DDI_WLD_2017_FINDEX_v03_M_WB Development Economics Data Group 2018-10-09 NADA DDI Document - Version 03 - (05/24/21) This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2017_FINDEX_v02_M_WB but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (October 2018) Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2017 FINDEX 2017 WLD_2017_FINDEX_v02_M Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit Gallup, Inc. NADA Development Research Group, World Bank The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Findex Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit Other Household Survey [hh/oth] In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world’s most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, the 2017 Global Findex database includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the internet to conduct financial transactions. This version differs from version 1 in that it includes one or both of the following additional variables from the questionnaire, that had been left out of version 1: - fin48 “Has a national ID” - mobileowner “Owns a mobile for personal calls” Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems. By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion. Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt, Arab Rep. El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hong Kong SAR, China Hungary India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Rep. Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao PDR Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan, China Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela, RB West Bank and Gaza Zambia Zimbabwe See Methodology document for country-specific geographic coverage details. The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. Observation data/ratings [obs] The Global Findex database provides more than 200 indicators on topics such as account ownership, payments, saving, credit, and financial resilience. Global Findex data is available for more than 140 countries around the world which make up 97% of the world's population. Data is available for 2017, 2014, and 2011. The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world’s population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks. In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer’s gender. In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day. Other [oth] The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request. Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held. Multiple: Face-to-face [f2f] Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi] Landline and cellular telephone Data weighting is used to ensure a nationally representative sample for each economy. Final weights consist of the base sampling weight, which corrects for unequal probability of selection based on household size, and the poststratification weight, which corrects for sampling and nonresponse error. Poststratification weights use economy-level population statistics on gender and age and, where reliable data are available, education or socioeconomic status. Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank. Ref: WLD_2017_FINDEX_v02_M. Accessed at [url] on [date] The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. micro_world 2017 Global Findex - World Microdata 154923 105 Economy Economy Economy Economy Economy 154923 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rep. Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt, Arab Rep. El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hong Kong SAR, China Hungary India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Rep. Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao PDR Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia, FYR Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan, China Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela, RB Vietnam West Bank and Gaza Zambia Zimbabwe Economy Code Economy Code Economy Code Economy Code Economy Code 154923 AFG ALB ARE ARG ARM AUS AUT AZE BEL BEN BFA BGD BGR BHR BIH BLR BOL BRA BWA CAF CAN CHE CHL CHN CIV CMR COD COG COL CRI CYP CZE DEU DNK DOM DZA ECU EGY ESP EST ETH FIN FRA GAB GBR GEO GHA GIN GRC GTM HKG HND HRV HTI HUN IDN IND IRL IRN IRQ ISR ITA JOR JPN KAZ KEN KGZ KHM KOR KWT LAO LBN LBR LBY LKA LSO LTU LUX LVA MAR MDA MDG MEX MKD MLI MLT MMR MNE MNG MOZ MRT MUS MWI MYS NAM NER NGA NIC NLD NOR NPL NZL PAK PAN PER PHL POL PRT PRY PSE ROU RUS RWA SAU SEN SGP SLE SLV SRB SSD SVK SVN SWE TCD TGO THA TJK TKM TTO TUN TUR TWN TZA UGA UKR URY USA UZB VEN VNM XKX ZAF ZMB ZWE Region, WB Region, WB Region, WB Region, WB Region, WB 153923 East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) High income: OECD High income: nonOECD Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) Population 15+, 2016, WDI Population 15+, 2016, WDI Population 15+, 2016, WDI Population 15+, 2016, WDI Population 15+, 2016, WDI 154923 373991.156 1134633728 Gallup World Poll identifier Gallup World Poll identifier Gallup World Poll identifier Gallup World Poll identifier Gallup World Poll identifier 154923 11111 211110934 Weight Weight Weight Weight Weight 154923 0.163 4.01 Respondent is female Respondent is female Respondent is female Respondent is female Respondent is female 154923 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Respondent age Respondent age Respondent age Respondent age Respondent age 154472 451 15 99 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99+ Sysmiss Respondent education level Respondent education level Respondent education level Respondent education level Respondent education level 154913 10 1 5 1 completed primary or less 2 secondary 3 completed tertiary or more 4 (dk) 5 (rf) Sysmiss Within-economy household income quintile Within-economy household income quintile Within-economy household income quintile Within-economy household income quintile Within-economy household income quintile 154923 1 5 1 Poorest 20% 2 Second 20% 3 Middle 20% 4 Fourth 20% 5 Richest 20% Respondent is in the workforce Respondent is in the workforce Respondent is in the workforce Respondent is in the workforce Respondent is in the workforce 153923 1000 1 out of workforce 1 in workforce Sysmiss Has a debit card Has a debit card Has a debit card Has a debit card Has a debit card A/An [local terminology for ATM/debit card] is a card connected to an account at a financial institution that allows you to withdraw money, and the money is taken out of THAT ACCOUNT right away. Do you, personally, have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card]? Yes or no? (If respondent has an account at a financial institution AND has a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] [code 1 in FIN1 AND code 1 in FIN2], Continue to FIN3) (If respondent has an account at a financial institution but does NOT have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] or says “don’t know” or refuses [code 1 in FIN1 AND code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2], Skip to FIN5) (If respondent does NOT have an account at a financial institution or says “don’t know” or refuses but DOES have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND code 1 in FIN2], Continue to FIN3) (If respondent does NOT have an account at a financial institution or says “don’t know” or refuses AND does NOT have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] or says “don’t know” or refuses [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2], Skip to FIN7) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If has debit card: card in own name If has debit card: card in own name If has debit card: card in own name If has debit card: card in own name If has debit card: card in own name Is this [local terminology for ATM/debit card] connected to an account with your name on it? DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN7) 69925 84998 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has debit card: used card in past 12 months If has debit card: used card in past 12 months If has debit card: used card in past 12 months If has debit card: used card in past 12 months If has debit card: used card in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you used your OWN [local terminology for ATM/debit card] DIRECTLY to make a purchase? 66146 88777 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, did you ever use a MOBILE PHONE or the Internet to make a payment, to buy something, or to send money FROM your account at a bank or another type of financial institution? 84150 70773 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you checked your account balance using a mobile phone or the Internet? 84150 70773 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Has a credit card Has a credit card Has a credit card Has a credit card Has a credit card A credit card is a card that allows you to BORROW money in order to make payments or buy things, and you can pay the balance off later. Do you, personally, have a credit card? No/DH/Refused > (Skip to Note after FIN8) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If has credit card: used card in past 12 months If has credit card: used card in past 12 months If has credit card: used card in past 12 months If has credit card: used card in past 12 months If has credit card: used card in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used your credit card? 30098 124825 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months (READ:) Now, thinking about ALL the PERSONAL accounts you have at financial institutions, either by yourself or together with someone else... In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has money ever been DEPOSITED into your personal account(s)? This includes cash or electronic deposits, or any time money is put into your account(s) by yourself, an employer, or another person or institution. 86537 68386 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has money ever been TAKEN OUT of your personal account(s)? This includes cash withdrawals you make in person, using your [local terminology for ATM/debit card] or mobile phone, electronic payments or purchases, checks, or any other time money is removed from your account(s) by yourself or by another person or institution. (ALL in FIN10, Skip to FIN12 IN GSMA MOBILE MONEY COUNTRIES OR FIN14) 86537 68386 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - FIN11A.Because financial institutions are too far away 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because financial services are too expensive 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because you don’t have the necessary documentation (identity card, wage slip, etc.) 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because you don’t trust financial institutions 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because of religious reasons 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because you don’t have enough money to use financial institutions 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because someone else in the family already has an account 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services UNBANKED SECTION Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H) - Because you have no need for financial services at a formal institution 68386 86537 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Made bill payments online using the Internet Made bill payments online using the Internet Made bill payments online using the Internet Made bill payments online using the Internet Made bill payments online using the Internet In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used the Internet, whether on a mobile phone, a computer, or some other device, to ________? - Make bill payments (If respondent has used the Internet to buy something online in the past 12 months [code 1 in FIN14B], Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN15) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Bought something online using the Internet Bought something online using the Internet Bought something online using the Internet Bought something online using the Internet Bought something online using the Internet In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used the Internet, whether on a mobile phone, a computer, or some other device, to ________? - Buy something online (If respondent has used the Internet to buy something online in the past 12 months [code 1 in FIN14B], Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN15) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Paid online or in cash at delivery Paid online or in cash at delivery Paid online or in cash at delivery Paid online or in cash at delivery Paid online or in cash at delivery In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used the Internet, whether on a mobile phone, a computer, or some other device, to ________? - Do you usually pay online or in cash when the order is delivered? 12936 141987 1 4 1 Pay online 2 In cash 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes SAVINGS SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money to start, operate, or grow a business or farm? (If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19; Otherwise, Continue) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Saved in past 12 months: for old age Saved in past 12 months: for old age Saved in past 12 months: for old age Saved in past 12 months: for old age Saved in past 12 months: for old age SAVINGS SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money FOR OLD AGE? (If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19; Otherwise, Continue) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution SAVINGS SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money by __________? - Using an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution (This can include using another person’s account) (If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19; Otherwise, Continue) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Saved in past 12 months: using an informal savings club Saved in past 12 months: using an informal savings club Saved in past 12 months: using an informal savings club Saved in past 12 months: using an informal savings club Saved in past 12 months: using an informal savings club SAVINGS SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money by __________? - Using an informal savings group/club such as [local terminology for savings group/club] or a person outside the family (If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19; Otherwise, Continue) 119788 35135 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. BORROWING SECTION Do you, by yourself or together with someone else, currently have a loan you took out from a bank or another type of formal financial institution to purchase a HOME, APARTMENT, OR LAND? 