{"type":"survey","doc_desc":{"title":"TGO_2009_MS_v01_M_WB","idno":"DDI_TGO_2009_MS_v01_M_WB","producers":[{"name":"Antonina Redko","abbreviation":"","affiliation":"","role":""}],"version_statement":{"version":"Version 01"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"TGO_2009_MS_v01_M_WB","title":"Micro-Enterprise Survey 2009","alt_title":"MS 2009"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliation":""}],"oth_id":[{"name":"TNS Opinion","affiliation":"","email":"","role":"Assistance in survey coordination"},{"name":"Research & Marketing Services (RMS) - Ltd. Nigeria","affiliation":"","email":"","role":"Assistance in survey coordination"}],"production_statement":{"funding_agencies":[{"name":"World Bank","abbreviation":"","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"","affiliation":"","email":"enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org ","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Enterprise Survey [en\/oth]","series_info":"An Enterprise Survey is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies.  Data are used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.\n\nIn some countries, unregistered businesses and firms with a small number of employees make up a large part of the economy. Micro-Enterprise Surveys target registered establishments with one to four employees, while traditional Enterprise Surveys focus on businesses with five or more workers. Sampling techniques and questionnaires are similar for Micro-Enterprise and Enterprise Surveys."},"study_info":{"abstract":"This research of businesses with one to four employees was conducted in Togo from July 18 to Oct. 16, 2009, at the same time with 2009 Togo Enterprise Survey. Data from 145 manufacturing and services firms was analyzed. \n\nMicro-Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. The questionnaire also assesses the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2009-07","end":"2009-10","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Togo","abbreviation":"TGO"}],"geog_coverage":"National","geog_unit":"Regions covered are selected based on the number of establishments, contribution to employment, and value added. In most cases these regions are metropolitan areas and reflect the largest centers of economic activity in a country.","analysis_unit":"The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.","universe":"The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"RMS Ghana","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""}],"sampling_procedure":"Sampling techniques are similar for Enterprise and Micro-Enterprise surveys. \n\n150 registered establishments with one to four employees (micro) were targeted for interviews: 17 firms in manufacturing sector and 133 businesses in services sector. \n\nIn Enterprise and Micro-Enterprise surveys, the requirements for registration are defined on a country-by-country basis. In Togo, registered firms were defined as firms registered at the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Togo and the Societe d'administration de la Zone Franche Registers. \n\nThree frames were used for Togo: the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Togo 2007, the AGET (Association des Grandes Enterprises du Togo) 2009 list, and the SAZOF (Societe d'administration de la Zone franche) 2009 list. The three databases contained the following information:\n-Name of the firm\n-Contact details\n-ISIC code\n-Number of employees.\n\nThe enumerated establishments were then used as the frame for the selection of a sample with the aim of obtaining interviews. \n\nGiven the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 57.4% (619 out of 1,079 establishments for the ES and micro samples).","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"The current survey instruments are available:\n- Services Questionnaire\n- Manufacturing Questionnaire\n- Screener Questionnaire. \n\nThe Services Questionnaire is administered to the establishments in the services sector. The Manufacturing Questionnaire is built upon the Services Questionnaire and adds specific questions relevant to manufacturing. \n\nMicro-Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. The questionnaire also assesses the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.","coll_situation":"Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization\/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.\n\nThe Enterprise Surveys are usually implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a screener questionnaire is applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview takes place with the Manager\/Owner\/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent calls company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.\n\nAll Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.","act_min":"Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in \"Description of Togo Implementation 2009\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder.","weight":"For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights. Three sets of assumptions were considered:\n\na- Strict assumption: eligible establishments are only those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility. \n\nb- Median assumption: eligible establishments are those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility and those that rejected the screener questionnaire or an answering machine or fax was the only response. Median weights are used for computing indicators on the www.enterprisesurveys.org.\n\nc- Weak assumption: in addition to the establishments included in points a and b, all establishments for which it was not possible to finalize a contact are assumed eligible. This includes establishments with dead or out of service phone lines, establishments that never answered the phone, and establishments with incorrect addresses for which it was impossible to find a new address.  Note that under the weak assumption only observed non-eligible units are excluded from universe projections.","cleaning_operations":"Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"The Micro-Enterprise Surveys, along with all other surveys, suffer from both survey non-response and item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Different strategies were used to address these issues. \n\nSurvey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially sampled. When the survey frame was extracted from the sampling frame, several establishments with the same strata characteristics were randomly selected for each interview and each establishment was assigned a preference number. Substitutions of replacement establishments were made in order to help achieve targets on the number of interviews for each stratum. Extensive efforts were made to complete interviews with each first preference establishment before contact with a replacement establishment was allowed. At least four attempts were made to contact each sampled establishment for an interview at different times\/days of the week before a replacement establishment was allowed to be contacted for an interview. \n\nFor micro firms the number of contacted establishments per realized interview was 3.70. For each establishment eligible for an interview, 0.30 refused to participate. \n\nIn completed surveys, item non-response was addressed by two strategies: \na- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the \"Refusal to respond\" (-8) as a different option from \"Don't know\" (-9). \nb- Establishments with incomplete information on important questions including total sales, cost figures and employment levels were re-contacted in order to complete this information. However, re-contacts did not fully eliminate low response rates for some items. \n\nComplete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in \"Description of Togo Implementation 2009\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Where necessary please site the source as \"Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\"","conditions":"Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org \n\nFirm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on \"External users register here\" at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/Portal","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}},"data_files":[{"file_id":"F1","file_name":"Togo-2009-Micro-full data-","description":"The file contains the cleaned, raw database.","case_count":"145","var_count":"249","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null}],"variables":[{"vid":"V1","name":"idstd","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"1","var_end_pos":"6","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"WEB STD 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The essential characteristic of this partnership is the unlimited liability of every partner.\n\nLimited partnership is a legal form that includes one or several general partners and one or more limited partners who invest capital into the partnership, but do not take part in the daily operation or management of the business. The limited partners limit their amount of liability to the amount of capital invested in the partnership. The general partners personally shoulder all debts and obligations of the partnership. Business operations are governed, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement, by majority vote of voting partners. Limited liability partnerships are separate legal entities that provide liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. \n\nCooperatives and state owned firms should be designated as Other. 