DDI_AFR_2002-2008_AFRINT_v02_M_WB Development Data Group 2015-05-29 NADA Version 01 (May 2015) AFRINT Household and Village Level Data 2002-2008 AFRINT 2002-08 AFR_2002-2008_AFRINT_v01_M Lund University Goran Djurefeldt Mikael Hammarkjold Hans Holmen NADA Swedish International Development Authority Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation Samuel Kobina Annim Emmanuel Orkoh Zelda Arku Issac Koomson Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Africa's enduring food crisis has been a source of serious concern to government and non-governmental organizations at both national and international levels. In 2002 a Swedish team from Lund University drew inspiration from progress being made on the Asian continent in what was described as a state-driven, market-mediated and farmer-based process of increasing yields in food grains and staples. The team sought to replicate the same in Africa through capturing the dynamism in African agriculture, and illuminating questions about its driving forces, especially the role of the state and the market in influencing African farmer's production behavior. The Household and Village Level Data was carried out in two phases namely: - AFRINT I (2001-2005) The African Food Crisis - the relevance of Asian experiences - AFRINT II (2007-2010) The Millennium Development Goals and the African Food Crisis. The project primarily concentrated on features affecting maize production and productivity. Maize is the largest food crop in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and with seed, fertilizer and technology, commercialization and impacts of government policies. The official starting date for the African sub-projects was June 1st 2002, the collaboration researchers worked for 60 days. Africa Sub-Saharan Africa: - Ethiopia - Kenya - Uganda - Tanzania - Ghana - Nigeria - Malawi - Zambia - Household - Village Sample survey data [ssd] Round I and II of the study includes the following topics: - Household and village level demographic and socio-economic characteristics - Farm and crop management - Crops - Maize - Cassava - Cassava, marketing conditions - Sorghum - Rice - Rural - urban and rural - rural linkages (staple crops) - Other food crops and vegetables (for local markets) - Non-food cash crops (wholly or partly for export) - Agricultural techniques - Land resources - Livestock & Fish - Livestock - Labor resources - Institutional conditions - Incomes and expenditures Dept of Sociology, Lund University Institution for Thematic research, Linköping University Addis Ababa University African Economic Research Consortium Department of Geography, Kenyatta University Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi Nigerian Institute for Social and Economic Research University of Ghana, Legon Data collection for the first round of the AFRINT project was made in 2002. The collection of this data was part of the second round and was referred to as 2008 data, although in some cases it was collected in late 2007. The five case study countries were: Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania. These five countries were ideally suited in the researcher's view, to charting progress in intensification, induced by farmers themselves, or state induced, as in the Asian Green Revolution. The AFRINT sample was drawn in four stages: - Country selection - Regions within countries - Selection of villages within regions - Selection of farm households All stages except the final one were based on purposive sampling. Data collection was sought to be made at all four levels. The households sampled within these countries were selected with respect to the agricultural potential of the areas in which they resided. The intention was to capture the dynamism in the areas that were "above average" in terms of ecological and market (infrastructure) endowments but excluding the most extreme cases in this regard. The study aimed for a sample which was an illustrative of conditions in the maize-cassava belt, excluding both low potential dry and remote areas and extreme outliers at the other end of the scale. Face-to-face [f2f] The study was comprised of a set of survey instruments. These were the following questionnaires: 1. AFRINT I Farm Household Questionnaire 2. AFRINT II Micro Level Households Questionnaire 3. AFRINT I Village Diagnostics Questionnaire 4. AFRINT II Village Diagnostics Questionnaire 79.4% The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. AFRINT I AND II PROJECTS This dataset provides information from "AFRINT I and AFRINT II Household and Village Questionnaire", Section D, C 0 1488 Filter to get cross-section 2002 Filter to get cross-section 2002 Filter to get cross-section 2002 Filter to get cross-section 2002 Filter to get cross-section 2002 No 1 Participate Filter to get cross-section 2008 Filter to get cross-section 2008 Filter to get cross-section 2008 Filter to get cross-section 2008 Filter to get cross-section 2008 No 1 Participate Participate in both surveys Participate in both surveys Participate in both surveys Participate in both surveys Participate in both surveys No 1 Yes Interviewed Interviewed Interviewed Interviewed Interviewed 1 Both 2008 and 2002 2 Only 2002 3 Only 2008 Country (c001) Country (c001) Country (c001) Country (c001) Country (c001) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Ethiopia 2 Ghana 3 Kenya 4 Malawi 5 Nigeria 6 Tanzania 7 Uganda 8 Zambia 9 Mozambique Region (c002) Region (c002) Region (c002) Region (c002) Region (c002) Name of village: not aviable in publicdomain Name of village: not aviable in publicdomain Name of village: not aviable in publicdomain Name of village: not aviable in publicdomain Name of village: not aviable in publicdomain New village number New village number New village number New village number New village number For afrint i villages: old village number (c003) For afrint i villages: old village number (c003) For afrint i villages: old village number (c003) For afrint i villages: old village number (c003) For afrint i villages: old village number (c003) Household no Household no Household no Household no Household no New hh number for afrint 2 data New hh number for afrint 2 data New hh number for afrint 2 data New hh number for afrint 2 data New hh number for afrint 2 data For interviewer: estimate the distance from the household to the village centre For interviewer: estimate the distance from the household to the village centre For interviewer: estimate the distance from the household to the village centre For interviewer: estimate the distance from the household to the village centre For interviewer: estimate the distance from the household to the village centre Is the head of household the same person as in 2002? Is the head of household the same person as in 2002? Is the head of household the same person as in 2002? Is the head of household the same person as in 2002? Is the head of household the same person as in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Name of head of household (c108): not in public domain Name of head of household (c108): not in public domain Name of head of household (c108): not in public domain Name of head of household (c108): not in public domain Name of head of household (c108): not in public domain For afrint iii: address particulars needed to relocate household: not in public For afrint iii: address particulars needed to relocate household: not in public For afrint iii: address particulars needed to relocate household: not in public For afrint iii: address particulars needed to relocate household: not in public For afrint iii: address particulars needed to relocate household: not in public For interviewer: sub-sample For interviewer: sub-sample For interviewer: sub-sample For interviewer: sub-sample For interviewer: sub-sample -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Afrint i sample re-interviewed household 2 Sample of decentants households 3 Sample of immigrant households 4 Newly sampled household,in new villages-ethiopia 6 Johanna's sample, uganda 9 Attrition 10 Replacement for attrition 11 Sample to check representativity of original sample, ghana 12 New sample in nigeria For interviewer: reason for attrition For interviewer: reason for attrition For interviewer: reason for attrition For interviewer: reason for attrition For interviewer: reason for attrition -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Afrint i household ceased to exist with no surviving members 2 Afrint i household, could not be traced Number of descendant households: Number of descendant households: Number of descendant households: Number of descendant households: Number of descendant households: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Number of descendant households who remain in the village: Number of descendant households who remain in the village: Number of descendant households who remain in the village: Number of descendant households who remain in the village: Number of descendant households who remain in the village: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Of the above households: how many remain active in farming? Of the above households: how many remain active in farming? Of the above households: how many remain active in farming? Of the above households: how many remain active in farming? Of the above households: how many remain active in farming? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Where did you come from? Where did you come from? Where did you come from? Where did you come from? Where did you come from? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Within region 2 From another region (as defined in the manual v002) 3 Urban area Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Is the farm manager the same person as in 2002? Is the farm manager the same person as in 2002? Is the farm manager the same person as in 2002? Is the farm manager the same person as in 2002? Is the farm manager the same person as in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Name of farm manager (c109) not in public domain Name of farm manager (c109) not in public domain Name of farm manager (c109) not in public domain Name of farm manager (c109) not in public domain Name of farm manager (c109) not in public domain Respondent? (c110) Respondent? (c110) Respondent? (c110) Respondent? (c110) Respondent? (c110) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Farm manager 2 Spouse of farm manager 3 Grown up child 4 Relative 5 Parent of farm manager 6 Other Household type (c111) Household type (c111) Household type (c111) Household type (c111) Household type (c111) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Nuclear 2 Extended 3 Polygamous 4 De jure female headed (widow, never married, divorced) 5 De facto female headed (husband absent) 6 Not yet married males Sex of head of household (c112) Sex of head of household (c112) Sex of head of household (c112) Sex of head of household (c112) Sex of head of household (c112) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Male 2 Female Sex of farm manager (c113) Sex of farm manager (c113) Sex of farm manager (c113) Sex of farm manager (c113) Sex of farm manager (c113) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Male 2 Female Age of head of household (c114) __ __ years Age of head of household (c114) __ __ years Age of head of household (c114) __ __ years Age of head of household (c114) __ __ years Age of head of household (c114) __ __ years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Age of farm manager (c115) __ __ years Age of farm manager (c115) __ __ years Age of farm manager (c115) __ __ years Age of farm manager (c115) __ __ years Age of farm manager (c115) __ __ years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Ethnicity of head of household Ethnicity of head of household Ethnicity of head of household Ethnicity of head of household Ethnicity of head of household -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Educational level of farm manager? (c117) __ __ years Educational level of farm manager? (c117) __ __ years Educational level of farm manager? (c117) __ __ years Educational level of farm manager? (c117) __ __ years Educational level of farm manager? (c117) __ __ years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Maize (c118) Maize (c118) Maize (c118) Maize (c118) Maize (c118) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cassava (teff) (c119) Cassava (teff) (c119) Cassava (teff) (c119) Cassava (teff) (c119) Cassava (teff) (c119) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sorghum (c120) Sorghum (c120) Sorghum (c120) Sorghum (c120) Sorghum (c120) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Rice (wheat) (c121) Rice (wheat) (c121) Rice (wheat) (c121) Rice (wheat) (c121) Rice (wheat) (c121) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other food crops and vegetables (c122) Other food crops and vegetables (c122) Other food crops and vegetables (c122) Other food crops and vegetables (c122) Other food crops and vegetables (c122) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cash crops, non-food crops (c123) Cash crops, non-food crops (c123) Cash crops, non-food crops (c123) Cash crops, non-food crops (c123) Cash crops, non-food crops (c123) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cassava Cassava Cassava Cassava Cassava -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Maize (c124) Maize (c124) Maize (c124) Maize (c124) Maize (c124) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cassava (teff) (c125) Cassava (teff) (c125) Cassava (teff) (c125) Cassava (teff) (c125) Cassava (teff) (c125) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sorghum (c126) Sorghum (c126) Sorghum (c126) Sorghum (c126) Sorghum (c126) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Rice (wheat) (c127) Rice (wheat) (c127) Rice (wheat) (c127) Rice (wheat) (c127) Rice (wheat) (c127) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other food crops and vegetables (c128) Other food crops and vegetables (c128) Other food crops and vegetables (c128) Other food crops and vegetables (c128) Other food crops and vegetables (c128) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cash crops, non-food crops (129) Cash crops, non-food crops (129) Cash crops, non-food crops (129) Cash crops, non-food crops (129) Cash crops, non-food crops (129) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cassava Cassava Cassava Cassava Cassava -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables Other food crops and vegetables -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops Cash crops, non-food crops -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If maize grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you aband If maize grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you aband If maize grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you aband If maize grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you aband If maize grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you aband -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If cassava (teff) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason If cassava (teff) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason If cassava (teff) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason If cassava (teff) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason If cassava (teff) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If sorghum grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you ab If sorghum grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you ab If sorghum grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you ab If sorghum grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you ab If sorghum grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason you ab -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If rice (wheat) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason yo If rice (wheat) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason yo If rice (wheat) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason yo If rice (wheat) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason yo If rice (wheat) grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the main reason yo -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If other food crops and vegetables grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is If other food crops and vegetables grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is If other food crops and vegetables grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is If other food crops and vegetables grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is If other food crops and vegetables grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If cash crops, non-food crops grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the If cash crops, non-food crops grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the If cash crops, non-food crops grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the If cash crops, non-food crops grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the If cash crops, non-food crops grown in 2002 but not in last season: what is the -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If maize grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If maize grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If maize grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If maize grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If maize grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If cassava (teff) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you If cassava (teff) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you If cassava (teff) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you If cassava (teff) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you If cassava (teff) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If sorghum grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you start If sorghum grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you start If sorghum grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you start If sorghum grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you start If sorghum grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you start -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If rice (wheat) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you s If rice (wheat) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you s If rice (wheat) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you s If rice (wheat) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you s If rice (wheat) grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you s -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If other food crops and vegetables grown last season but not in 2002: what is th If other food crops and vegetables grown last season but not in 2002: what is th If other food crops and vegetables grown last season but not in 2002: what is th If other food crops and vegetables grown last season but not in 2002: what is th If other food crops and vegetables grown last season but not in 2002: what is th -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc If cash crops, non-food crops grown last season but not in 2002: what is the ma If cash crops, non-food crops grown last season but not in 2002: what is the ma If cash crops, non-food crops grown last season but not in 2002: what is the ma If cash crops, non-food crops grown last season but not in 2002: what is the ma If cash crops, non-food crops grown last season but not in 2002: what is the ma -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly economic reasons, profitability etc 2 Mainly agronomic reasons, did not grow well etc 3 Mainly labour reasons, shortage of labour etc During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? (c132) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per year? (c133) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes In addition to maize, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to maize, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to maize, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to maize, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to maize, what was the land used for? (c134) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No specific use 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 Other uses If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow maize at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the average size of the land under maize in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under maize in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under maize in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under maize in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under maize in the most recent season as c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow maize at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of maize two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of maize two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of maize two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of maize two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of maize two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow maize in 2002 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yields unchanged 3 Yields have increased Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less maize from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow maize in 2002 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yields unchanged 3 Yields have increased 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household 4 Tendant Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with maize During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with maize During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with maize During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with maize During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with maize -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid How did you acquire (get hold of) the maize seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the maize seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the maize seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the maize seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the maize seed