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. BORROWING SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed money for health or medical purposes? 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. BORROWING SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed money to start, operate, or grow a business or farm? 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. BORROWING SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed any money from any of the following sources? - From a bank or another type of formal financial institution 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. BORROWING SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed any money from any of the following sources? - From family, relatives, or friends 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed in past 12 months: from an informal savings club Borrowed in past 12 months: from an informal savings club Borrowed in past 12 months: from an informal savings club Borrowed in past 12 months: from an informal savings club Borrowed in past 12 months: from an informal savings club (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. FIN22C. (ASK ONLY IF CODE 1 IN FIN17B) BORROWING SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed any money from any of the following sources? - From an informal savings group/club such as [local terminology for savings group/club] (If respondent has borrowed money from a financial institution, from family, relatives, or friends, or from an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN20, FIN21, FIN22A, FIN22B, OR FIN22C], Skip to FIN24; Otherwise, Continue) 16225 138698 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Possibility of coming up with emergency funds Possibility of coming up with emergency funds Possibility of coming up with emergency funds Possibility of coming up with emergency funds Possibility of coming up with emergency funds (READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions. FINANCIAL RESILIENCE SECTION Now, imagine that you have an emergency and you need to pay [1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency]. Is it possible or not possible that you could come up with [1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency] within the NEXT MONTH? Possible > (Continue) Not possible > (Skip to FIN26) (DK) > (Continue) (Refused) > Continue 154923 1 4 1 Possible 2 Not possible 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Main source of emergency funds Main source of emergency funds Main source of emergency funds Main source of emergency funds Main source of emergency funds What would be the MAIN source of money that you would use to come up with [1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency] within the NEXT MONTH? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE 87159 67764 1 8 1 Main source: Savings 2 Main source: Family or friends 3 Main source: Money from working 4 Main source: Borrowing from a bank, empoyer, or private lend 5 Main source: Selling assets 6 Main source: Some other source 7 (dk) 8 ref Sysmiss Sent domestic remittances in past 12 months Sent domestic remittances in past 12 months Sent domestic remittances in past 12 months Sent domestic remittances in past 12 months Sent domestic remittances in past 12 months PAYMENTS SECTION In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, GIVEN or SENT money to a relative or friend living in a different city or area INSIDE (country where survey takes place)? This can be money you brought yourself or sent in some other way. (This can be money given or sent for any reason) Yes > (Continue) No/ DK/ Refused > (Skip to FIN28) 119788 35135 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If sent domestic remittances: through a financial institution If sent domestic remittances: through a financial institution If sent domestic remittances: through a financial institution If sent domestic remittances: through a financial institution If sent domestic remittances: through a financial institution In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, GIVEN or SENT money to a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You sent money through a bank or another type of formal financial institution 23751 131172 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If sent domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If sent domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If sent domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If sent domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If sent domestic remittances: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, GIVEN or SENT money to a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You sent money through a mobile phone (If respondent has given or sent money through a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN27A OR code 1 in FIN27B], Skip to FIN28; Otherwise, Continue) 23751 131172 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If sent domestic remittances: in cash If sent domestic remittances: in cash If sent domestic remittances: in cash If sent domestic remittances: in cash If sent domestic remittances: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, GIVEN or SENT money to a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You handed cash to this person or sent cash through someone you know 8724 146199 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If sent domestic remittances: through an MTO If sent domestic remittances: through an MTO If sent domestic remittances: through an MTO If sent domestic remittances: through an MTO If sent domestic remittances: through an MTO In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, GIVEN or SENT money to a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You sent money through a money transfer service 8724 146199 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Received domestic remittances in past 12 months Received domestic remittances in past 12 months Received domestic remittances in past 12 months Received domestic remittances in past 12 months Received domestic remittances in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED money from a relative or friend living in a different city or area INSIDE (country where survey takes place), including any money you received in person? Yes or no? (This can be money received for any reason except payments for goods and services) CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE Yes > (Continue) No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN30) 119788 35135 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received domestic remittances: through a financial institution If received domestic remittances: through a financial institution If received domestic remittances: through a financial institution If received domestic remittances: through a financial institution If received domestic remittances: through a financial institution In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED money from a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You received money through a bank or another type of formal financial institution 27454 127469 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If received domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If received domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If received domestic remittances: through a mobile phone If received domestic remittances: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED money from a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You received money through a mobile phone (If respondent has received money through a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN29A OR code 1 in FIN29B], Skip to FIN30; Otherwise, Continue) 27454 127469 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received domestic remittances: in cash If received domestic remittances: in cash If received domestic remittances: in cash If received domestic remittances: in cash If received domestic remittances: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED money from a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You were handed cash by this person or by someone you know 11499 143424 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received domestic remittances: through an MTO If received domestic remittances: through an MTO If received domestic remittances: through an MTO If received domestic remittances: through an MTO If received domestic remittances: through an MTO In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED money from a relative or friend living in a different city or area inside (country where survey takes place) in any of the following ways? - You received money through a money transfer service 11499 143424 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Paid utility bills in past 12 months Paid utility bills in past 12 months Paid utility bills in past 12 months Paid utility bills in past 12 months Paid utility bills in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made regular payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection? Yes or no? Yes > (Continue) No/DK/Refused >(Skip to FIN32) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If paid utility bills: using an account If paid utility bills: using an account If paid utility bills: using an account If paid utility bills: using an account If paid utility bills: using an account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection in any of the following ways? - You used an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution to directly make a payment (If respondent has made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection through an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN31A OR code 1 in FIN31B], Skip to FIN32; Otherwise, Continue) 88999 65924 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection in any of the following ways? - You used a mobile phone to make a payment (If respondent has made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection through an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN31A OR code 1 in FIN31B], Skip to FIN32; Otherwise, Continue) 88999 65924 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If paid utility bills: in cash If paid utility bills: in cash If paid utility bills: in cash If paid utility bills: in cash If paid utility bills: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection in any of the following ways? (Read) You made a payment using cash. 48894 106029 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Received wage payments in past 12 months Received wage payments in past 12 months Received wage payments in past 12 months Received wage payments in past 12 months Received wage payments in past 12 months Have you received any money from an EMPLOYER, in the form of SALARY OR WAGES, for doing work in the PAST 12 MONTHS? Please do NOT consider any money you received directly from clients or customers. CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE Yes > (Continue) No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN37) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If received wage payments: work in public sector If received wage payments: work in public sector If received wage payments: work in public sector If received wage payments: work in public sector If received wage payments: work in public sector In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you been employed by the government, military, or public sector? Yes or no? 54997 99926 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received wage payments: into an account If received wage payments: into an account If received wage payments: into an account If received wage payments: into an account If received wage payments: into an account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways? - You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution (If respondent received payments from an employer for salary or wages directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN34A OR code 1 in FIN34B], Skip to FIN35; Otherwise, Continue) 54997 99926 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received wage payments: through a mobile phone If received wage payments: through a mobile phone If received wage payments: through a mobile phone If received wage payments: through a mobile phone If received wage payments: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways? - You received payments through a mobile phone (If respondent received payments from an employer for salary or wages directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN34A OR code 1 in FIN34B], Skip to FIN35; Otherwise, Continue) 54997 99926 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received wage payments: in cash If received wage payments: in cash If received wage payments: in cash If received wage payments: in cash If received wage payments: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways? - You received payments DIRECTLY in cash (All in FIN34C2, Skip to FIN37) 17838 137085 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received wage payments: to a card If received wage payments: to a card If received wage payments: to a card If received wage payments: to a card If received wage payments: to a card In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways? - You received payments to a card (All in FIN34C2, Skip to FIN37) 17838 137085 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received cashless wage payments: first account If received cashless wage payments: first account If received cashless wage payments: first account If received cashless wage payments: first account If received cashless wage payments: first account Thinking about the account you use to receive payments from an employer, was it the first account you ever opened, or not? Yes > (Continue) No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN37) 36941 117982 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) Sysmiss If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments Did you open this account in order to receive payments from this employer? 