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If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"18","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"116","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V32","name":"b2b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"62","var_end_pos":"64","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2b private foreign individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following:  \t\nPrivate foreign individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"122","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"82","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"20","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V33","name":"b2c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"65","var_end_pos":"66","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2c government\/state","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following: \t\nGovernment\/State","var_qstn_postqtxt":"IF 100% TERMINATE","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"0"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"145","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V34","name":"b2d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"67","var_end_pos":"69","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2d other","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following: \nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"139","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V35","name":"b3a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"70","var_end_pos":"71","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"are the owners of the firm:","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Are the owners of the firm:","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is 1 or Don't know or Doesn't apply then GO TO QUESTION AFB4a","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"all men","stats":"93","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"majority are men","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"majority are women","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"all women","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"equally divided between  men and women","stats":"3","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V36","name":"b3b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"72","var_end_pos":"73","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"is the largest owner female?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is the largest owner female? \t\n(IF THERE ARE MULTIPLE LARGE OWNERS WITH THE SAME OWNERSHIP SHARE, PLEASE ANSWER WITH RESPECT TO THE PERSON MOST ACTIVE IN THE OPERATION OF THE FIRM )","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"41","type":"vald"},{"value":"104","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"104","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V37","name":"afb4a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"74","var_end_pos":"75","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what is the nationality of origin of the current largest owner?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is the nationality of the current largest owner?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"african (specify  afb4a1 [table 1]  )","stats":"130","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"indian","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"lebanese\/middle eastern","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"other asian (specify afb4a4 [table 4]  )","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"european\/caucasian","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"other","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V38","name":"afb4a1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"76","var_end_pos":"76","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"main african nationality","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is the nationality of the current largest owner? \nAfrican (specify)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"130","type":"vald"},{"value":"15","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"togo","stats":"129","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"marocco","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V39","name":"afb4a4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"77","var_end_pos":"77","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"main \u201cother asian\u201d nationality","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is the nationality of the current largest owner? \t\nOther Asian (specify)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"3","type":"vald"},{"value":"142","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"china","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"japan","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"142","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V40","name":"b3c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"78","var_end_pos":"79","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how did the largest owner acquire ownership of this firm?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How did the largest owner acquire ownership of this firm?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is other than 3 then GO TO QUESTION B3e","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"started the business on their own or with partners","stats":"139","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"purchased an existing business","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"joined an existing family business","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"joined an existing non family business","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"other (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V41","name":"b3d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"80","var_end_pos":"81","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"the family business was joined by:","var_qstn_qstnlit":"The family business was joined by","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"3"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"5","type":"vald"},{"value":"140","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"heritage","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"marriage","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"other","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"140","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V42","name":"b3e","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"82","var_end_pos":"83","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"which of the following best describes why the largest owner took over this firm?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Which of the following two options best describes why the largest owner started or took over this firm? \nTo take advantage of a business opportunity \t\t\nJobs or opportunities were absent or not satisfactory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"to take advantage of a business opportunity","stats":"112","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"jobs or opportunities were absent or not satisfactory","stats":"26","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V43","name":"tgb4a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"84","var_end_pos":"85","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"prior to start, was largest owner employed in same sector as current business?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"111","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"32","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V44","name":"tgb4b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"86","var_end_pos":"87","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what was the main source of start-up capital for this business?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"112","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V45","name":"b3f","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"88","var_end_pos":"89","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"involvement of the largest owner in decision making","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Which of the following best describes the largest owner's involvement in decision making in this firms?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is 1 then GO TO QUESTION B5","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"makes most decisions on his\/her own","stats":"88","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"makes decisions in consultation with other owners?","stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"delegates most decisions to other partners owners?","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"has appointed a manager(s) who make decision","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"a board of directors makes the decision","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"other","stats":"2","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V46","name":"b3fx","file_id":"F1","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"90","var_end_pos":"121","var_width":"32","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.3f other","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Which of the following best describes the largest owner's involvement in decision making in this firms? \t\nOther","var_sumstat":[{"value":"2","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"After consulting with the family","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Collaboration","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V47","name":"b5","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"122","var_end_pos":"125","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in what year did this establishment begin operations in this country?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"READ ONLY IF A7=1 (yes) \nI want to proceed by asking you about this establishment only.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In what year did this establishment begin operations?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: PROVIDE FOUR DIGITS FOR YEAR","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The objective of this question is to obtain the year in which operations started regardless of who was the owner at the time. \n\nThe year when the establishment began operation refers to the year in which the establishment actually started producing (or providing services), not to the year in which it was registered for the first time.  \n\nIf the establishment was privatized, then the date provided should refer to when the original government-owned establishment began operations.\n\nIf the establishment changed its production significantly to change sector classification, then the year when that took place should be provided.