"g4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"349","var_end_pos":"350","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"informal gift\/payment expected or requested for a construction-related permit","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for a construction-related permit, was an informal gift or payment expected or requested?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Bribe for construction permit. Self-explanatory\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"33","type":"vald"},{"value":"117","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"REF","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"117","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V87","name":"g30a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"351","var_end_pos":"352","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is access to land to the operations of this firm?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is access to land No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Does not apply","stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No obstacle","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Minor obstacle","stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Moderate obstacle","stats":"40","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Major obstacle","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Very severe obstacle","stats":"4","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V88","name":"i1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"353","var_end_pos":"354","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in fiscal year 2008, did this establishment pay for security?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING: We now turn to another topic.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, did this establishment pay for security, for example equipment, personnel, or professional security services?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION I.3","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Pay for security. 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Examples include machinery\/equipment, land, buildings, building improvements, etc.  \n\nThe source of funds for these purchases may be diverse, so it is important for the enumerator to make sure that the various sources do add up to 100%.  \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"62","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"65","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V114","name":"k5hdj","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"441","var_end_pos":"443","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"other (moneylenders, friends, relatives, bonds, commercial papers etc)","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources: \t\nOther (moneylenders, friends, relatives, bonds, commercial papers etc)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"80"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"61","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V115","name":"k6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"444","var_end_pos":"445","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment have a checking and\\or saving account?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Now let's talk about the establishment's current situation. At this time, does this establishment have a checking or savings account?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Checking\/ savings account. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"150","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V116","name":"k7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"446","var_end_pos":"447","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"at this time, does this establishment have an overdraft facility?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At this time, does this establishment have an overdraft facility?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"An overdraft facility is a flexible account that allows firms to draw upon in the event their account balance becomes negative.  The firm will incur fees or are subject to interest payments if they exercise this option.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"67","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"81","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V117","name":"k8","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"448","var_end_pos":"449","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment have a line of credit or loan from a financial inst.?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At this time, does this establishment have a line of credit or a loan from a financial institution?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION K.16","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A line of credit is an available amount of credit that the establishment can draw upon or leave untapped. Lines of credit usually carry monthly interest rates, and are repaid quickly (as soon as the establishment's cash flow allows for repayment).  They may or may not have a defined date of expiration.\n\nA loan is generally a much less flexible form of finance. It comes in fixed amounts (rather than ranges), carry annual interest rates (either fixed or floating), and they carry a determined term to maturity (finite period for repayment).","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"82","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"68","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V118","name":"k9","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"450","var_end_pos":"451","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of financial institution that granted the line of credit or loan","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring to the most recent line of credit or loan, what type of financial institution granted this loan? \nPrivate commercial banks \t\nState-owned banks or government agency \t \t\nNon-bank financial institutions which include microfinance institutions, credit cooperatives, credit unions, or finance companies \t\t\nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Institutions that granted loan. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"82","type":"vald"},{"value":"68","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Private commercial banks","stats":"67","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"State-owned banks or government agency","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Non-bank financial institutions","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Other","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"68","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V119","name":"k10","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"452","var_end_pos":"455","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in what year was the most recent line of credit or loan approved?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent line of credit or loan, in what year was the most recent line of credit or loan approved?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"INTERVIEWER: PROVIDE FOUR DIGITS FOR YEAR","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2008"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"82","type":"vald"},{"value":"68","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"1999","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2002","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2003","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2004","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2005","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"2006","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"2007","labl":null,"stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"2008","labl":null,"stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"2009","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"68","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V120","name":"k11","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"456","var_end_pos":"463","var_width":"8","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"for the most recent loan, what was the value at the time of approval?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what was its value at the time of approval?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Value of the loan. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"50000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"82","type":"vald"},{"value":"68","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"REF","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3500","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5000","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"7000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"12000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"13000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"16500","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"18000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"30000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"35000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"40000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"50000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"55000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"57000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"59000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"62000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"65000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"82000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"85000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"115000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"120000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"125000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"150000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"200000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"220000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"250000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"324000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"350000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"365000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"400000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"450000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"497000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"500000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1270000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1500000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"68","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V121","name":"k13","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"464","var_end_pos":"465","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"financing required for the most recent line of credit or loan","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, did the financing require collateral?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION K.16","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"82","type":"vald"},{"value":"68","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"78","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"68","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V122","name":"k14a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"466","var_end_pos":"467","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? land, buildings","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: READ OUT","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? Land, buildings under ownership of the establishment","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"51","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V123","name":"k14b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"468","var_end_pos":"469","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? equipment","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nMachinery and equipment including movables","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"47","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V124","name":"k14c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"470","var_end_pos":"471","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? accounts","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nAccounts receivable and inventories","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"43","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V125","name":"k14d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"472","var_end_pos":"473","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? personal assets","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nPersonal assets of owner (house, etc.)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"45","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V126","name":"k14e","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"474","var_end_pos":"475","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? other","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nOther forms of collateral not included in the categories above","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"40","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V127","name":"k15a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"476","var_end_pos":"485","var_width":"10","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"approx. collateral needed as % of the loan value \\ value of the line of credit","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent line of credit or loan, what was the approximate value of the collateral required?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4000000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"72","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"5000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"13000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"15000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"19000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"45000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"65000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"68000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80000","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"90000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"170000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"200000","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"220000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"222000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"250000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"298000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"300000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"400000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"500000","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"650000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"730000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"800000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1000000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V128","name":"k16","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"486","var_end_pos":"487","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in last fiscal yr, did establishment apply for new loans\/lines of credit?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring again to the last fiscal year 2008, did this establishment apply for any loans or lines of credit?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Apply for new loans in last year. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"123","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V129","name":"k17","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"488","var_end_pos":"489","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"main reason for not applying for new loans or new lines of credit","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What was the main reason why this establishment did not apply for any line of credit or loan in fiscal year 2008? \t\nNo need for a loan - establishment has sufficient capital \t\t\nApplication procedures for loans or lines of credit are complex \t\nInterest rates are not favorable \t\t\nCollateral requirements are too high \t\t\nSize of loan and maturity are insufficient \t\nIt is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans \t\t\nDid not think it would be approved \t\nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Reasons for not applying for loan last year. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"8"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"123","type":"vald"},{"value":"27","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"No need for a loan - establishment has sufficient capital","stats":"46","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Application procedures for loans or lines of credit are complex","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Interest rates are not favorable","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Collateral requirements are too high","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Size of loan and maturity are insufficient","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Did not think it would be approved","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"Other","stats":"45","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"27","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V130","name":"k21","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"490","var_end_pos":"491","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"financial statements checked & certified by external auditor in last fiscal yr?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, did this establishment have its annual financial statements checked and certified by an external auditor?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Certification of financial statements by external auditor. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"76","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"72","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V131","name":"k30","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"492","var_end_pos":"493","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is: access to finance","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is access to finance, which includes availability and cost, interest rates, fees and collateral requirements, No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Does not apply","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No obstacle","stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Minor obstacle","stats":"57","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Moderate obstacle","stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Major obstacle","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Very severe obstacle","stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V132","name":"h7a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"494","var_end_pos":"495","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING: \nThe following questions assess how establishments, such as this one, deal with government officials and their agencies. \n2) SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"I am going to read some statements that describe the courts system and how it could affect business. For each statement, please tell me if you Strongly disagree, Tend to disagree, Tend to agree, or Strongly agree. \t\n\"The court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted.\"","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Strongly disagree","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Tend to disagree","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Tend to argee","stats":"75","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Strongly agree","stats":"36","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V133","name":"j2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"496","var_end_pos":"497","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what % of senior management time was spent in dealing with govt regulations?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In a typical week over the last year, what percentage of total senior management's time was spent on dealing with requirements imposed by government regulations? [By senior management I mean managers, directors, and officers above direct supervisors of production\/sales workers. Some examples of government regulations are taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing and registration, including dealings with officials and completing forms]","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Percent of total senior management's time. Ask managers to estimate what percentage of their time senior managers spend dealing with government regulations, inspections, negotiations and other bureaucratic burden.  This is time that would otherwise be spent on business matters. It should not include time spent negotiating procurement contracts with the government - only time dealing with red tape and bureaucracy.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"70"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No time was spent","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"45","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"35","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"13","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"18","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V134","name":"j3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"498","var_end_pos":"499","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"over the last 12 months, was this establishment inspected by tax officials?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last year, was this establishment visited or inspected by tax officials?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION J.6a","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Visitations and inspections from tax inspectorate officials. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"37","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"112","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V135","name":"j4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"500","var_end_pos":"501","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"frequency of inspections\/requirement for meeting by tax officials","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last year, how many times was this establishment either inspected by tax officials or required to meet with them?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"15"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"37","type":"vald"},{"value":"113","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"113","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V136","name":"j5","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"502","var_end_pos":"503","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in any of these inspections was a gift or informal requested ?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In any of these inspections or meetings was a gift or informal payment expected or requested?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Bribes from tax inspectors. Self-explanatory\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"37","type":"vald"},{"value":"113","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"REF","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"113","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V137","name":"j6a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"504","var_end_pos":"505","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"government contract secured (or attempted) in the last 12 months?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last year, has this establishment secured or attempted to secure a government contract?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION J.7","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"39","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"111","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V138","name":"j6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"506","var_end_pos":"507","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"% of contract value av. firm pays in informal gifts to govt to secure contract?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"When establishments like this one do business with the government, what percent of the contract value would be typically paid in informal payments or gifts to secure the contract?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Percent of the contract value. The question is designed to get at the size of the unaudited or unreported payment that is made to a government officials that directly aided in granting a government contract, in part or in whole, or expanded the size of the contract to include the establishment's business. \n\nAgain, notice the wording (phrasing) of the question:  it asks for the respondent to answer for the \u201ctypical\u201d establishment, rather than the establishment being interviewed.\n\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"39","type":"vald"},{"value":"111","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"Refusal","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No payment","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"111","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V139","name":"j7a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"508","var_end_pos":"509","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"percent of total annual sales paid in informal payments","var_qstn_qstnlit":"It is said that establishments are sometimes required to make gifts or informal payments to public officials to \"get things done\" with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services etc. On average, what percent of total annual sales, or estimated total annual value, do establishments like this one pay in informal payments or gifts to public officials for this purpose? \t\nPercent of total annual sales paid as informal payment","var_qstn_postqtxt":"PROVIDE EITHER ONE OR THE OTHER, NOT BOTH","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Size of informal payments\/gifts Informal payments are payments made to government officials that are unaudited or unreported. They are generally given to an official with the expectation that a service will be performed (such as granting a business license), a violation overlooked (such as violation of health regulation), or because the official threatens the business. \n\nNotice the wording (phrasing) of the question: it asks for the respondent to answer for establishments \u201clike this one\u201d rather than the establishment being interviewed.\n\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"127","type":"vald"},{"value":"23","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"Refusal","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No payment","stats":"88","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"23","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V140","name":"j7b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"510","var_end_pos":"515","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"total annual informal payment","var_qstn_qstnlit":"It is said that establishments are sometimes required to make gifts or informal payments to public officials to \"get things done\" with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services etc. On average, what percent of total annual sales, or estimated total annual value, do establishments like this one pay in informal payments or gifts to public officials for this purpose? \t\nTotal annual informal payment","var_qstn_postqtxt":"PROVIDE EITHER ONE OR THE OTHER, NOT BOTH","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Size of informal payments\/gifts Informal payments are payments made to government officials that are unaudited or unreported. They are generally given to an official with the expectation that a service will be performed (such as granting a business license), a violation overlooked (such as violation of health regulation), or because the official threatens the business. \n\nNotice the wording (phrasing) of the question: it asks for the respondent to answer for establishments \u201clike this one\u201d rather than the establishment being interviewed.\n\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"400000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"23","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"Refusal","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"No 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