16383 138540 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) Sysmiss Received government transfers in past 12 months Received government transfers in past 12 months Received government transfers in past 12 months Received government transfers in past 12 months Received government transfers in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED any financial support from the government? This money could include payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of SOCIAL BENEFITS. Please do NOT include wages or any payments related to work. 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, received a pension from the government, military, or public sector? (If respondent received financial support from the government or a pension from the government, military, or public sector [code 1 in FIN37 OR code 1 in FIN38, Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN42) 154923 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If received government transfers: into an account If received government transfers: into an account If received government transfers: into an account If received government transfers: into an account If received government transfers: into an account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways? - You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution (If respondent received any money from the government directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN39A OR code 1 in FIN39B], Skip to FIN40; Otherwise, Continue) 36629 118294 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received government transfers: through a mobile phone If received government transfers: through a mobile phone If received government transfers: through a mobile phone If received government transfers: through a mobile phone If received government transfers: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways? - You received payments through a mobile phone (If respondent received any money from the government directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN39A OR code 1 in FIN39B], Skip to FIN40; Otherwise, Continue) 36629 118294 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received government transfers: in cash If received government transfers: in cash If received government transfers: in cash If received government transfers: in cash If received government transfers: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways? - You received payments DIRECTLY in cash 13571 141352 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received government transfers: to a card If received government transfers: to a card If received government transfers: to a card If received government transfers: to a card If received government transfers: to a card In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways? - You received payments to a card (All in FIN39C2, Skip to FIN42) 13571 141352 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received cashless government transfers: first account If received cashless government transfers: first account If received cashless government transfers: first account If received cashless government transfers: first account If received cashless government transfers: first account Thinking about the account you use to receive payments from the government, was it the first account you ever opened, or not? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE Yes > Continue No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN42) 4643 150280 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) Sysmiss If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments Did you open this account in order to receive payments from the government? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE 2137 152786 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) Sysmiss Received agricultural payments in past 12 months Received agricultural payments in past 12 months Received agricultural payments in past 12 months Received agricultural payments in past 12 months Received agricultural payments in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED money from any source for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE Yes > (Continue) No/DK/Refused > (Skip to Note before FIN46) 119788 35135 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received agricultural payments: into an account If received agricultural payments: into an account If received agricultural payments: into an account If received agricultural payments: into an account If received agricultural payments: into an account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in any of the following ways? - You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution (If respondent received any money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN43A OR code 1 in FIN43B], Skip to FIN44; Otherwise, Continue) 18101 136822 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received agricultural payments: through a mobile phone If received agricultural payments: through a mobile phone If received agricultural payments: through a mobile phone If received agricultural payments: through a mobile phone If received agricultural payments: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in any of the following ways? - You received payments through a mobile phone (If respondent received any money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN43A OR code 1 in FIN43B], Skip to FIN44; Otherwise, Continue) 18101 136822 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received agricultural payments: in cash If received agricultural payments: in cash If received agricultural payments: in cash If received agricultural payments: in cash If received agricultural payments: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in any of the following ways? - You received payments DIRECTLY in cash 15055 139868 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received agricultural payments: to a card If received agricultural payments: to a card If received agricultural payments: to a card If received agricultural payments: to a card If received agricultural payments: to a card In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in any of the following ways? - You received payments to a card (All in FIN43C2, Skip to Note before FIN47C3) 15055 139868 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments Thinking about the account you use to receive payments for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock, was it the first account you ever opened, or not? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE Yes > (Continue) No /DK/Refused > (Skip to Note before FIN47C3) 2991 151932 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments If received agricultural payments: opened to receive payments Did you open this account in order to receive these payments? (If respondent received salary from an employer OR received payment for the sale of agricultural goods [code 1 in FIN32 OR code 1 in FIN42], Skip to Note before FIN47C3; Otherwise, Continue) 1233 153690 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, including part-time work? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE Yes > (Continue) No/DK/Refused > (Skip to Note before FIN47C3) 86796 68127 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received self-employment payments: into an account If received self-employment payments: into an account If received self-employment payments: into an account If received self-employment payments: into an account If received self-employment payments: into an account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways? - You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution (If respondent received any money from their business or from selling goods directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN47A OR code 1 in FIN47B], Skip to Note before FIN47C3; Otherwise, Continue) 13972 140951 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways? - You received payments through a mobile phone (If respondent received any money from their business or from selling goods directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN47A OR code 1 in FIN47B], Skip to Note before FIN47C3; Otherwise, Continue) 13972 140951 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received self-employment payments: in cash If received self-employment payments: in cash If received self-employment payments: in cash If received self-employment payments: in cash If received self-employment payments: in cash In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways? - You received payments DIRECTLY in cash (If code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2 OR code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN3] AND code 1 to ANY in FIN31A, FIN34A, FIN34C2, FIN39A, FIN39C2, FIN43A, FIN43C2, FIN47A, OR FIN47C2, Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN48) 9682 145241 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If received self-employment payments: to a card If received self-employment payments: to a card If received self-employment payments: to a card If received self-employment payments: to a card If received self-employment payments: to a card In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways? - You received payments to a card (If code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2 OR code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN3] AND code 1 to ANY in FIN31A, FIN34A, FIN34C2, FIN39A, FIN39C2, FIN43A, FIN43C2, FIN47A, OR FIN47C2, Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN48) 9682 145241 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Marginal: Used debit card in your own name Marginal: Used debit card in your own name Marginal: Used debit card in your own name Marginal: Used debit card in your own name Marginal: Used debit card in your own name In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you used your OWN [insert local terminology for ATM/debit card] DIRECTLY to make a purchase? 6628 148295 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account In the PAST 12 MONTHS, did you ever use a MOBILE PHONE or the Internet to make a payment, to buy something, or to send money FROM your account at a bank or another type of financial institution? 6628 148295 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you checked your account balance using a mobile phone or the Internet? 6628 148295 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Owns a mobile phone Owns a mobile phone Owns a mobile phone Owns a mobile phone Owns a mobile phone 154921 2 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Has a national ID Has a national ID Has a national ID Has a national ID Has a national ID 109788 45135 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Has an account at a financial institution Has an account at a financial institution Has an account at a financial institution Has an account at a financial institution Has an account at a financial institution 154923 1 1 yes 2 no 3 dk/ref Has a mobile money account Has a mobile money account Has a mobile money account Has a mobile money account Has a mobile money account 84585 70338 1 1 yes 2 no 3 dk/ref Sysmiss Has an account Has an account Has an account Has an account Has an account 154923 1 1 yes 2 no 3 dk/ref Saved in the past year Saved in the past year Saved in the past year Saved in the past year Saved in the past year 154923 1 1 yes 2 no 3 dk/ref Borrowed in the past year Borrowed in the past year Borrowed in the past year Borrowed in the past year Borrowed in the past year 154923 1 1 yes 2 no 3 dk/ref Payments: wage payments Payments: wage payments Payments: wage payments Payments: wage payments Payments: wage payments 154923 1 5 1 into an account 2 Main source: Family or friends 3 Main source: Money from working 4 Main source: Borrowing from a bank, empoyer, or private lend 5 Main source: Selling assets 6 Main source: Some other source 7 (dk) 8 ref Payments: government transfers Payments: government transfers Payments: government transfers Payments: government transfers Payments: government transfers 154923 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 Payments: government pension Payments: government pension Payments: government pension Payments: government pension Payments: government pension 154923 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 Payments: selling agricultural goods Payments: selling agricultural goods Payments: selling agricultural goods Payments: selling agricultural goods Payments: selling agricultural goods 119788 35135 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 Sysmiss Payments: utility bills Payments: utility bills Payments: utility bills Payments: utility bills Payments: utility bills 154923 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 Domestic remittances Domestic remittances Domestic remittances Domestic remittances Domestic remittances 119788 35135 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sysmiss Pay online [of adults]- F2F Pay online [of adults]- F2F Pay online [of adults]- F2F Pay online [of adults]- F2F Pay online [of adults]- F2F 119788 35135 1 no/dk/ref 1 yes Sysmiss Pay online [of buyers]- F2F Pay online [of buyers]- F2F Pay online [of buyers]- F2F Pay online [of buyers]- F2F Pay online [of buyers]- F2F 12936 141987 1 no/dk/ref 1 yes Sysmiss Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F 119788 35135 1 no/dk/ref 1 yes Sysmiss Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F 12936 141987 1 no/dk/ref 1 yes Sysmiss