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2008"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1971","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1979","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1980","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1983","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1984","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1985","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1986","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1987","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1989","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1991","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1992","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1993","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1995","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1996","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"1998","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1999","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"2001","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2002","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2003","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2004","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"2005","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2006","labl":null,"stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"2007","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"2008","labl":null,"stats":"27","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V48","name":"b6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"126","var_end_pos":"127","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"number of full-time employees of the establishment when it started operations","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How many full-time employees did this establishment employ when it started operations? Please include all employees and managers","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The number of permanent, full-time employees for the time that the enterprise began operations should be provided. All employees and managers (including respondent) should be included.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"23"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not 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Examples are: ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for manufacturing and services, HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) for food (especially, but not exclusively, for seafood and juices), and AATCC (American Association of Textiles Chemists and Colorists) for textiles.\nCertificates granted only nationally not recognized in international markets are not included.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-6","labl":"still in 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Now, we turn to the establishment's operations in fiscal year [insert last complete fiscal year].","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last two years, did this establishment submit an application to obtain an electrical connection?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION C.6","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Application for electrical connection. \nElectrical connection refers to a new connection or to an increase in voltage of an existing connection that requires an application.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"129","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V67","name":"c4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"168","var_end_pos":"169","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how many days did it take for you to receive an electrical connection service?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for an electrical connection, approximately how many days did it take to obtain it from the day of the application to the day the service was received?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Wait for electrical connection. 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The purpose of this question is to determine the efficiency of customs in clearing goods for export.\n\nMain point of exit is the last domestic location (e.g. port, border crossing, airport, or internal custom) from which the goods leave the country. \nWhenever different ports of exit are used this question refers to the port where \u201cmost goods\u201d exit defined in terms of consignment value (not physical units).\n\nGoods cleared customs They refer to the time it takes to obtain all clearances required from the moment the goods arrived at their point of exit until the moment they satisfy the requirements of the clearance procedures at the customs office. This includes transit procedures.  \n\nAverage number of days to clear customs. Prompt the respondent to think of all shipments sent to the main point of exit and estimate an average time it took from the time the shipments arrived to the time they left that point of exit.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"30"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"14","type":"vald"},{"value":"131","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"less than one day","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"131","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V115","name":"afd5a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"344","var_end_pos":"345","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"total clearing costs for an average consignment as a % of consignment value","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Thinking of the main point of exit, in fiscal year 2008, what were the total clearing costs for an average consignment as a percent of the consignment value? In calculating the total clearing costs, please include things such as payments to clearing agents, storage fees, container handling fees, and gifts or informal payments to customs officials.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"-9"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"1","type":"vald"},{"value":"144","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"144","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V116","name":"d6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"346","var_end_pos":"347","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"2008 % cons. value of products exported directly lost in transit due to theft","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, what percent of the consignment value of the products exported directly was lost while in transit because of theft?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"10"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"14","type":"vald"},{"value":"131","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no losses","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"131","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V117","name":"d7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"348","var_end_pos":"349","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"2008 % cons. value products exported directly lost in transit due to break\/spoil","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, what percent of the consignment value of the products exported directly was lost while in transit because of breakage or spoilage?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"80"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"14","type":"vald"},{"value":"131","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no losses","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"131","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V118","name":"d8","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"350","var_end_pos":"353","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in what year did this establishment first export directly or indirectly?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In which year did this establishment first export directly or indirectly?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"First exported directly or indirectly. The purpose of this question is self-explanatory.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2009"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"31","type":"vald"},{"value":"114","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1996","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1998","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1999","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2001","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2004","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2005","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2006","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2007","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2008","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2009","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"114","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V119","name":"d12a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"354","var_end_pos":"356","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"% of material inputs and supplies of domestic origin in last fiscal year","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, as a proportion of all of the material inputs or supplies purchased that year, what percent of this establishment's material inputs or supplies were: \t\nMaterial inputs or supplies of domestic origin","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The purpose of this question is to determine from where the inputs for production are obtained and purchased. \n\nThe calculation is done as a percent of all purchases of supplies and inputs purchased by the establishment for the fiscal year.\n\nInputs are materials that go through a mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation that will ultimately make up some portion of the final good produced. Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. Pencils and writing paper are good examples of a supply. \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"9","type":"vald"},{"value":"136","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"136","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V120","name":"d12b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"357","var_end_pos":"358","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"% of material inputs and supplies of foreign origin in last fiscal year","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, as a proportion of all of the material inputs or supplies purchased that year, what percent of this establishment's material inputs or supplies were: \t\nMaterial inputs or supplies of foreign origin","var_qstn_postqtxt":"IF 0, GO TO QUESTION D.30","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The purpose of this question is to determine from where the inputs for production are obtained and purchased. \n\nThe calculation is done as a percent of all purchases of supplies and inputs purchased by the establishment for the fiscal year.\n\nInputs are materials that go through a mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation that will ultimately make up some portion of the final good produced. Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. Pencils and writing paper are good examples of a supply. \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"0"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"9","type":"vald"},{"value":"136","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"136","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V121","name":"d13","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"359","var_end_pos":"360","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"were any of these material inputs and supplies imported directly?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Were any of the material inputs or supplies purchased in fiscal year 2008, imported directly?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION D.30","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The purpose of this question is to determine if the establishment has any interaction with customs when importing inputs and other materials.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"0","type":"vald"},{"value":"145","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"145","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V122","name":"d14","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"361","var_end_pos":"362","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"av. no. days for imported goods to clear customs in last fiscal year","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, when this establishment imported material inputs or supplies, how many days did it take on average from the time these goods arrived to their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time these goods could be claimed from customs?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The purpose of these questions is to measure the efficiency of customs clearance of imports.\n  \nGoods cleared customs includes all clearances required from the moment the goods arrived at their point of entry (e.g., port, airport) until the moment they satisfy the requirement of the clearance procedures at the customs office and can be picked up.  It does not include time spent on transportation to reach the point of entry. \n\nAverage number of days to clear customs. Prompt respondent to think of various shipments destined to the establishment that originated from abroad, and to estimate an average of the time it took when the shipment arrived to the country's point of entry to the time the establishment was allowed to claim them and begin domestic transport.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"-9"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"0","type":"vald"},{"value":"145","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"145","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V123","name":"afd11a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"363","var_end_pos":"364","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in 2008, no. years you have known your primary supplier of your main input?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, for how many years have you known this establishment's primary supplier of its main input?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"8"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"9","type":"vald"},{"value":"136","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"less than one year","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"136","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V124","name":"afd11d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"365","var_end_pos":"366","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in 2008, did you subcontract any part of your production to other firms?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, did this establishment subcontract any part of its production to other firms?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"9","type":"vald"},{"value":"136","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"136","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V125","name":"d30a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"367","var_end_pos":"368","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstcle is: transportation of goods, supplies, and inputs?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is transport No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"43","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"38","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"17","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V126","name":"d30b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"369","var_end_pos":"370","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is: customs and trade regulations?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Are customs and trade regulations No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"48","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"24","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V127","name":"afe1a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"371","var_end_pos":"373","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"estimated local market share of your main product line, in fiscal year 2008.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Please estimate what is the local market share of this establishment's main product line, in fiscal year 2008.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"9","type":"vald"},{"value":"136","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"136","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V128","name":"e6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"374","var_end_pos":"375","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"do you use technology licensed from a foreign-owned company?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Does this establishment at present use technology licensed from a foreign-owned company, excluding office software?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Technology licensed from a foreign owned company: it measures access to foreign technology. The license may be held by the establishment's parent company. The answer is \u201cno\u201d if the establishment uses foreign technology without a license or a formal agreement.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"9","type":"vald"},{"value":"136","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"136","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V129","name":"e11","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"376","var_end_pos":"377","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment compete against unregistered or informal firms?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Does this establishment compete against unregistered or informal firms?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Competition from unregistered or informal firms \n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"105","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"18","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V130","name":"e30","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"378","var_end_pos":"379","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle are the informal sector competitors to your operations?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Are practices of competitors in the informal sector No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarificaton can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"39","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V131","name":"g2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"380","var_end_pos":"381","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"applic. to obtain a construction-related permit submitted over the last 2 years","var_qstn_qstnlit":"More specifically, over the last two years, did this establishment submit an application to obtain a construction-related permit?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION G.30","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Application for construction permit. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"143","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V132","name":"g3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"382","var_end_pos":"384","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how many days did it take for you to obtain a construction-related permit?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for a construction-related permit, approximately how many days did it take to obtain it from the day of the application to the day the permit was granted?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Waiting time for construction permit. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"330"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"1","type":"vald"},{"value":"144","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-6","labl":"still in process","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-5","labl":"application denied","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"less than one day","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"330","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"144","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V133","name":"g4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"385","var_end_pos":"386","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"informal gift\/payment expected or requested for a construction-related permit","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for a construction-related permit, was an informal gift or payment expected or requested?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Bribe for construction permit. Self-explanatory\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"1","type":"vald"},{"value":"144","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"ref (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"144","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V134","name":"g30a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"387","var_end_pos":"388","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is access to land to the operations of this firm?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is access to land No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"69","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"7","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V135","name":"i1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"389","var_end_pos":"390","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in fiscal year 2006, did this establishment pay for security?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING: We now turn to another topic.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, did this establishment pay for security, for example equipment, personnel, or professional security services?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION I.3","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Pay for security. 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Computer hardware should be considered under equipment\n\nLand, buildings is the annual investment in land, buildings and structures used directly or indirectly by this establishment to produce goods and services. \n\nIncluded are expenditures for new and used structures (including those under construction at the end of last complete fiscal year), fixtures and equipment, additions, major alterations and improvements to existing facilities, and capitalized repairs.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"25000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"52000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"74000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"110000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"150000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"200000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"220000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"250000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"300000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"400000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"600000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"634000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"700000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"850000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1000000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1200000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1500000","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000000","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2200000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2500000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2600000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2750000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3000000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"3100000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4000000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"4600000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5000000","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"7000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"15000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"17000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"18000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V155","name":"n5b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"456","var_end_pos":"463","var_width":"8","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"total annual expenditure for purchases of land and buildings in last fiscal yr","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, how much did this establishment spend on purchases of: \t\nLand and buildings","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The category machinery, vehicles and equipment is the annual investment of anything used directly by this establishment to produce. Vehicles include transport and loading and unloading vehicles. It should include not only the purchase cost but also all other costs involved in the investment such as transport of the item and installation cost. Computer hardware should be considered under equipment\n\nLand, buildings is the annual investment in land, buildings and structures used directly or indirectly by this establishment to produce goods and services. \n\nIncluded are expenditures for new and used structures (including those under construction at the end of last complete fiscal year), fixtures and equipment, additions, major alterations and improvements to existing facilities, and capitalized repairs.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"25000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"49","type":"freq"},{"value":"500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"15000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V156","name":"k5a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"464","var_end_pos":"466","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"% of fixed assets funded by internal funds\\ retained earnings in last fiscal yr","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources? \t\nInternal funds or retained earnings","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Fixed assets include any indivisible purchase made by the establishment as described in K.4. Examples include machinery\/equipment, land, buildings, building improvements, etc.  \n\nThe source of funds for these purchases may be diverse, so it is important for the enumerator to make sure that the various sources do add up to 100%.  \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"68","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"48","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V157","name":"k5i","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"467","var_end_pos":"468","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"owners\u2019 contributions or issued new equity","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources? \t\nOwners' contribution or issued new equity shares","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Fixed assets include any indivisible purchase made by the establishment as described in K.4. Examples include machinery\/equipment, land, buildings, building improvements, etc.  \n\nThe source of funds for these purchases may be diverse, so it is important for the enumerator to make sure that the various sources do add up to 100%.  \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"0"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"58","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V158","name":"k5bc","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"469","var_end_pos":"471","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"borrowed from banks (private and state-owned)","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources? \t\nBorrowed from banks (private and state-owned)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"53","type":"freq"},{"value":"32","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V159","name":"k5e","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"472","var_end_pos":"473","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"borrowed from non-bank financial institutions","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources? \t\nBorrowed from non-bank financial institutions","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"50"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"57","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V160","name":"k5f","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"474","var_end_pos":"475","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"purchases on credit from suppliers and advances from customers","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources? \t\nPurchases on credit from suppliers and advances from customers","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Fixed assets include any indivisible purchase made by the establishment as described in K.4. Examples include machinery\/equipment, land, buildings, building improvements, etc.  \n\nThe source of funds for these purchases may be diverse, so it is important for the enumerator to make sure that the various sources do add up to 100%.  \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"0"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"58","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V161","name":"k5hdj","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"476","var_end_pos":"478","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"other (moneylenders, friends, relatives, bonds, commercial papers etc)","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over fiscal year 2008, please estimate the proportion of this establishment's total purchase of fixed assets that was financed from each of the following sources: \t\nOther (moneylenders, friends, relatives, bonds, commercial papers etc)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"60","type":"vald"},{"value":"85","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"75","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"85","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V162","name":"k6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"479","var_end_pos":"480","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment have a checking and\\or saving account?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Now let's talk about the establishment's current situation. At this time, does this establishment have a checking or savings account?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Checking\/ savings account. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"133","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V163","name":"k7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"481","var_end_pos":"482","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"at this time, does this establishment have an overdraft facility?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At this time, does this establishment have an overdraft facility?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"An overdraft facility is a flexible account that allows firms to draw upon in the event their account balance becomes negative.  The firm will incur fees or are subject to interest payments if they exercise this option.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"74","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"67","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V164","name":"k8","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"483","var_end_pos":"484","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment have a line of credit or loan from a financial inst.?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At this time, does this establishment have a line of credit or a loan from a financial institution?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION K.16","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A line of credit is an available amount of credit that the establishment can draw upon or leave untapped. Lines of credit usually carry monthly interest rates, and are repaid quickly (as soon as the establishment's cash flow allows for repayment).  They may or may not have a defined date of expiration.\n\nA loan is generally a much less flexible form of finance. It comes in fixed amounts (rather than ranges), carry annual interest rates (either fixed or floating), and they carry a determined term to maturity (finite period for repayment).","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"124","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V165","name":"k9","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"485","var_end_pos":"485","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of financial institution that granted the line of credit or loan","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring to the most recent line of credit or loan, what type of financial institution granted this loan?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Institutions that granted loan. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"3"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"124","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"124","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V166","name":"k10","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"486","var_end_pos":"489","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"referring only to this most recent line of credit or loan, when was it approved?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent line of credit or loan, in what year was the most recent line of credit or loan approved?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"INTERVIEWER: PROVIDE FOUR DIGITS FOR YEAR","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2009"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"124","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2006","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2007","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2008","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2009","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"124","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V167","name":"afk10a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"490","var_end_pos":"491","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what is the rate of interest of this most recent line of credit or loan?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is the rate of interest of this most recent [line of credit or loan]?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"29"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"124","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"11","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"13","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"14","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"16","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"17","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"18","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"22","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"24","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"29","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"124","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V168","name":"k11","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"492","var_end_pos":"499","var_width":"8","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"for the most recent loan, what was the value at the time of approval?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what was its value at the time of approval?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Value of the loan. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"65000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"124","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"ref (spontaneous)","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"270000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"600000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1250000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3500000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5000000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"6000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"17000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40055000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"65000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"124","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V169","name":"k13","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"500","var_end_pos":"501","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"financing required for the most recent line of credit or loan","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, did the financing require collateral?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION K.16","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"124","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"124","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V170","name":"k14a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"502","var_end_pos":"503","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? land, buildings","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: READ OUT","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? Land, buildings under ownership of the establishment","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"18","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V171","name":"k14b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"504","var_end_pos":"505","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? equipment","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nMachinery and equipment including movables","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"18","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V172","name":"k14c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"506","var_end_pos":"507","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? accounts","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nAccounts receivable and inventories","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"18","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V173","name":"k14d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"508","var_end_pos":"509","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? personal assets","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nPersonal assets of owner (house, etc.)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"18","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V174","name":"k14e","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"510","var_end_pos":"511","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? other","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \nOther forms of collateral not included in the categories above","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"18","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V175","name":"k15a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"512","var_end_pos":"520","var_width":"9","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"approx. collateral needed as % of the loan value \\ value of the line of credit","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent line of credit or loan, what was the approximate value of the collateral required?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"150000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"18","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"180000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6000000","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"9000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"150000000","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V176","name":"k16","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"521","var_end_pos":"522","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in last fiscal yr, did establishment apply for new loans\/lines of credit?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring again to the last fiscal year 2008, did this establishment apply for any loans or lines of credit?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Apply for new loans in last year. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"119","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V177","name":"k17","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"523","var_end_pos":"524","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"main reason for not applying for new loans or new lines of credit","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What was the main reason why this establishment did not apply for any line of credit or loan in fiscal year 2008? \t\nNo need for a loan - establishment has sufficient capital \t\t\nApplication procedures for loans or lines of credit are complex \t\nInterest rates are not favorable \t\t\nCollateral requirements are too high \t\t\nSize of loan and maturity are insufficient \t\nIt is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans \t\t\nDid not think it would be approved \t\nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Reasons for not applying for loan last year. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"7"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"119","type":"vald"},{"value":"26","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"no need for a loan - establishment has sufficient capital","stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"application procedures for loans or lines of credit are complex","stats":"34","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"interest rates are not favorable","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"collateral requirements are too high","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"size of loan and maturity are insufficient","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"did not think it would be approved","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"other","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"26","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V178","name":"k21","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"525","var_end_pos":"526","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"financial statements checked & certified by external auditor in last fiscal yr?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2008, did this establishment have its annual financial statements checked and certified by an external auditor?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Certification of financial statements by external auditor. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"39","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"104","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V179","name":"k30","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"527","var_end_pos":"528","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is: access to finance","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is access to finance, which includes availability and cost, interest rates, fees and collateral requirements, No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"do not know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"40","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"49","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V180","name":"h7a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"529","var_end_pos":"530","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"'the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted'","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING: \nThe following questions assess how establishments, such as this one, deal with government officials and their agencies. \n2) SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"I am going to read some statements that describe the courts system and how it could affect business. For each statement, please tell me if you Strongly disagree, Tend to disagree, Tend to agree, or Strongly agree. \t\n\"The court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted.\"","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"42","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"strongly disagree","stats":"65","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"tend to disagree","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"tend to agree","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"strongly agree","stats":"8","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V181","name":"j2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"531","var_end_pos":"532","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what % of senior management time was spent in dealing with govt regulations?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In a typical week over the last year, what percentage of total senior management's time was spent on dealing with requirements imposed by government regulations? [By senior management I mean managers, directors, and officers above direct supervisors of production\/sales workers. Some examples of government regulations are taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing and registration, including dealings with officials and completing forms]","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Percent of total senior management's time. Ask managers to estimate what percentage of their time senior managers spend dealing with government regulations, inspections, negotiations and other bureaucratic burden.  This is time that would otherwise be spent on business matters. It should not include time spent negotiating procurement contracts with the government - only time dealing with red tape and bureaucracy.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"60"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"38","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no time was spent","stats":"80","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V182","name":"j3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"533","var_end_pos":"534","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"over the last 12 months, was this establishment inspected by tax officials?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last year, was this establishment visited or inspected by tax officials?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION J.6a","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Visitations and inspections from tax inspectorate officials. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"69","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"76","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V183","name":"j4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"535","var_end_pos":"536","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"frequency of inspections\/requirement for meeting by tax officials","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last year, how many times was this establishment either inspected by tax officials or required to meet with them?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"24"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"69","type":"vald"},{"value":"76","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"24","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"76","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V184","name":"j5","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"537","var_end_pos":"538","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in any of these inspections was a gift or informal requested ?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In any of these inspections or meetings was a gift or informal payment expected or requested?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Bribes from tax inspectors. Self-explanatory\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"69","type":"vald"},{"value":"76","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"ref (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"55","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"76","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V185","name":"j6a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"539","var_end_pos":"540","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"government contract secured (or attempted) in the last 12 months?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Over the last year, has this establishment secured or attempted to secure a government contract?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION J.7","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"115","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V186","name":"j6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"541","var_end_pos":"542","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"% of contract value av. firm pays in informal gifts to govt to secure contract?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"When establishments like this one do business with the government, what percent of the contract value would be typically paid in informal payments or gifts to secure the contract?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Percent of the contract value. 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you applied for an import license, was an informal gift requested?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to that application for an import license, was an informal gift or payment expected or requested?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Bribe for import license Self-explanatory\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"28","type":"vald"},{"value":"117","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"ref 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payment expected or requested?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"16","type":"vald"},{"value":"129","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know (spontaneous)","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"refusal (spontaneous)","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"129","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V195","name":"j30a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"566","var_end_pos":"567","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"obstacle to the current operations : tax rates","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) SHOW CARD\n2) ROTATE OPTIONS","var_qstn_qstnlit":"As I list some factors that can affect the current operations of a business, please look at this card and tell me if you think that each factor is No 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However his openness and willingness to be part of the survey has been helpful in getting acceptable","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The main concern of the respondent was that the VAT is reduced","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The manager of communication Africa News wishes that the World Bank subsidize financially sensitization project that aimed at changing the mentality of the Togolese population","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The manageress does not understand most of the questions","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The manageress expressed concerns about the economy of the country and called on the World Bank to do something to change the situation","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The person in charge of the company is an illiterate.This has made the interview very difficult, especially for questions that he alone can answer. Fortunately, though his accountant has been able to explain to him what was needed from him. In","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent affirmed that the result of their 2008 exercise run into deficit. But the interview went on well.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent answered all questions without any difficulty.And he wished that the interview contribute in changing something at the commerce levels.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent avail himself fully for the interview. He stopped every activity to devote his time to the interviews","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent did not see the importance for this study. And moreover he was very busy","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent does not have any idea of the financial of her tailoring shop. She does not keep books or have any system of accounting, keeping records of her financials.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent gave a lot of explanation on the functioning of his company. Only that there were a lot of estimates(that are not accurate)","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent gave answers based on the problems his company is facing. And he was clear and straight to the point.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent gave the information with a lot of suspicions and doubts","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent has answered all questions without any difficulty.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent has been frank in his answers","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent has been suspicious when it came to the turnover of the company. The respondent refused to disclose his company's turnover and total cost of labour.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent has been welcoming and open to the interview. He wish this type of interview is frequently organised because he said they ignore a lot of things(they do not have access to a lot of information)","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent is correct. He answered questions easily. He is reliable","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent is illiterate and it was difficult for him to understand certain questions","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent is the only one who has all the information concerning the company.Nonetheless he does not have an accurate view of the figures. Relating to questions requiring figures, he would observe a pause in order to calculate the approxim","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent received a lot of calls during the interview, but he always refer to the account books to get information for answers","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent refused to disclose information about the company finances for fear of been threatened by owner","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent took over his position not long ago. He does not have enough information. So the answers were not given with much precision.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent wanted to know what is his interest in this survey. She said that her business initially nothing but hairdressing saloon, but now because things are not moving the way the should, she added beauty products shop to it.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was about to leave for the funeral\/burial of the mother of his accountant,but as soon as I came he accorded me the time of the interview","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was afraid of giving the real figures abd for every question, he doubt\/hesitate before giving them even though I have assured him.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was an ECOWAS worker, so he answered with precision and does not hesitate in refering his documents to make sure that he was giving the correct information.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was available and open and willing. He answered the questions without hesitation. He is frustrated and angry with the government officials who he said are not facilitating the activities of economic operators","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was calm and gave the answers with assurance. She was satisfied about the interview and she calls for a prompt release of the results.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was hesistating before giving the figures of turnover. Everything seem ok, but everything suggests that the turnover she mentioned is less thatn the real figures","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was knowledgeable in his field of expertise. His only complain was the invasion of the local market with chinese products and this is forcing prices to go down. SOTOPA became top cosmetic, but the names has not changed in the reg","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was much distracted because he was receiving a lot of calls. Concerning his years of experience, I find him too young. In other words, I think he is exagerating in terms of his years of experience. Apart from this, all other info","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was not precise in his answers but was happy to answer our questions and participate in the survey","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was not suspicious about anything. He took his time and helped us to fill the questionnaire with precision. He always refers to account books to give real figures. He told us that 2008 was a beginning year. So they run into defic","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was receiving a lot of calls. This perturbed the course of the interviews.But aside this the interview went on smoothly","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was relax and willing to talk about his company. He prepared before the interview because all the official document were with him and ready. He shows them to me. He vividly wish that the present survey had a positive impact.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was relaxed and answered easily all questions. His answers appear to conform with the truth.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was reluctant to give figures and he clearly told us that he does not trust us a bit even after presenting all document to him","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was so busy, the interview was interrupted by so many calls.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was very busy.He received a lot of calls.However he gave the information. He thinks the World Bank is going to finance him.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was very open and willing. He would go to pick the account books to get the accurate figures if necessary","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was very suspicious about the figures for fear of being defrauded. He did not want to take part in the survey but later he decided to take it though not with precision","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was very suspicious of us and reluctant in talking about his financial statement or statement of account","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent was very suspicious of us. So much so that she was giving the correct figures.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent were suspicious about us and did not want to disclose the real figures. But they try to justify that by saying that they did not get anything officially as turnover at the beginning of their activity.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent were very suspicious and did not want to give the correct figures.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent work in the house for now. He is looking for a place to move the business to.That is the reason why the figures on turnover could not be reliable.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondent would like to have the results of the study later","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The respondents did not give accurate answers","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"There has been a lot of explanation and convincing before the respondent accepted to take part in the interview. Also inspite of our insistance he refused to disclose his turnover","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"There is a no fixed location for the establishment, the owner distributes the merchandises to clients retailers. She is arranging for a store\/place in the big marketing of Lome","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"There were a lot of calls received during the interview. But in general the interview went on smoothly.","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Too many telephone calls received during interview","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"We had to look for an assistant to do the interview","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V244","name":"a18","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"986","var_end_pos":"986","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"this questionnaire was completed in:","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SUPERVISORS PLEASE ANSWER","var_qstn_qstnlit":"This questionnaire was completed in: \t\nOne visit in face-to-face interview with one person \t\t \t\nOne visit in face-to-face interview with different managers\/staff \t\nSeveral visits","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is 1 then STOP HERE","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"121","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"24","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V245","name":"a19h","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"987","var_end_pos":"987","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"if option 2 or 3 in a.18, estimate duration of the whole interview: hours","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) SUPERVISORS PLEASE ANSWER\n2) If option 2 or 3 in A.18, estimate duration of the whole interview","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"0","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"121","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"121","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V246","name":"a19m","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"988","var_end_pos":"989","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"if option 2 or 3 in a.18, estimate duration of the whole interview:minutes","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"0","max":"58"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"121","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"31","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"47","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"52","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"53","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"55","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"58","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"121","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V247","name":"strictweights","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"990","var_end_pos":"1005","var_width":"16","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"strict weights","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"1.89350453910984"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights. \nStrict assumption: eligible establishments are only those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility.","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V248","name":"weakweights","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"1006","var_end_pos":"1021","var_width":"16","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"weak weights","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1.78888925339702","max":"4.17028297079082"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights. \nWeak assumption: in addition to the establishments included in strict and median assumptions, all establishments for which it was not possible to finalize a contact are assumed eligible. This includes establishments with dead or out of service phone lines, establishments that never answered the phone, and establishments with incorrect addresses for which it was impossible to find a new address. Note that under the weak assumption only observed non-eligible units are excluded from universe projections.","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V249","name":"medianweights","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"1022","var_end_pos":"1037","var_width":"16","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"median weights","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1.12883764586174","max":"2.41278533322944"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights. \nMedian assumption: eligible establishments are those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility and those that rejected the screener questionnaire or an answering machine or fax was the only response. Median weights are used for computing indicators on the www.enterprisesurveys.org","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"}],"variable_groups":[]}