you used in the most recent sea -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Own stock 2 Other farmers or neighbours 3 Purchased in the market 4 Received or purchased from extension agents, ngos or other During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on maize in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on maize in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on maize in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on maize in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on maize in the most recent seas -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing maize crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing maize crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing maize crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing maize crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing maize crop? (c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow maize? (c159) When your household was formed, did you grow maize? (c159) When your household was formed, did you grow maize? (c159) When your household was formed, did you grow maize? (c159) When your household was formed, did you grow maize? (c159) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on maize today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on maize today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on maize today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on maize today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on maize today as compared to when t -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then Were pesticides applied on growing maize crop at that time? (c163) Were pesticides applied on growing maize crop at that time? (c163) Were pesticides applied on growing maize crop at that time? (c163) Were pesticides applied on growing maize crop at that time? (c163) Were pesticides applied on growing maize crop at that time? (c163) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c165) Crop rotation (c165) Crop rotation (c165) Crop rotation (c165) Crop rotation (c165) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c167) Fallowing (c167) Fallowing (c167) Fallowing (c167) Fallowing (c167) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c168) Animal manure (c168) Animal manure (c168) Animal manure (c168) Animal manure (c168) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Conservation tillage (cf. C169) Conservation tillage (cf. C169) Conservation tillage (cf. C169) Conservation tillage (cf. C169) Conservation tillage (cf. C169) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell or do you intend to sell any maize following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any maize following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any maize following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any maize following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any maize following your most recent harve -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes, for some of my produce 2 Yes, for most of my produce What is your main market outlet/crop depot for maize? (c180) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for maize? (c180) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for maize? (c180) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for maize? (c180) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for maize? (c180) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 At farm gate 2 In the village market 3 In market outside the village 4 Through outgrower scheme 5 State marketing board 6 Ngo or donor project 7 Farmers groups or organization 8 Other Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of maize sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of maize sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of maize sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of maize sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of maize sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of maize you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of maize you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of maize you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of maize you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of maize you sell chang -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less maize sold now 2 No significant change 3 More maize sold now Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Did you sell any maize after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any maize after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any maize after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any maize after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any maize after the harvest in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since 2002, how has the amount of maize you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of maize you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of maize you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of maize you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of maize you sell changed? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less maize sold now 2 No significant change 3 More maize sold now Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Do you grow cassava in pure stand or mixed with other crops? (c195) __ Do you grow cassava in pure stand or mixed with other crops? (c195) __ Do you grow cassava in pure stand or mixed with other crops? (c195) __ Do you grow cassava in pure stand or mixed with other crops? (c195) __ Do you grow cassava in pure stand or mixed with other crops? (c195) __ 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago? _ _ _, What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago? _ _ _, What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago? _ _ _, What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago? _ _ _, What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago? _ _ _, What was the size of the land under cassava in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under cassava in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under cassava in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under cassava in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under cassava in the most recent season, compared Did not grow cassava in 2002 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the average size of the land under cassava in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under cassava in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under cassava in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under cassava in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under cassava in the most recent season as Did not grow cassava in 2002 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Did not grow cassava at that time 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yields unchanged 3 Yields have increased Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Do you get more or less cassava from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, Did not grow cassava at that time 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yields unchanged 3 Yields have increased 1.Home consumption 1.Home consumption 1.Home consumption 1.Home consumption 1.Home consumption Cassava was not used for this purpose 1 Most cassava was used for this purpose, i.E. Most important 2 Second most important use 3 Third most important use 4 Fourth most important use 2.Payment for hired labour 2.Payment for hired labour 2.Payment for hired labour 2.Payment for hired labour 2.Payment for hired labour Cassava was not used for this purpose 1 Most cassava was used for this purpose, i.E. Most important 2 Second most important use 3 Third most important use 4 Fourth most important use 3.Sale 3.Sale 3.Sale 3.Sale 3.Sale Cassava was not used for this purpose 1 Most cassava was used for this purpose, i.E. Most important 2 Second most important use 3 Third most important use 4 Fourth most important use 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) Cassava was not used for this purpose 1 Most cassava was used for this purpose, i.E. Most important 2 Second most important use 3 Third most important use 4 Fourth most important use How much of the work involved in the production of cassava does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of cassava does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of cassava does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of cassava does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of cassava does the farm manager Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to when the household Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to when the household Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to when the household Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to when the household Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to when the household No 1 Yes Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to what your parents w Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to what your parents w Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to what your parents w Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to what your parents w Are you using any new cassava varieties today as compared to what your parents w No 1 Yes What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less sorghum fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less sorghum fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less sorghum fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less sorghum fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less sorghum fro -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow sorghum at that time 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yield unchanged 3 Yields have increased In 2002, did you get more or less sorghum from a given size of land (e.G. One ac In 2002, did you get more or less sorghum from a given size of land (e.G. One ac In 2002, did you get more or less sorghum from a given size of land (e.G. One ac In 2002, did you get more or less sorghum from a given size of land (e.G. One ac In 2002, did you get more or less sorghum from a given size of land (e.G. One ac -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow sorghum at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then 1.Home consumption (c270) _ _ _ _ _ _kg 1.Home consumption (c270) _ _ _ _ _ _kg 1.Home consumption (c270) _ _ _ _ _ _kg 1.Home consumption (c270) _ _ _ _ _ _kg 1.Home consumption (c270) _ _ _ _ _ _kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 2.Payment for hired labour (c271) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c271) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c271) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c271) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c271) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 3.Sale (c272) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c272) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c272) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c272) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c272) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c273) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c273) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c273) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c273) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c273) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Total (c.f. d222) Total (c.f. d222) Total (c.f. d222) Total (c.f. d222) Total (c.f. d222) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of the work involved in the production of sorghum does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of sorghum does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of sorghum does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of sorghum does the farm manager How much of the work involved in the production of sorghum does the farm manager -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with sorgh During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with sorgh During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with sorgh During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with sorgh During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with sorgh -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of sorghum planted? ( During the most recent season, what was the main variety of sorghum planted? ( During the most recent season, what was the main variety of sorghum planted? ( During the most recent season, what was the main variety of sorghum planted? ( During the most recent season, what was the main variety of sorghum planted? ( -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety 3 Hybrid How did you acquire (get hold of) the sorghum seed you used in the most recent s How did you acquire (get hold of) the sorghum seed you used in the most recent s How did you acquire (get hold of) the sorghum seed you used in the most recent s How did you acquire (get hold of) the sorghum seed you used in the most recent s How did you acquire (get hold of) the sorghum seed you used in the most recent s -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Own stock 2 Other farmers or neighbours 3 Purchased in the market 4 Received or purchased from extension agents, ngos or other During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on sorghum in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on sorghum in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on sorghum in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on sorghum in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on sorghum in the most recent se -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c279) Crop rotation (c279) Crop rotation (c279) Crop rotation (c279) Crop rotation (c279) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (bean etc.) (c280) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (bean etc.) (c280) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (bean etc.) (c280) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (bean etc.) (c280) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (bean etc.) (c280) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c281) Fallowing (c281) Fallowing (c281) Fallowing (c281) Fallowing (c281) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c282) Animal manure (c282) Animal manure (c282) Animal manure (c282) Animal manure (c282) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C283) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C283) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C283) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C283) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C283) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C283) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C283) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C283) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C283) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C283) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c284) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c284) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c284) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c284) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c284) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c285) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c285) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c285) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c285) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c285) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? (c286) When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? (c286) When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? (c286) When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? (c286) When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? (c286) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of sorghum At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of sorghum At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of sorghum At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of sorghum At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of sorghum -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety 3 Hybrid Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on sorghum today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on sorghum today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on sorghum today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on sorghum today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on sorghum today as compared to when -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then Were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop at that time? (c290) Were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop at that time? (c290) Were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop at that time? (c290) Were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop at that time? (c290) Were pesticides applied on growing sorghum crop at that time? (c290) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c292) Crop rotation (c292) Crop rotation (c292) Crop rotation (c292) Crop rotation (c292) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c293) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c293) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c293) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c293) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c293) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c294) Fallowing (c294) Fallowing (c294) Fallowing (c294) Fallowing (c294) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c295) Animal manure (c295) Animal manure (c295) Animal manure (c295) Animal manure (c295) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Conservation tillage (cf. C296) Conservation tillage (cf. C296) Conservation tillage (cf. C296) Conservation tillage (cf. C296) Conservation tillage (cf. C296) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C296) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C296) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C296) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C296) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C296) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c297) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c297) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c297) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c297) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c297) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c298) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c298) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c298) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c298) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c298) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell or do you intend to sell any sorghum following your most recent har Did you sell or do you intend to sell any sorghum following your most recent har Did you sell or do you intend to sell any sorghum following your most recent har Did you sell or do you intend to sell any sorghum following your most recent har Did you sell or do you intend to sell any sorghum following your most recent har -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of sorghum sold (or is planned to be sold) after the m What was the total amount of sorghum sold (or is planned to be sold) after the m What was the total amount of sorghum sold (or is planned to be sold) after the m What was the total amount of sorghum sold (or is planned to be sold) after the m What was the total amount of sorghum sold (or is planned to be sold) after the m -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the lowest price for sorghum you received following the most recen What was (is) the lowest price for sorghum you received following the most recen What was (is) the lowest price for sorghum you received following the most recen What was (is) the lowest price for sorghum you received following the most recen What was (is) the lowest price for sorghum you received following the most recen -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes for some of my produce 2 Yes, for most of my produce What is your main market outlet/crop depot for sorghum? (c307) __ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for sorghum? (c307) __ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for sorghum? (c307) __ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for sorghum? (c307) __ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for sorghum? (c307) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 At farm gate 2 In the village market 3 In market outside the village 4 Through outgrower scheme 5 State marketing board 6 Ngo or donor project 7 Farmers groups or organization 8 Other Do you grow sorghum on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow sorghum on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow sorghum on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow sorghum on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow sorghum on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest before the most recent one? (c30 Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest before the most recent one? (c30 Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest before the most recent one? (c30 Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest before the most recent one? (c30 Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest before the most recent one? (c30 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of sorghum sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c310) What was the total amount of sorghum sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c310) What was the total amount of sorghum sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c310) What was the total amount of sorghum sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c310) What was the total amount of sorghum sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c310) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest two seasons before the most recent on Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest two seasons before the most recent on Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest two seasons before the most recent on Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest two seasons before the most recent on Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest two seasons before the most recent on -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of sorghum sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of sorghum sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of sorghum sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of sorghum sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of sorghum sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any sorghum at the time when this household was formed? (c313) __ Did you sell any sorghum at the time when this household was formed? (c313) __ Did you sell any sorghum at the time when this household was formed? (c313) __ Did you sell any sorghum at the time when this household was formed? (c313) __ Did you sell any sorghum at the time when this household was formed? (c313) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of sorghum you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of sorghum you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of sorghum you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of sorghum you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of sorghum you sell cha -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less sorghum sold now 2 No significant change 3 More sorghum sold now Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to when t Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to when t Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to when t Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to when t Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to when t -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since you for -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any sorghum after the harvest in 2002? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since 2002, how has the amount of sorghum you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of sorghum you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of sorghum you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of sorghum you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of sorghum you sell changed? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less sorghum sold now 2 No significant change 3 More sorghum sold now Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to in 200 Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to in 200 Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to in 200 Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to in 200 Is the price you receive for sorghum better or worse today as compared to in 200 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for sorghum changed since 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Do you send any staple crop (maize, teff, sorghum, wheat) to relatives residing Do you send any staple crop (maize, teff, sorghum, wheat) to relatives residing Do you send any staple crop (maize, teff, sorghum, wheat) to relatives residing Do you send any staple crop (maize, teff, sorghum, wheat) to relatives residing Do you send any staple crop (maize, teff, sorghum, wheat) to relatives residing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes In a year, how much staples would you estimate that you send? In a year, how much staples would you estimate that you send? In a year, how much staples would you estimate that you send? In a year, how much staples would you estimate that you send? In a year, how much staples would you estimate that you send? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Do your relatives from outside the village come to collect staples from you? _ Do your relatives from outside the village come to collect staples from you? _ Do your relatives from outside the village come to collect staples from you? _ Do your relatives from outside the village come to collect staples from you? _ Do your relatives from outside the village come to collect staples from you? _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If yes, in a year, how much staples would you estimate that they, in total, come If yes, in a year, how much staples would you estimate that they, in total, come If yes, in a year, how much staples would you estimate that they, in total, come If yes, in a year, how much staples would you estimate that they, in total, come If yes, in a year, how much staples would you estimate that they, in total, come -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Wheat, amount _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Summing up: how much staples in total would you estimate that either your relati Summing up: how much staples in total would you estimate that either your relati Summing up: how much staples in total would you estimate that either your relati Summing up: how much staples in total would you estimate that either your relati Summing up: how much staples in total would you estimate that either your relati -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year Maize, amount _ _ _ _ kg per year -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Teff, amount _ _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ _ kg Teff, amount _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg Sorghum, amount _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg Wheat, amount _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Total, amount _ _ _ kg Total, amount _ _ _ kg Total, amount _ _ _ kg Total, amount _ _ _ kg Total, amount _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Where do the relatives to whom you send staples, or who come to collect staples Where do the relatives to whom you send staples, or who come to collect staples Where do the relatives to whom you send staples, or who come to collect staples Where do the relatives to whom you send staples, or who come to collect staples Where do the relatives to whom you send staples, or who come to collect staples Neighbouring villages Neighbouring villages Neighbouring villages Neighbouring villages Neighbouring villages -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other rural areas Other rural areas Other rural areas Other rural areas Other rural areas -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Towns in same district Towns in same district Towns in same district Towns in same district Towns in same district -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Towns outside district Towns outside district Towns outside district Towns outside district Towns outside district -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Major urban areas Major urban areas Major urban areas Major urban areas Major urban areas -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Capital city Capital city Capital city Capital city Capital city -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you send any other crops than staples or do your relatives collect any other Do you send any other crops than staples or do your relatives collect any other Do you send any other crops than staples or do your relatives collect any other Do you send any other crops than staples or do your relatives collect any other Do you send any other crops than staples or do your relatives collect any other -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 1. Bananas (c391) 1. Bananas (c391) 1. Bananas (c391) 1. Bananas (c391) 1. Bananas (c391) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 2. Beans (c392) 2. Beans (c392) 2. Beans (c392) 2. Beans (c392) 2. Beans (c392) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 3. Peas (c393) 3. Peas (c393) 3. Peas (c393) 3. Peas (c393) 3. Peas (c393) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 4.Irish potatoes (c394) 4.Irish potatoes (c394) 4.Irish potatoes (c394) 4.Irish potatoes (c394) 4.Irish potatoes (c394) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 5. Sweet potatoes (c395) 5. Sweet potatoes (c395) 5. Sweet potatoes (c395) 5. Sweet potatoes (c395) 5. Sweet potatoes (c395) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 6. Millet (c396) 6. Millet (c396) 6. Millet (c396) 6. Millet (c396) 6. Millet (c396) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 7. Groundnuts (c397) 7. Groundnuts (c397) 7. Groundnuts (c397) 7. Groundnuts (c397) 7. Groundnuts (c397) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 8. Yams 8. Yams 8. Yams 8. Yams 8. Yams -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 10. Vegetables for local markets (c398) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c398) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c398) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c398) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c398) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 12. Other (c399) 12. Other (c399) 12. Other (c399) 12. Other (c399) 12. Other (c399) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 1. Bananas (c400) 1. Bananas (c400) 1. Bananas (c400) 1. Bananas (c400) 1. Bananas (c400) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 2. Beans (c401) 2. Beans (c401) 2. Beans (c401) 2. Beans (c401) 2. Beans (c401) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 3. Peas (c402) 3. Peas (c402) 3. Peas (c402) 3. Peas (c402) 3. Peas (c402) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 4. Irish potatoes (c403) 4. Irish potatoes (c403) 4. Irish potatoes (c403) 4. Irish potatoes (c403) 4. Irish potatoes (c403) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 5. Sweet potatoes (c404) 5. Sweet potatoes (c404) 5. Sweet potatoes (c404) 5. Sweet potatoes (c404) 5. Sweet potatoes (c404) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 6. Millet (c405) 6. Millet (c405) 6. Millet (c405) 6. Millet (c405) 6. Millet (c405) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 7. Groundnuts (c406) 7. Groundnuts (c406) 7. Groundnuts (c406) 7. Groundnuts (c406) 7. Groundnuts (c406) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 8. Yams 8. Yams 8. Yams 8. Yams 8. Yams -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams 9. Cocoyams -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 10. Vegetables for local markets (c407) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c407) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c407) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c407) 10. Vegetables for local markets (c407) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets 11. Fruits for local markets -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 12. Other (c408) 12. Other (c408) 12. Other (c408) 12. Other (c408) 12. Other (c408) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total size of the land you devoted to the crops (pure stand) mentio What was the total size of the land you devoted to the crops (pure stand) mentio What was the total size of the land you devoted to the crops (pure stand) mentio What was the total size of the land you devoted to the crops (pure stand) mentio What was the total size of the land you devoted to the crops (pure stand) mentio -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of this land was irrigated? How much of this land was irrigated? How much of this land was irrigated? How much of this land was irrigated? How much of this land was irrigated? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Was animal manure used? (c412) Was animal manure used? (c412) Was animal manure used? (c412) Was animal manure used? (c412) Was animal manure used? (c412) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Was green manure used? (c413) Was green manure used? (c413) Was green manure used? (c413) Was green manure used? (c413) Was green manure used? (c413) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Were pesticides applied? (c414) Were pesticides applied? (c414) Were pesticides applied? (c414) Were pesticides applied? (c414) Were pesticides applied? (c414) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c415) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c415) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c415) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c415) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c415) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No crops are sold 1 Banana 2 Beans 3 Peas 4 Irish potatoes 5 Sweet potatoes 6 Millet 10 Vegetables for local markets 11 Fruits for local markets 12 Other Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to when you formed your Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to when you formed your Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to when you formed your Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to when you formed your Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to when you formed your -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown at that time 1 Less is sold now 2 No change 3 More is sold now In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown at that time 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to in 2002? Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to in 2002? Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to in 2002? Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to in 2002? Do you sell more or less of this crop today as compared to in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown in 2002 1 Less is sold now 2 No change 3 More is sold now In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since 2002 In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since 2002 In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since 2002 In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since 2002 In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since 2002 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown in 2002 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now How much of the work involved in the production of this crop does the farm manag How much of the work involved in the production of this crop does the farm manag How much of the work involved in the production of this crop does the farm manag How much of the work involved in the production of this crop does the farm manag How much of the work involved in the production of this crop does the farm manag -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Do you grow any of the crops mentioned (d397) on the basis of a pre-arranged con Do you grow any of the crops mentioned (d397) on the basis of a pre-arranged con Do you grow any of the crops mentioned (d397) on the basis of a pre-arranged con Do you grow any of the crops mentioned (d397) on the basis of a pre-arranged con Do you grow any of the crops mentioned (d397) on the basis of a pre-arranged con -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 1.Cotton (c420) 1.Cotton (c420) 1.Cotton (c420) 1.Cotton (c420) 1.Cotton (c420) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 2.Sugar cane (c421) 2.Sugar cane (c421) 2.Sugar cane (c421) 2.Sugar cane (c421) 2.Sugar cane (c421) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 3.Cashew nuts (c422) 3.Cashew nuts (c422) 3.Cashew nuts (c422) 3.Cashew nuts (c422) 3.Cashew nuts (c422) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 4.Cocoa (c423) 4.Cocoa (c423) 4.Cocoa (c423) 4.Cocoa (c423) 4.Cocoa (c423) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 5. Tobacco (c424) 5. Tobacco (c424) 5. Tobacco (c424) 5. Tobacco (c424) 5. Tobacco (c424) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 6.Coffee (c425) 6.Coffee (c425) 6.Coffee (c425) 6.Coffee (c425) 6.Coffee (c425) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 7.Tea (c426) 7.Tea (c426) 7.Tea (c426) 7.Tea (c426) 7.Tea (c426) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 8.Sisal (c427) 8.Sisal (c427) 8.Sisal (c427) 8.Sisal (c427) 8.Sisal (c427) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 9. Pyrethrum (c428) 9. Pyrethrum (c428) 9. Pyrethrum (c428) 9. Pyrethrum (c428) 9. Pyrethrum (c428) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 10. Fruits and vegetables, mainly for export 10. Fruits and vegetables, mainly for export 10. Fruits and vegetables, mainly for export 10. Fruits and vegetables, mainly for export 10. Fruits and vegetables, mainly for export -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 11. Flowers 11. Flowers 11. Flowers 11. Flowers 11. Flowers -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 12. Spices, like ginger and vanilla 12. Spices, like ginger and vanilla 12. Spices, like ginger and vanilla 12. Spices, like ginger and vanilla 12. Spices, like ginger and vanilla -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes 13. Other (c429) 13. Other (c429) 13. Other (c429) 13. Other (c429) 13. Other (c429) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What is the total size of your farm devoted to the cash crops mentioned? What is the total size of your farm devoted to the cash crops mentioned? What is the total size of your farm devoted to the cash crops mentioned? What is the total size of your farm devoted to the cash crops mentioned? What is the total size of your farm devoted to the cash crops mentioned? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of this land was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ ha (c431) How much of this land was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ ha (c431) How much of this land was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ ha (c431) How much of this land was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ ha (c431) How much of this land was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ ha (c431) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c During the most recent season, did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Was animal manure used? (c433) Was animal manure used? (c433) Was animal manure used? (c433) Was animal manure used? (c433) Was animal manure used? (c433) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Was green manure used? (c434) Was green manure used? (c434) Was green manure used? (c434) Was green manure used? (c434) Was green manure used? (c434) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Were pesticides applied? (c435) Were pesticides applied? (c435) Were pesticides applied? (c435) Were pesticides applied? (c435) Were pesticides applied? (c435) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c436) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c436) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c436) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c436) Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? (c436) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No crops are sold 1 Cotton 2 Sugar cane 3 Cashew nuts 4 Cocoa 5 Tobacco 6 Coffee 7 Tea 8 Sisal 9 Pyrethrum 10 Fruits and vegetables,mainly for export 11 Flowers 12 Spices,like ginger and vanilla 13 Others Is the price you receive for your most profitable non-food cash crop better or w Is the price you receive for your most profitable non-food cash crop better or w Is the price you receive for your most profitable non-food cash crop better or w Is the price you receive for your most profitable non-food cash crop better or w Is the price you receive for your most profitable non-food cash crop better or w -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown at that time 1 Worse price today (price has reduced) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has incresed) In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown at that time 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo In your view, how has the overall market access for your most profitable non-foo -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Crop not grown at that time 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now How much of the work involved in the production of this cash crop does the farm How much of the work involved in the production of this cash crop does the farm How much of the work involved in the production of this cash crop does the farm How much of the work involved in the production of this cash crop does the farm How much of the work involved in the production of this cash crop does the farm -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: Person no. 1 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: Person no. 2 involved: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household In case either only men or only women are responsible for the production of this In case either only men or only women are responsible for the production of this In case either only men or only women are responsible for the production of this In case either only men or only women are responsible for the production of this In case either only men or only women are responsible for the production of this -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, has there been any change in the overall a Since you formed your farm/household, has there been any change in the overall a Since you formed your farm/household, has there been any change in the overall a Since you formed your farm/household, has there been any change in the overall a Since you formed your farm/household, has there been any change in the overall a -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less land under cash crops now 2 No change 3 More land under cash crops now Has there been any change in the overall amount of land devoted to non-food cash Has there been any change in the overall amount of land devoted to non-food cash Has there been any change in the overall amount of land devoted to non-food cash Has there been any change in the overall amount of land devoted to non-food cash Has there been any change in the overall amount of land devoted to non-food cash -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less land under cash crops now 2 No change 3 More land under cash crops now Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Crop rotation major reason 1: Crop rotation major reason 1: Crop rotation major reason 1: Crop rotation major reason 1: Crop rotation major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Intercropping major reason 1: Intercropping major reason 1: Intercropping major reason 1: Intercropping major reason 1: Intercropping major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Intercroping with nitrogen fixing crops(beans etc.) major reason 1: Intercroping with nitrogen fixing crops(beans etc.) major reason 1: Intercroping with nitrogen fixing crops(beans etc.) major reason 1: Intercroping with nitrogen fixing crops(beans etc.) major reason 1: Intercroping with nitrogen fixing crops(beans etc.) major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Fallowing major reason 1: Fallowing major reason 1: Fallowing major reason 1: Fallowing major reason 1: Fallowing major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Improved fallowing major reason 1: Improved fallowing major reason 1: Improved fallowing major reason 1: Improved fallowing major reason 1: Improved fallowing major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Animal manure major reason 1: Animal manure major reason 1: Animal manure major reason 1: Animal manure major reason 1: Animal manure major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Zero or minimum tillage major reason 1: Zero or minimum tillage major reason 1: Zero or minimum tillage major reason 1: Zero or minimum tillage major reason 1: Zero or minimum tillage major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Breaking the hard pan major reason 1: Breaking the hard pan major reason 1: Breaking the hard pan major reason 1: Breaking the hard pan major reason 1: Breaking the hard pan major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Green manure/compost/resiude incorporation major reason 1: Green manure/compost/resiude incorporation major reason 1: Green manure/compost/resiude incorporation major reason 1: Green manure/compost/resiude incorporation major reason 1: Green manure/compost/resiude incorporation major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Chemical fertilizer major reason 1: Chemical fertilizer major reason 1: Chemical fertilizer major reason 1: Chemical fertilizer major reason 1: Chemical fertilizer major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips,terracing etc.) major rea Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips,terracing etc.) major rea Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips,terracing etc.) major rea Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips,terracing etc.) major rea Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips,terracing etc.) major rea -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Improved planting practices major reason 1: Improved planting practices major reason 1: Improved planting practices major reason 1: Improved planting practices major reason 1: Improved planting practices major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) major reason 1: Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) major reason 1: Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) major reason 1: Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) major reason 1: Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Integrated pest management (ipm) major reason 1: Integrated pest management (ipm) major reason 1: Integrated pest management (ipm) major reason 1: Integrated pest management (ipm) major reason 1: Integrated pest management (ipm) major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Agroforestry major reason 1: Agroforestry major reason 1: Agroforestry major reason 1: Agroforestry major reason 1: Agroforestry major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Pesticides/herbicides major reason 1: Pesticides/herbicides major reason 1: Pesticides/herbicides major reason 1: Pesticides/herbicides major reason 1: Pesticides/herbicides major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Rain water harvesting major reason 1: Rain water harvesting major reason 1: Rain water harvesting major reason 1: Rain water harvesting major reason 1: Rain water harvesting major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Irrigation major reason 1: Irrigation major reason 1: Irrigation major reason 1: Irrigation major reason 1: Irrigation major reason 1: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: Major reason 2: -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am already practicing this technique or i am not familiar 1 They are too labour consuming 2 They involve other extra costs which i cannot afford, eg inp 3 I do not find it as a relevant technique for me, eg they do 4 They demand community efforts, which do not exist at this po 5 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it for e 6 I used to practice the technique but have abandoned it since 8 Shortage of land 9 Distance of land from home 10 Shortage of water 11 Shortage ofanimals 12 Take long time to prepare it 13 Shortage of crop variety 14 There is no access/not available 15 Lack of exposure/not known 16 Not applied here Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not practicing this technique 1 I learnt of it from my parents/ a family member 2 I learnt of it from a fellow farmer/ a neighbour 3 I learnt of it from an extension agent/ ngo/ other formal or 4 I learnt of it from the radio/ newspaper/ tv 5 I learnt of it from an ngo 6 I learnt of it from the input supplier/ private trader 7 I learnt of it through an outgrower scheme 8 Other Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation Crop rotation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing Fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure Animal manure -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage Zero or minimum tillage -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan Breaking the hard pan -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation Green manure/compost/residue incorporation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizer -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Pesticides or herbicides Pesticides or herbicides Pesticides or herbicides Pesticides or herbicides Pesticides or herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a I am not familiar with this technique 1 Within the last year 2 Within the last five years (2002-2007) 3 More than five years ago 4 I am not practicing this technique 5 Not practising this technique but knows What type of drying facility do you use when you are going to dry your produce? What type of drying facility do you use when you are going to dry your produce? What type of drying facility do you use when you are going to dry your produce? What type of drying facility do you use when you are going to dry your produce? What type of drying facility do you use when you are going to dry your produce? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None, i dry it on the ground 1 Tarmac road 2 Bags, tarpaulins, mats 3 Concrete drying floor 4 Other How do you store your produce? __ How do you store your produce? __ How do you store your produce? __ How do you store your produce? __ How do you store your produce? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Bags inside house 2 In a grainery 3 Bags in a proper store 4 Other In the case that you store the bags inside your house, how do you store them? _ In the case that you store the bags inside your house, how do you store them? _ In the case that you store the bags inside your house, how do you store them? _ In the case that you store the bags inside your house, how do you store them? _ In the case that you store the bags inside your house, how do you store them? _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 In bags straight on the floor 2 In bags on pallets on the floor to allow for air circulation 3 In bags under the ceiling 4 Other Do you use any pesticides or any other technique to protect your stored crop, e. Do you use any pesticides or any other technique to protect your stored crop, e. Do you use any pesticides or any other technique to protect your stored crop, e. Do you use any pesticides or any other technique to protect your stored crop, e. Do you use any pesticides or any other technique to protect your stored crop, e. -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If you consider a bag of grain that you store before selling or consuming, when If you consider a bag of grain that you store before selling or consuming, when If you consider a bag of grain that you store before selling or consuming, when If you consider a bag of grain that you store before selling or consuming, when If you consider a bag of grain that you store before selling or consuming, when -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No post harvest losses Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ h How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ h How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ h How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ h How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated? _ _ _, _ _ h -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? (c444) If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? (c444) If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? (c444) If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? (c444) If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? (c444) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Privately owned well 2 Privately owned river diversion 3 Community owned irrigation system 4 Government owned scheme 5 Other Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less land is cultivated now 2 No change 3 More land is cultivated now Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No land was irrigated at that time 1 Less land is irrigated now 2 No change 3 More land is irrigated now Cows (c447) Cows (c447) Cows (c447) Cows (c447) Cows (c447) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Oxen (c448) Oxen (c448) Oxen (c448) Oxen (c448) Oxen (c448) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Goats/sheep (c449) Goats/sheep (c449) Goats/sheep (c449) Goats/sheep (c449) Goats/sheep (c449) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Camels/donkeys (c450) Camels/donkeys (c450) Camels/donkeys (c450) Camels/donkeys (c450) Camels/donkeys (c450) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Pigs (c451) Pigs (c451) Pigs (c451) Pigs (c451) Pigs (c451) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Poultry (c452) Poultry (c452) Poultry (c452) Poultry (c452) Poultry (c452) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Do you regularly sell any animal produce, like milk etc.? Do you regularly sell any animal produce, like milk etc.? Do you regularly sell any animal produce, like milk etc.? Do you regularly sell any animal produce, like milk etc.? Do you regularly sell any animal produce, like milk etc.? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you regularly sell animals? Do you regularly sell animals? Do you regularly sell animals? Do you regularly sell animals? Do you regularly sell animals? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you use your livestock for draught or transport? Do you use your livestock for draught or transport? Do you use your livestock for draught or transport? Do you use your livestock for draught or transport? Do you use your livestock for draught or transport? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you stall-feed any cattle? (c454) Do you stall-feed any cattle? (c454) Do you stall-feed any cattle? (c454) Do you stall-feed any cattle? (c454) Do you stall-feed any cattle? (c454) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes How do you keep most of your cattle? (c455) How do you keep most of your cattle? (c455) How do you keep most of your cattle? (c455) How do you keep most of your cattle? (c455) How do you keep most of your cattle? (c455) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Stall feeding (zero grazing, tethered) 2 Private (own) grazing land 3 Communal (open) grazing land Do you cultivate fodder crops? (c453) Do you cultivate fodder crops? (c453) Do you cultivate fodder crops? (c453) Do you cultivate fodder crops? (c453) Do you cultivate fodder crops? (c453) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cattle? (c4 At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cattle? (c4 At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cattle? (c4 At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cattle? (c4 At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cattle? (c4 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cattle At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cattle At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cattle At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cattle At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cattle -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Stall feeding (zero grazing) 2 Private (own) grazing land 3 Communal (open) grazing land If you have cows, how many are graded or cross-breed milk cows? If you have cows, how many are graded or cross-breed milk cows? If you have cows, how many are graded or cross-breed milk cows? If you have cows, how many are graded or cross-breed milk cows? If you have cows, how many are graded or cross-breed milk cows? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows, if you had any, gr At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows, if you had any, gr At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows, if you had any, gr At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows, if you had any, gr At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows, if you had any, gr -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you have a fish pond? Do you have a fish pond? Do you have a fish pond? Do you have a fish pond? Do you have a fish pond? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you have access to fishing waters/ do you fish? Do you have access to fishing waters/ do you fish? Do you have access to fishing waters/ do you fish? Do you have access to fishing waters/ do you fish? Do you have access to fishing waters/ do you fish? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes For which purpose are you mainly fishing? For which purpose are you mainly fishing? For which purpose are you mainly fishing? For which purpose are you mainly fishing? For which purpose are you mainly fishing? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Household uses/ own consumption 2 Commercial purposes 3 Other purpose 16-60 years? (c460) 16-60 years? (c460) 16-60 years? (c460) 16-60 years? (c460) 16-60 years? (c460) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No. Of males (c461) No. Of males (c461) No. Of males (c461) No. Of males (c461) No. Of males (c461) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No. Of females (c462) No. Of females (c462) No. Of females (c462) No. Of females (c462) No. Of females (c462) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No. Of household members who regularly sleep here:15 and below? (c464) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here:15 and below? (c464) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here:15 and below? (c464) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here:15 and below? (c464) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here:15 and below? (c464) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No. Of household members who regularly sleep here: 61 and above? (c465) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here: 61 and above? (c465) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here: 61 and above? (c465) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here: 61 and above? (c465) No. Of household members who regularly sleep here: 61 and above? (c465) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How many of the household members are able workers? How many of the household members are able workers? How many of the household members are able workers? How many of the household members are able workers? How many of the household members are able workers? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years 16-60 years -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below 15 and below -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above 61 and above -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Main occupation of head of household? (c466) Main occupation of head of household? (c466) Main occupation of head of household? (c466) Main occupation of head of household? (c466) Main occupation of head of household? (c466) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Farming 2 Non-farm 3 Do not work (retired) Main occupation of farm manager? (c467) Main occupation of farm manager? (c467) Main occupation of farm manager? (c467) Main occupation of farm manager? (c467) Main occupation of farm manager? (c467) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Farming 2 Non-farm 3 Do not work (retired) How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on non-farm emp How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on non-farm emp How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on non-farm emp How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on non-farm emp How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on non-farm emp -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on employment outside the fa How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on employment outside the fa How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on employment outside the fa How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on employment outside the fa How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on employment outside the fa -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on non-farm employment on a How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on non-farm employment on a How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on non-farm employment on a How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on non-farm employment on a How many adult household members (16-60 years) take on non-farm employment on a -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Land preparation Land preparation Land preparation Land preparation Land preparation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Planting Planting Planting Planting Planting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Weeding Weeding Weeding Weeding Weeding -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Fertilising Fertilising Fertilising Fertilising Fertilising -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Watching crops Watching crops Watching crops Watching crops Watching crops -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Transporting crops Transporting crops Transporting crops Transporting crops Transporting crops -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Tending livestock Tending livestock Tending livestock Tending livestock Tending livestock -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Other Other Other Other Other -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mainly men 2 Mainly women 3 Equal participation Does your household regularly hire farm labour? (c472) Does your household regularly hire farm labour? (c472) Does your household regularly hire farm labour? (c472) Does your household regularly hire farm labour? (c472) Does your household regularly hire farm labour? (c472) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Land preparation (c473) Land preparation (c473) Land preparation (c473) Land preparation (c473) Land preparation (c473) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Planting (c475) Planting (c475) Planting (c475) Planting (c475) Planting (c475) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Weeding (c477) Weeding (c477) Weeding (c477) Weeding (c477) Weeding (c477) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fertilising (c479) Fertilising (c479) Fertilising (c479) Fertilising (c479) Fertilising (c479) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Watching crops (c474) Watching crops (c474) Watching crops (c474) Watching crops (c474) Watching crops (c474) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Harvesting (c480) Harvesting (c480) Harvesting (c480) Harvesting (c480) Harvesting (c480) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Transporting crops (c478) Transporting crops (c478) Transporting crops (c478) Transporting crops (c478) Transporting crops (c478) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Tending livestock (c476) Tending livestock (c476) Tending livestock (c476) Tending livestock (c476) Tending livestock (c476) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other (c481) Other (c481) Other (c481) Other (c481) Other (c481) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Does your family use [exchange labour]? Does your family use [exchange labour]? Does your family use [exchange labour]? Does your family use [exchange labour]? Does your family use [exchange labour]? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Land preparation Land preparation Land preparation Land preparation Land preparation -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Planting Planting Planting Planting Planting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Weeding Weeding Weeding Weeding Weeding -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fertilising Fertilising Fertilising Fertilising Fertilising -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Watching crops Watching crops Watching crops Watching crops Watching crops -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Transporting crops Transporting crops Transporting crops Transporting crops Transporting crops -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Tending livestock Tending livestock Tending livestock Tending livestock Tending livestock -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Other Other Other Other Other -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Have you received advice from extension staff (governmental) at any time during Have you received advice from extension staff (governmental) at any time during Have you received advice from extension staff (governmental) at any time during Have you received advice from extension staff (governmental) at any time during Have you received advice from extension staff (governmental) at any time during -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Never 1 Rarely 2 Regularly Have you received advice from non-governmental extension services at any time du Have you received advice from non-governmental extension services at any time du Have you received advice from non-governmental extension services at any time du Have you received advice from non-governmental extension services at any time du Have you received advice from non-governmental extension services at any time du -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Never 1 Rarely 2 Regularly If you have received advice from any extension service (governmental or non-gove If you have received advice from any extension service (governmental or non-gove If you have received advice from any extension service (governmental or non-gove If you have received advice from any extension service (governmental or non-gove If you have received advice from any extension service (governmental or non-gove -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer group/organisation/club/asso Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer group/organisation/club/asso Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer group/organisation/club/asso Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer group/organisation/club/asso Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer group/organisation/club/asso -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? (c485) Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? (c485) Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? (c485) Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? (c485) Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? (c485) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? (c How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? (c How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? (c How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? (c How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? (c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 I was allocated virgin land/pasture 2 I was allocated family land under fallow 3 I inherited land already under cultivation 4 I purchased land 5 I borrowed/rented land What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? (c487) What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? (c487) What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? (c487) What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? (c487) What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? (c487) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Individually owned by farm household 2 Use rights allocated by communal/clan/ government authority 3 Rented/borrowed from other individuals/ families Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Full control 2 Need permission Do you hold a formal title or registration of all or parts of your land? Do you hold a formal title or registration of all or parts of your land? Do you hold a formal title or registration of all or parts of your land? Do you hold a formal title or registration of all or parts of your land? Do you hold a formal title or registration of all or parts of your land? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Clearing virgin land? Clearing virgin land? Clearing virgin land? Clearing virgin land? Clearing virgin land? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Turning grazing land into cultivation? Turning grazing land into cultivation? Turning grazing land into cultivation? Turning grazing land into cultivation? Turning grazing land into cultivation? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation? Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation? Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation? Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation? Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Renting / borrowing land? Renting / borrowing land? Renting / borrowing land? Renting / borrowing land? Renting / borrowing land? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Buying land? __ Buying land? __ Buying land? __ Buying land? __ Buying land? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Clearing virgin land 2 Turning grazing land into cultivation 3 Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation 4 Renting/borrowing land 5 Buying land How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? (c490) How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? (c490) How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? (c490) How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? (c490) How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? (c490) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 They will be allocated land not previously cultivated (virgi 2 They will be allocated family land now under fallow 3 They will inherit land already under cultivation 4 They will rent/borrow land 5 They will purchase land Which income source generated most cash for your household in the course of the Which income source generated most cash for your household in the course of the Which income source generated most cash for your household in the course of the Which income source generated most cash for your household in the course of the Which income source generated most cash for your household in the course of the -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Sale of food staples 2 Sale of other food crops 3 Sale of non-food cash crops 4 Sale of animals/animal produce 5 Leasing out machinery (e.G. Tractors) and/or equipment, oxen 6 Work on others' farms/agricultural labour 7 7 Non-farm salaried employment 8 Micro,business 9 Large-scale business 10 Rent,intrest 11 Pension 12 Remitance from absent household member,childeren etc. Which farm income source generated most cash for this household in the course of Which farm income source generated most cash for this household in the course of Which farm income source generated most cash for this household in the course of Which farm income source generated most cash for this household in the course of Which farm income source generated most cash for this household in the course of -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Sale of food staples 2 Sale of other food crops 3 Sale of non food cash cropos 4 Sale of animal produce 5 Leasing out machinery etc 01.Sale of food staples (cf. C491) _ _ _ _ usd 01.Sale of food staples (cf. C491) _ _ _ _ usd 01.Sale of food staples (cf. C491) _ _ _ _ usd 01.Sale of food staples (cf. C491) _ _ _ _ usd 01.Sale of food staples (cf. C491) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 02.Sale of other food crops (cf. C492) _ _ _ _ usd 02.Sale of other food crops (cf. C492) _ _ _ _ usd 02.Sale of other food crops (cf. C492) _ _ _ _ usd 02.Sale of other food crops (cf. C492) _ _ _ _ usd 02.Sale of other food crops (cf. C492) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 03.Sale of non-food cash crops (cf. C493) _ _ _ _ usd 03.Sale of non-food cash crops (cf. C493) _ _ _ _ usd 03.Sale of non-food cash crops (cf. C493) _ _ _ _ usd 03.Sale of non-food cash crops (cf. C493) _ _ _ _ usd 03.Sale of non-food cash crops (cf. C493) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 04.Sale of animals/animal produce (cf. C494) _ _ _ _ usd 04.Sale of animals/animal produce (cf. C494) _ _ _ _ usd 04.Sale of animals/animal produce (cf. C494) _ _ _ _ usd 04.Sale of animals/animal produce (cf. C494) _ _ _ _ usd 04.Sale of animals/animal produce (cf. C494) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 05.Leasing out machinery (e.G. Tractors) and/or equipment, oxen, push carts etc. 05.Leasing out machinery (e.G. Tractors) and/or equipment, oxen, push carts etc. 05.Leasing out machinery (e.G. Tractors) and/or equipment, oxen, push carts etc. 05.Leasing out machinery (e.G. Tractors) and/or equipment, oxen, push carts etc. 05.Leasing out machinery (e.G. Tractors) and/or equipment, oxen, push carts etc. -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 06.Work on others' farms /agricultural labour _ _ _ _ usd 06.Work on others' farms /agricultural labour _ _ _ _ usd 06.Work on others' farms /agricultural labour _ _ _ _ usd 06.Work on others' farms /agricultural labour _ _ _ _ usd 06.Work on others' farms /agricultural labour _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 07.Non-farm salaried employment (cf. C495) _ _ _ _ usd 07.Non-farm salaried employment (cf. C495) _ _ _ _ usd 07.Non-farm salaried employment (cf. C495) _ _ _ _ usd 07.Non-farm salaried employment (cf. C495) _ _ _ _ usd 07.Non-farm salaried employment (cf. C495) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 08.Micro business (cf. C496) _ _ _ _ usd 08.Micro business (cf. C496) _ _ _ _ usd 08.Micro business (cf. C496) _ _ _ _ usd 08.Micro business (cf. C496) _ _ _ _ usd 08.Micro business (cf. C496) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 09.Large-scale business (cf. C497) _ _ _ _ usd 09.Large-scale business (cf. C497) _ _ _ _ usd 09.Large-scale business (cf. C497) _ _ _ _ usd 09.Large-scale business (cf. C497) _ _ _ _ usd 09.Large-scale business (cf. C497) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 10.Rent, interest (cf. C498) _ _ _ _ usd 10.Rent, interest (cf. C498) _ _ _ _ usd 10.Rent, interest (cf. C498) _ _ _ _ usd 10.Rent, interest (cf. C498) _ _ _ _ usd 10.Rent, interest (cf. C498) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 11.Pensions (cf. C499) _ _ _ _ usd 11.Pensions (cf. C499) _ _ _ _ usd 11.Pensions (cf. C499) _ _ _ _ usd 11.Pensions (cf. C499) _ _ _ _ usd 11.Pensions (cf. C499) _ _ _ _ usd -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 12.Remittances from absent household members, children etc. (cf. C500) _ _ _ _ 12.Remittances from absent household members, children etc. (cf. C500) _ _ _ _ 12.Remittances from absent household members, children etc. (cf. C500) _ _ _ _ 12.Remittances from absent household members, children etc. (cf. C500) _ _ _ _ 12.Remittances from absent household members, children etc. (cf. C500) _ _ _ _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Wired electricity/power (c503) Wired electricity/power (c503) Wired electricity/power (c503) Wired electricity/power (c503) Wired electricity/power (c503) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Mobile or stationary telephone (c504) Mobile or stationary telephone (c504) Mobile or stationary telephone (c504) Mobile or stationary telephone (c504) Mobile or stationary telephone (c504) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Diesel power generator or similar (c505) Diesel power generator or similar (c505) Diesel power generator or similar (c505) Diesel power generator or similar (c505) Diesel power generator or similar (c505) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Water pipe to house (c506) Water pipe to house (c506) Water pipe to house (c506) Water pipe to house (c506) Water pipe to house (c506) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Tv-set (c507) Tv-set (c507) Tv-set (c507) Tv-set (c507) Tv-set (c507) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Radio (c508) Radio (c508) Radio (c508) Radio (c508) Radio (c508) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Tape recorder (c509) Tape recorder (c509) Tape recorder (c509) Tape recorder (c509) Tape recorder (c509) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Bicycle (c510) Bicycle (c510) Bicycle (c510) Bicycle (c510) Bicycle (c510) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sewing machine (c511) Sewing machine (c511) Sewing machine (c511) Sewing machine (c511) Sewing machine (c511) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Kerosene stove or other modern stove (c512) Kerosene stove or other modern stove (c512) Kerosene stove or other modern stove (c512) Kerosene stove or other modern stove (c512) Kerosene stove or other modern stove (c512) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Battery torch (c513) Battery torch (c513) Battery torch (c513) Battery torch (c513) Battery torch (c513) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If you do not own a mobile or stationary telephone - do you still have access to If you do not own a mobile or stationary telephone - do you still have access to If you do not own a mobile or stationary telephone - do you still have access to If you do not own a mobile or stationary telephone - do you still have access to If you do not own a mobile or stationary telephone - do you still have access to -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Means of transport: which is your most advanced means of own transport? (c514) Means of transport: which is your most advanced means of own transport? (c514) Means of transport: which is your most advanced means of own transport? (c514) Means of transport: which is your most advanced means of own transport? (c514) Means of transport: which is your most advanced means of own transport? (c514) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Foot 2 Bicycle 3 Donkey/horse 4 Motor bike 5 Car, tractor, truck Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? (c515) Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? (c515) Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? (c515) Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? (c515) Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? (c515) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Mud house with thatched roof 2 Mud house with corrugated iron roof 3 Block/brick house with corrugated iron roof or other more ad For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Very poor 2 Below average wealth 3 Average wealth 4 Above average 5 Very wealthy Seeds (c517) Seeds (c517) Seeds (c517) Seeds (c517) Seeds (c517) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Chemical fertilizer (c518) Chemical fertilizer (c518) Chemical fertilizer (c518) Chemical fertilizer (c518) Chemical fertilizer (c518) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Pesticides (c519) Pesticides (c519) Pesticides (c519) Pesticides (c519) Pesticides (c519) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Hired labour (c520) Hired labour (c520) Hired labour (c520) Hired labour (c520) Hired labour (c520) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Land rented (c521) Land rented (c521) Land rented (c521) Land rented (c521) Land rented (c521) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Machinery/ implements for land preparation (c522) Machinery/ implements for land preparation (c522) Machinery/ implements for land preparation (c522) Machinery/ implements for land preparation (c522) Machinery/ implements for land preparation (c522) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Transport (c523) Transport (c523) Transport (c523) Transport (c523) Transport (c523) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.) (c524) Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.) (c524) Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.) (c524) Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.) (c524) Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.) (c524) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No cash outlay 1 A low/small cost 2 A moderate cost 3 A very significant cost Maize (c525) Maize (c525) Maize (c525) Maize (c525) Maize (c525) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Teff (c526) Teff (c526) Teff (c526) Teff (c526) Teff (c526) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sorghum (c527) Sorghum (c527) Sorghum (c527) Sorghum (c527) Sorghum (c527) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Wheat (c528) Wheat (c528) Wheat (c528) Wheat (c528) Wheat (c528) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Bananas (c529) Bananas (c529) Bananas (c529) Bananas (c529) Bananas (c529) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Beans (c530) Beans (c530) Beans (c530) Beans (c530) Beans (c530) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Peas (c531) Peas (c531) Peas (c531) Peas (c531) Peas (c531) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Irish potatoes (c532) Irish potatoes (c532) Irish potatoes (c532) Irish potatoes (c532) Irish potatoes (c532) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Sweet potatoes (c533) Sweet potatoes (c533) Sweet potatoes (c533) Sweet potatoes (c533) Sweet potatoes (c533) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Millet (c534) Millet (c534) Millet (c534) Millet (c534) Millet (c534) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Groundnuts? (c535) Groundnuts? (c535) Groundnuts? (c535) Groundnuts? (c535) Groundnuts? (c535) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Vegetables (c536) Vegetables (c536) Vegetables (c536) Vegetables (c536) Vegetables (c536) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Milk (c537) Milk (c537) Milk (c537) Milk (c537) Milk (c537) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Meat (c538) Meat (c538) Meat (c538) Meat (c538) Meat (c538) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fish (c539) Fish (c539) Fish (c539) Fish (c539) Fish (c539) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Egg Egg Egg Egg Egg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? (c542) Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? (c542) Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? (c542) Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? (c542) Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? (c542) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breakfast Breakfast Breakfast Breakfast Breakfast -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breakfast Breakfast Breakfast Breakfast Breakfast -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Have you ever purchased or received stem-cuttings from a formal agency or from a Have you ever purchased or received stem-cuttings from a formal agency or from a Have you ever purchased or received stem-cuttings from a formal agency or from a Have you ever purchased or received stem-cuttings from a formal agency or from a Have you ever purchased or received stem-cuttings from a formal agency or from a No 1 Yes During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on cassava in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on cassava in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on cassava in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on cassava in the most recent se What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on cassava in the most recent se No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on cassava? (c211) During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on cassava? (c211) During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on cassava? (c211) During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on cassava? (c211) During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on cassava? (c211) No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Cassava fields: during last year did you use/apply…? crop rotation (c213) Cassava fields: during last year did you use/apply…? crop rotation (c213) Cassava fields: during last year did you use/apply…? crop rotation (c213) Cassava fields: during last year did you use/apply…? crop rotation (c213) Cassava fields: during last year did you use/apply…? crop rotation (c213) No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c214) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c214) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c214) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c214) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c214) No 1 Yes Fallowing (c215) Fallowing (c215) Fallowing (c215) Fallowing (c215) Fallowing (c215) No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing No 1 Yes Animal manure (c216) Animal manure (c216) Animal manure (c216) Animal manure (c216) Animal manure (c216) No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C217) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C217) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C217) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C217) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C217) No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C217) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C217) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C217) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C217) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C217) No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c218) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c218) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c218) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c218) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c218) No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c219 Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c219 Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c219 Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c219 Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c219 No 1 Yes Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? (c220) When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? (c220) When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? (c220) When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? (c220) When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? (c220) No 1 Yes Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on cassava today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on cassava today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on cassava today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on cassava today as compared to when Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on cassava today as compared to when No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then Were pesticides applied on cassava at that time? (c223) Were pesticides applied on cassava at that time? (c223) Were pesticides applied on cassava at that time? (c223) Were pesticides applied on cassava at that time? (c223) Were pesticides applied on cassava at that time? (c223) No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c225) Crop rotation (c225) Crop rotation (c225) Crop rotation (c225) Crop rotation (c225) No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c226) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c226) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c226) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c226) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c226) No 1 Yes Fallowing (c227) __ Fallowing (c227) __ Fallowing (c227) __ Fallowing (c227) __ Fallowing (c227) __ No 1 Yes Animal manure (c228) __ Animal manure (c228) __ Animal manure (c228) __ Animal manure (c228) __ Animal manure (c228) __ No 1 Yes Conservation tillage (cf. C229) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C229) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C229) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C229) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C229) __ No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C229) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C229) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C229) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C229) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C229) __ No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c230) __ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c230) __ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c230) __ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c230) __ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c230) __ No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c231) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c231) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c231) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c231) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c231) No 1 Yes Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year counting from today? (c2 Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year counting from today? (c2 Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year counting from today? (c2 Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year counting from today? (c2 Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year counting from today? (c2 No 1 Yes Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips 1 Mainly sold as tubers 2 Mainly sold in processed form What was the total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during this perio What was the total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during this perio What was the total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during this perio What was the total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during this perio What was the total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during this perio What was (is) the lowest price you received during this period for tubers? _ _ What was (is) the lowest price you received during this period for tubers? _ _ What was (is) the lowest price you received during this period for tubers? _ _ What was (is) the lowest price you received during this period for tubers? _ _ What was (is) the lowest price you received during this period for tubers? _ _ What was (is) the highest price you received during this period for tubers? __ What was (is) the highest price you received during this period for tubers? __ What was (is) the highest price you received during this period for tubers? __ What was (is) the highest price you received during this period for tubers? __ What was (is) the highest price you received during this period for tubers? __ Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q No 1 Yes, for some of my produce 2 Yes, for most of my produce What is your main market outlet for cassava? (c241) __ What is your main market outlet for cassava? (c241) __ What is your main market outlet for cassava? (c241) __ What is your main market outlet for cassava? (c241) __ What is your main market outlet for cassava? (c241) __ 1 At farm gate 2 In the village market 3 In market outside the village 4 Through outgrower scheme 5 State marketing board 6 Ngo or donor project 7 Farmers groups or organization 8 Other Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade No 1 Yes Did you sell any cassava during the year before the last year? __ Did you sell any cassava during the year before the last year? __ Did you sell any cassava during the year before the last year? __ Did you sell any cassava during the year before the last year? __ Did you sell any cassava during the year before the last year? __ No 1 Yes What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin Did you sell any cassava two years ago? __ Did you sell any cassava two years ago? __ Did you sell any cassava two years ago? __ Did you sell any cassava two years ago? __ Did you sell any cassava two years ago? __ No 1 Yes What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers equivalents) sold durin Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? (c247) __ Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? (c247) __ Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? (c247) __ Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? (c247) __ Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? (c247) __ No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of cassava you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of cassava you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of cassava you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of cassava you sell cha Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of cassava you sell cha 1 Less cassava sold now 2 No significant change 3 More cassava sold now Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Did you sell any cassava in 2002? __ Did you sell any cassava in 2002? __ Did you sell any cassava in 2002? __ Did you sell any cassava in 2002? __ Did you sell any cassava in 2002? __ No 1 Yes Since 2002, how has the amount of cassava you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of cassava you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of cassava you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of cassava you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of cassava you sell changed? __ 1 Less cassava sold now 2 No significant change 3 More cassava sold now Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today Is the price you receive for unprocessed cassava (tubers) better or worse today 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since 2002? 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you -9 Missing -8 Uncodabel -7 N/a 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? (c258) During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? (c258) During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? (c258) During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? (c258) During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? (c258) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If irrigated, did you take more than one crop of sorghum per year? (c259) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one crop of sorghum per year? (c259) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one crop of sorghum per year? (c259) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one crop of sorghum per year? (c259) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one crop of sorghum per year? (c259) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No specific use 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 Other uses If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c261) __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c261) __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c261) __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c261) __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c261) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season, compared What was the size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season, compared -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow sorghum at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the average size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season as What was the average size of the land under sorghum in the most recent season as -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow sorghum at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the total production of sorghum (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of sorghum (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of sorghum (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of sorghum (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of sorghum (grain) after your most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? No 1 Yes If irrigated, did you take more than one rice crop per year? (c324) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one rice crop per year? (c324) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one rice crop per year? (c324) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one rice crop per year? (c324) __ If irrigated, did you take more than one rice crop per year? (c324) __ No 1 Yes In addition to rice, what was the land used for? (c325) __ In addition to rice, what was the land used for? (c325) __ In addition to rice, what was the land used for? (c325) __ In addition to rice, what was the land used for? (c325) __ In addition to rice, what was the land used for? (c325) __ No specific use 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 Other uses If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c326 If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c326 If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c326 If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c326 If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? (c326 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? _ _ _, _ _ What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? _ _ _, _ _ What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? _ _ _, _ _ What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? _ _ _, _ _ What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? _ _ _, _ _ What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one? _ _ What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one? _ _ What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one? _ _ What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one? _ _ What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one? _ _ What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one? _ _ _, _ What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one? _ _ _, _ What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one? _ _ _, _ What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one? _ _ _, _ What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one? _ _ _, _ What was the size of the land under rice in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under rice in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under rice in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under rice in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under rice in the most recent season, compared to Did not grow rice at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the average size of the land under rice in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under rice in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under rice in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under rice in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under rice in the most recent season as co Did not grow rice in 2002 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest/la What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest/la What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest/la What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest/la What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest/la What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from Did not grow rice at that time 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yields unchanged 3 Yields have increased In 2002, did you get more or less paddy from a given size of land (e.G. One acre In 2002, did you get more or less paddy from a given size of land (e.G. One acre In 2002, did you get more or less paddy from a given size of land (e.G. One acre In 2002, did you get more or less paddy from a given size of land (e.G. One acre In 2002, did you get more or less paddy from a given size of land (e.G. One acre Did not grow rice in 2002 1 Yields have decreased 2 Yields unchanged 3 Yields have increased 1.Home consumption (c334) _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c334) _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c334) _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c334) _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c334) _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c335) _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c335) _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c335) _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c335) _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c335) _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c336) _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c336) _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c336) _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c336) _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c336) _ _ _ _ kg 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed,brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c337) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed,brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c337) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed,brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c337) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed,brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c337) 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed,brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c337) Total (c.F. D299) _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D299) _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D299) _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D299) _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D299) _ _ _ _ kg How much of the work involved in the production of rice does the farm manager al How much of the work involved in the production of rice does the farm manager al How much of the work involved in the production of rice does the farm manager al How much of the work involved in the production of rice does the farm manager al How much of the work involved in the production of rice does the farm manager al Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c339) _ _ _ % 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c339) _ _ _ % 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c339) _ _ _ % 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c339) _ _ _ % 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c339) _ _ _ % 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c340) _ _ _ % 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c340) _ _ _ % 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c340) _ _ _ % 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c340) _ _ _ % 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c340) _ _ _ % 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c341) _ _ _ % 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c341) _ _ _ % 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c341) _ _ _ % 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c341) _ _ _ % 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c341) _ _ _ % During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c34 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c34 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c34 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c34 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c34 1 Traditional 2 Improved Did you plant any nerica or nerica descendants? __ Did you plant any nerica or nerica descendants? __ Did you plant any nerica or nerica descendants? __ Did you plant any nerica or nerica descendants? __ Did you plant any nerica or nerica descendants? __ No 1 Yes How did you acquire (get hold of) the rice seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the rice seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the rice seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the rice seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the rice seed you used in the most recent seas 1 Own stock 2 Other farmers or neighbours 3 Purchased in the market 4 Received or purchased from extension agents, ngos or other During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on chemical fertilis During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on chemical fertilis During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on chemical fertilis During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on chemical fertilis During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on chemical fertilis What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on rice in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on rice in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on rice in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on rice in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on rice in the most recent seaso No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing rice crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing rice crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing rice crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing rice crop? During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing rice crop? No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c346) Crop rotation (c346) Crop rotation (c346) Crop rotation (c346) Crop rotation (c346) No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c347) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c347) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c347) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c347) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c347) No 1 Yes Fallowing (c348) Fallowing (c348) Fallowing (c348) Fallowing (c348) Fallowing (c348) No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing No 1 Yes Animal manure (c349) Animal manure (c349) Animal manure (c349) Animal manure (c349) Animal manure (c349) No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C350) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C350) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C350) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C350) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C350) No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C350) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C350) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C350) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C350) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C350) No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c351) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c351) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c351) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c351) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c351) No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c352) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c352) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c352) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c352) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c352) No 1 Yes Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices Improved planting practices No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow rice? (c353) When your household was formed, did you grow rice? (c353) When your household was formed, did you grow rice? (c353) When your household was formed, did you grow rice? (c353) When your household was formed, did you grow rice? (c353) No 1 Yes 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c354) _ _ _% 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c354) _ _ _% 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c354) _ _ _% 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c354) _ _ _% 1.Upland rice (rainfed) (c354) _ _ _% 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c355) _ _ _% 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c355) _ _ _% 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c355) _ _ _% 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c355) _ _ _% 2.Lowland rainfed rice (c355) _ _ _% 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c356) _ _ _% 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c356) _ _ _% 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c356) _ _ _% 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c356) _ _ _% 3.Lowland irrigated rice (c356) _ _ _% At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c357) At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c357) At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c357) At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c357) At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? (c357) 1 Traditional 2 Improved Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on rice today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on rice today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on rice today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on rice today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on rice today as compared to when th No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then Were pesticides applied on growing rice crop at that time? (c359) Were pesticides applied on growing rice crop at that time? (c359) Were pesticides applied on growing rice crop at that time? (c359) Were pesticides applied on growing rice crop at that time? (c359) Were pesticides applied on growing rice crop at that time? (c359) No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c361) Crop rotation (c361) Crop rotation (c361) Crop rotation (c361) Crop rotation (c361) No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c362) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c362) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c362) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c362) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) (c362) No 1 Yes Fallowing (c363) Fallowing (c363) Fallowing (c363) Fallowing (c363) Fallowing (c363) No 1 Yes Animal manure (c364) Animal manure (c364) Animal manure (c364) Animal manure (c364) Animal manure (c364) No 1 Yes Conservation tillage (cf. C365) Conservation tillage (cf. C365) Conservation tillage (cf. C365) Conservation tillage (cf. C365) Conservation tillage (cf. C365) No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C365) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C365) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C365) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C365) Breaking the hard pan (cf. C365) No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c366) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c366) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c366) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c366) Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c366) No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c367) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c367) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c367) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c367) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c367) No 1 Yes Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve No 1 Yes What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q No 1 Yes, for some of my produce 2 Yes, for most of my produce What is your main market outlet/crop depot for rice? (c376) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for rice? (c376) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for rice? (c376) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for rice? (c376) What is your main market outlet/crop depot for rice? (c376) 1 At farm gate 2 In the village market 3 In market outside the village 4 Through outgrower scheme 5 State marketing board 6 Ngo or donor project 7 Farmers groups or organization 8 Other Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? No 1 Yes Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? (c378) Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? (c378) Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? (c378) Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? (c378) Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? (c378) No 1 Yes What was the total amount of paddy sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c379) What was the total amount of paddy sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c379) What was the total amount of paddy sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c379) What was the total amount of paddy sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c379) What was the total amount of paddy sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c379) Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c381 What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c381 What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c381 What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c381 What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c381 Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? (c382) Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? (c382) Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? (c382) Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? (c382) Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? (c382) No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of paddy you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of paddy you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of paddy you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of paddy you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of paddy you sell chang 1 Less rice sold now 2 No significant change 3 More rice sold now Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to when the 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Did you sell any rice after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any rice after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any rice after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any rice after the harvest in 2002? Did you sell any rice after the harvest in 2002? No 1 Yes Since 2002, how has the amount of paddy you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of paddy you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of paddy you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of paddy you sell changed? Since 2002, how has the amount of paddy you sell changed? 1 Less rice sold now 2 No significant change 3 More rice sold now Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for paddy better or worse today as compared to in 2002? 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since 2002? 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now What other food crops and/or vegetables do you grow or did grow in the most rece What other food crops and/or vegetables do you grow or did grow in the most rece What other food crops and/or vegetables do you grow or did grow in the most rece What other food crops and/or vegetables do you grow or did grow in the most rece What other food crops and/or vegetables do you grow or did grow in the most rece No 1 Yes Please confirm new household number again: __ __ __ __ Please confirm new household number again: __ __ __ __ Please confirm new household number again: __ __ __ __ Please confirm new household number again: __ __ __ __ Please confirm new household number again: __ __ __ __ Please confirm old household number again, where applicable: __ __ __ __ Please confirm old household number again, where applicable: __ __ __ __ Please confirm old household number again, where applicable: __ __ __ __ Please confirm old household number again, where applicable: __ __ __ __ Please confirm old household number again, where applicable: __ __ __ __ Please confirm new village number again: __ __ __ Please confirm new village number again: __ __ __ Please confirm new village number again: __ __ __ Please confirm new village number again: __ __ __ Please confirm new village number again: __ __ __ Please confirm old village number again, where applicable: __ __ __ Please confirm old village number again, where applicable: __ __ __ Please confirm old village number again, where applicable: __ __ __ Please confirm old village number again, where applicable: __ __ __ Please confirm old village number again, where applicable: __ __ __ If wheat grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If wheat grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If wheat grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If wheat grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started If wheat grown last season but not in 2002: what is the main reason you started During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or was your -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped Was any portion of the land under teff irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under teff irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under teff irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under teff irrigated? (c132) Was any portion of the land under teff irrigated? (c132) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If irrigated, did you take more than one teff crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one teff crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one teff crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one teff crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one teff crop per year? (c133) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes In addition to teff, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to teff, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to teff, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to teff, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to teff, what was the land used for? (c134) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No specific use 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 Other uses If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most rec What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most rec What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most rec What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most rec What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most rec -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) during the season before th What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) during the season before th What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) during the season before th What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) during the season before th What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) during the season before th -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the most What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the most What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the most What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the most What was the area under teff (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the most -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under maize in the most recent season, compared to -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow teff at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the average size of the land under teff in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under teff in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under teff in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under teff in the most recent season as co What was the average size of the land under teff in the most recent season as co -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow teff at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest? _ What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest? _ What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest? _ What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest? _ What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest? _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of teff two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c1 What was the total production of teff two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c1 What was the total production of teff two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c1 What was the total production of teff two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c1 What was the total production of teff two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c1 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow teff at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co Do you get more or less teff from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, co -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow teff at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of maize does the farm manager a -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household 4 Farm manger give his farm for share crop out Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household 4 Farm manger give his farm for share crop out During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with teff During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with teff During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with teff During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with teff During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with teff -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of maize planted? (c1 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid How did you acquire (get hold of) the teff seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the teff seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the teff seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the teff seed you used in the most recent seas How did you acquire (get hold of) the teff seed you used in the most recent seas -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Own stock 2 Other farmers or neighbours 3 Purchased in the market 4 Received or purchased from extension agents, ngos or other During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on teff in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on teff in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on teff in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on teff in the most recent seaso What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on teff in the most recent seaso -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing teff crop? (c1 During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing teff crop? (c1 During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing teff crop? (c1 During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing teff crop? (c1 During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing teff crop? (c1 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c152) __ Crop rotation (c152) __ Crop rotation (c152) __ Crop rotation (c152) __ Crop rotation (c152) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping __ Intercropping __ Intercropping __ Intercropping __ Intercropping __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) Integrated pest management (ipm) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry Agroforestry -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides Pesticides/herbicides -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow teff? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow teff? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow teff? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow teff? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow teff? (c159) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of teff pl At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of teff pl At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of teff pl At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of teff pl At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of teff pl -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on teff today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on teff today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on teff today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on teff today as compared to when th Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on teff today as compared to when th -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then Were pesticides applied on growing teff crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing teff crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing teff crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing teff crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing teff crop at that time? (c163) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes, for some of my produce 2 Yes, for most of my produce What is your main market outlet/crop depot for teff? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for teff? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for teff? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for teff? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for teff? (c180) ____ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 At farm gate 2 In the village market 3 In market outside the village 4 Through outgrower scheme 5 State marketing board 6 Ngo or donor project 7 Farmers groups or organization 8 Other Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of teff sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of teff sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of teff sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of teff sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of teff sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg ( -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) Did you sell any maize at the time when this household was formed? (c186) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of teff you sell change Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of teff you sell change Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of teff you sell change Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of teff you sell change Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of teff you sell change -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less teff sold now 2 No significant change 3 More teff sold now Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to when the -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Did you sell any teff after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any teff after the harvest in 2002? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since 2002, how has the amount of teff you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of teff you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of teff you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of teff you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of teff you sell changed? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less teff sold now 2 No significant change 3 More teff sold now Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for teff better or worse today as compared to in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since 2002? _ In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since 2002? _ In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since 2002? _ In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since 2002? _ In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since 2002? _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now During the most recent season, did you grow wheat in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow wheat in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow wheat in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow wheat in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow wheat in pure stand only or was your -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? (c132) __ Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? (c132) __ Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? (c132) __ Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? (c132) __ Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? (c132) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes If irrigated, did you take more than one wheat crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one wheat crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one wheat crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one wheat crop per year? (c133) If irrigated, did you take more than one wheat crop per year? (c133) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes In addition to wheat, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to wheat, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to wheat, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to wheat, what was the land used for? (c134) In addition to wheat, what was the land used for? (c134) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No specific use 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 Other uses If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? __ If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the size of the land under wheat in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under wheat in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under wheat in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under wheat in the most recent season, compared to What was the size of the land under wheat in the most recent season, compared to -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow wheat at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the average size of the land under wheat in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under wheat in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under wheat in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under wheat in the most recent season as c What was the average size of the land under wheat in the most recent season as c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow wheat at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then What was the total production of wheat (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of wheat (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of wheat (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of wheat (grain) after your most recent harvest? What was the total production of wheat (grain) after your most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of wheat during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of wheat during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of wheat during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of wheat during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of wheat during the harvest before the most recent -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the total production of wheat two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of wheat two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of wheat two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of wheat two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c What was the total production of wheat two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow wheat at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c Do you get more or less wheat from a given size of land (e.G. One acre) today, c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did not grow wheat at that time 1 Area decreased since then 2 Area unchanged 3 Area increased since then 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 1.Home consumption (c143) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg 2.Payment for hired labour (c144) _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg 3.Sale (c145) ___ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ 4.Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.) (c146) _ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg Total (c.F. D075) _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a How much of the work involved in the production of wheat does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of wheat does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of wheat does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of wheat does the farm manager a How much of the work involved in the production of wheat does the farm manager a -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ Person no. 1 involved: __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household 4 Farm manger gave his farm for share crop out Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ Person no. 2 involved: __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Nobody else 1 Spouse of farm manager 2 Other male member of the household 3 Other female member of the household 4 Farm manger gave his farm for share crop out During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with wheat During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with wheat During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with wheat During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with wheat During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with wheat -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? (c1 During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? (c1 -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid How did you acquire (get hold of) the wheat seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the wheat seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the wheat seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the wheat seed you used in the most recent sea How did you acquire (get hold of) the wheat seed you used in the most recent sea -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Own stock 2 Other farmers or neighbours 3 Purchased in the market 4 Received or purchased from extension agents, ngos or other During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil During the most recent season, how much money did you spend on artificial fertil -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on wheat in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on wheat in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on wheat in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on wheat in the most recent seas What was the amount of chemical fertilizer used on wheat in the most recent seas -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop? (c During the most recent season, were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop? (c -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) Crop rotation (c152) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping Intercropping -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c153) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) Fallowing (c154) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing Improved fallowing -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) Animal manure (c155) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) __ Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) __ Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) __ Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) __ Zero or minimum tillage (cf. C156) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C156) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c157)__ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) Soil and water conservation (level bunds,grass strips, terracing etc.) (c158) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ Improved planting practices __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) __ Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) __ Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) __ Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) __ Integrated (soil) nutrient management (inm) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Integrated pest management (ipm) __ Integrated pest management (ipm) __ Integrated pest management (ipm) __ Integrated pest management (ipm) __ Integrated pest management (ipm) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Agroforestry __ Agroforestry __ Agroforestry __ Agroforestry __ Agroforestry __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Pesticides/herbicides __ Pesticides/herbicides __ Pesticides/herbicides __ Pesticides/herbicides __ Pesticides/herbicides __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? (c159) __ When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? (c159) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of wheat p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of wheat p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of wheat p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of wheat p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of wheat p -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on wheat today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on wheat today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on wheat today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on wheat today as compared to when t Do you use more or less chemical fertilizer on wheat today as compared to when t -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No fertiliser applied at that time 1 Amount decreased since then 2 Amount unchanged 3 Amount increased since then Were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop at that time? (c163) __ Were pesticides applied on growing wheat crop at that time? (c163) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ Crop rotation (c165) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ Intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans, legumes etc.) (c166) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ Fallowing (c167) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ Animal manure (c168) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ Conservation tillage (cf. C169) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ Breaking the hard pan (cf. C169) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ Green manure/compost/residue incorporation (c170)__ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) Soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) (c171) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell or do you intend to sell any wheat following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any wheat following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any wheat following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any wheat following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any wheat following your most recent harve -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of wheat sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of wheat sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of wheat sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of wheat sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of wheat sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the lowest price for wheat you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for wheat you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for wheat you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for wheat you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for wheat you received following the most recent -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q Did the traders pay a lower price for some of your produce due to post-harvest q -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes, for some of my produce 2 Yes, for most of my produce What is your main market outlet/crop depot for wheat? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for wheat? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for wheat? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for wheat? (c180) ____ What is your main market outlet/crop depot for wheat? (c180) ____ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 At farm gate 2 In the village market 3 In market outside the village 4 Through outgrower scheme 5 State marketing board 6 Ngo or donor project 7 Farmers groups or organization 8 Other Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Did you sell any wheat after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest before the most recent one? (c182) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of wheat sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of wheat sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of wheat sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of wheat sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) What was the total amount of wheat sold? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg (c183) -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any wheat after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any wheat after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any wheat after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any wheat after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any wheat after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes What was the total amount of wheat sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of wheat sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of wheat sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of wheat sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg What was the total amount of wheat sold two seasons ago? _ _ _ _ _ _ kg -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a Did you sell any wheat at the time when this household was formed? (c186) __ Did you sell any wheat at the time when this household was formed? (c186) __ Did you sell any wheat at the time when this household was formed? (c186) __ Did you sell any wheat at the time when this household was formed? (c186) __ Did you sell any wheat at the time when this household was formed? (c186) __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of wheat you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of wheat you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of wheat you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of wheat you sell chang Since you formed your farm/household, how has the amount of wheat you sell chang -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less wheat sold now 2 No significant change 3 More wheat sold now Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the Is the price you receive for maize better or worse today as compared to when the -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Did you sell any wheat after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest in 2002? __ Did you sell any wheat after the harvest in 2002? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a No 1 Yes Since 2002, how has the amount of wheat you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of wheat you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of wheat you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of wheat you sell changed? __ Since 2002, how has the amount of wheat you sell changed? __ -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Less wheat sold now 2 No significant change 3 More wheat sold now Is the price you receive for wheat better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for wheat better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for wheat better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for wheat better or worse today as compared to in 2002? Is the price you receive for wheat better or worse today as compared to in 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Worse price today (price has decreased) 2 No significant price change 3 Better price today (price has increased) In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since 2002? In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since 2002? -9 Missing -8 Uncodeabel -7 N/a 1 Market access is worse now 2 Market access unchanged 3 Market access is better now Control variable maize Control variable maize Control variable maize Control variable maize Control variable maize -7 N/a 1 Grew maize, old household 2 Grew maize, newhousehold 3 Did not grow maize, old household 4 Did not grow maize, new household Control variable cassava Control variable cassava Control variable cassava Control variable cassava Control variable cassava -7 N/a 1 Grew cassava, old household 2 Grew cassava, new household 3 Did not grow cassava, old household 4 Did not grow cassava, new household Control variable sorghum Control variable sorghum Control variable sorghum Control variable sorghum Control variable sorghum -7 N/a 1 Grew sorghum, old household 2 Grew sorghum, new household 3 Did not grow sorghum, old household 4 Did not grow sorghum, new household Control variable x004 rice Control variable x004 rice Control variable x004 rice Control variable x004 rice Control variable x004 rice -7 N/a 1 Grew rice old household 2 Grew rice, new household 3 Did not grow rice, old household 4 Did not grow rice, new household Control variable teff Control variable teff Control variable teff Control variable teff Control variable teff -7 N/a 1 Grew teff, old household 2 Grew teff, new household 3 Did not grew teff, old household 4 Did not grew teff, old household Control variable grew other food crop/vegs Control variable grew other food crop/vegs Control variable grew other food crop/vegs Control variable grew other food crop/vegs Control variable grew other food crop/vegs -7 N/a 1 Grew other food, old household 2 Grew other food, new household 3 Did not grew other food, old household 4 Did not grew other food, old household Control variable grew other cash crops Control variable grew other cash crops Control variable grew other cash crops Control variable grew other cash crops Control variable grew other cash crops -7 N/a 1 Grew other cash crops, old household 2 Grew other cash crops, new household 3 Did not grew other cash crops, old household 4 Did not grew other crops, old household Country Country Country Country Country 1 Ethiopia 2 Ghana 3 Kenya 4 Malawi 5 Nigeria 6 Tanzania 7 Uganda 8 Zambia 9 Mozambique Region Region Region Region Region 11 Bako (eth) 12 Yetmen (eth) 13 Region 3 (eth) 14 Region 4 (eth) 21 Eastern (gha) 22 Northern (gha) 31 Kakamega (ken) 32 Nyeri (ken) 41 Ntchisi rdp (mal) 42 Thiwi/lifidzi rdp (mal) 43 Bwanje valley rdp (mal) 44 Shire highlands rdp (mal) 51 Kaduna state (nig) 52 Osun state (nig) 61 Kilombero (tan) 62 Iringa (tan) 71 Masindi (uga) 72 Bugiri (uga) 81 Mkushi (zam) 82 Mazabuka (zam) Village Village Village Village Village Household no Household no Household no Household no Household no Name of head of household: not in public domain Name of head of household: not in public domain Name of head of household: not in public domain Name of head of household: not in public domain Name of head of household: not in public domain Name of farm manager: not in public domain Name of farm manager: not in public domain Name of farm manager: not in public domain Name of farm manager: not in public domain Name of farm manager: not in public domain Respondent? Respondent? Respondent? Respondent? Respondent? 1 Farm manager 2 Wife of farm manager 3 Grown up child 4 Relative 5 Parent of farm manager 6 Other Household type Household type Household type Household type Household type 1 Nuclear 2 Extended 3 Polygamous 4 De jure female headed (widow, never married, divorced) 5 De facto female headed (husband absent) 6 Not yet married males Sex of head of household Sex of head of household Sex of head of household Sex of head of household Sex of head of household 1 Male 2 Female Gender Gender Gender Gender Gender Male 1 Female Age of head of household, years Age of head of household, years Age of head of household, years Age of head of household, years Age of head of household, years Age of farm manager, years Age of farm manager, years Age of farm manager, years Age of farm manager, years Age of farm manager, years Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Reference year: year when farm household was formed, farm unit established etc. Educational level of farm manager, years Educational level of farm manager, years Educational level of farm manager, years Educational level of farm manager, years Educational level of farm manager, years Maize, grown last season Maize, grown last season Maize, grown last season Maize, grown last season Maize, grown last season No 1 Yes Cassava, grown last season Cassava, grown last season Cassava, grown last season Cassava, grown last season Cassava, grown last season No 1 Yes Sorghum, grown last season Sorghum, grown last season Sorghum, grown last season Sorghum, grown last season Sorghum, grown last season No 1 Yes Rice, grown last season Rice, grown last season Rice, grown last season Rice, grown last season Rice, grown last season No 1 Yes Other food crops and vegetables, grown last season Other food crops and vegetables, grown last season Other food crops and vegetables, grown last season Other food crops and vegetables, grown last season Other food crops and vegetables, grown last season No 1 Yes Cash crops, non-food crops, grown last season Cash crops, non-food crops, grown last season Cash crops, non-food crops, grown last season Cash crops, non-food crops, grown last season Cash crops, non-food crops, grown last season No 1 Yes Maize, grown reference year Maize, grown reference year Maize, grown reference year Maize, grown reference year Maize, grown reference year No 1 Yes Cassava, grown reference year Cassava, grown reference year Cassava, grown reference year Cassava, grown reference year Cassava, grown reference year No 1 Yes Sorghum, grown reference year Sorghum, grown reference year Sorghum, grown reference year Sorghum, grown reference year Sorghum, grown reference year No 1 Yes Rice, grown reference year Rice, grown reference year Rice, grown reference year Rice, grown reference year Rice, grown reference year No 1 Yes Other food crops and vegetables, grown reference year Other food crops and vegetables, grown reference year Other food crops and vegetables, grown reference year Other food crops and vegetables, grown reference year Other food crops and vegetables, grown reference year No 1 Yes Cash crops, non-food crops, grown reference year Cash crops, non-food crops, grown reference year Cash crops, non-food crops, grown reference year Cash crops, non-food crops, grown reference year Cash crops, non-food crops, grown reference year No 1 Yes During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your During the most recent season, did you grow maize in pure stand only or was your 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped Quality of maize land compared to the average quality of the land in this villag Quality of maize land compared to the average quality of the land in this villag Quality of maize land compared to the average quality of the land in this villag Quality of maize land compared to the average quality of the land in this villag Quality of maize land compared to the average quality of the land in this villag 1 Average 2 My land is better 3 My land is worse Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? Was any portion of the land under maize irrigated? No 1 Yes If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per season or year? If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per season or year? If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per season or year? If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per season or year? If irrigated, did you take more than one maize crop per season or year? No 1 Yes In addition to maize, what was the land used for? In addition to maize, what was the land used for? In addition to maize, what was the land used for? In addition to maize, what was the land used for? In addition to maize, what was the land used for? No specific use 1 For other crops 2 For grazing What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most re What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) during the season before t What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos What was the area under maize (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the mos When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under maize compare When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under maize compare When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under maize compare When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under maize compare When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under maize compare Did not farm maize at that time 1 Same 2 Larger then 3 Smaller then What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of maize (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of maize two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of maize two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of maize two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of maize two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of maize two seasons ago, kg At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less maize from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less maize from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less maize from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less maize from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less maize from 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then Home consumption of maize, kg Home consumption of maize, kg Home consumption of maize, kg Home consumption of maize, kg Home consumption of maize, kg Payment for hired labour maize, kg Payment for hired labour maize, kg Payment for hired labour maize, kg Payment for hired labour maize, kg Payment for hired labour maize, kg Sale of maize, kg Sale of maize, kg Sale of maize, kg Sale of maize, kg Sale of maize, kg Other uses of maize (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc), kg Other uses of maize (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc), kg Other uses of maize (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc), kg Other uses of maize (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc), kg Other uses of maize (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc), kg Maize irrigated, most recent season Maize irrigated, most recent season Maize irrigated, most recent season Maize irrigated, most recent season Maize irrigated, most recent season None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all Maize variety planted, most recent season Maize variety planted, most recent season Maize variety planted, most recent season Maize variety planted, most recent season Maize variety planted, most recent season 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid 4 Qpm hybrids Fertiliser used on maize, most recent season Fertiliser used on maize, most recent season Fertiliser used on maize, most recent season Fertiliser used on maize, most recent season Fertiliser used on maize, most recent season Were pesticides applied on growing crops? Were pesticides applied on growing crops? Were pesticides applied on growing crops? Were pesticides applied on growing crops? Were pesticides applied on growing crops? No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation? 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Use of crop rotation, maize, last season Use of crop rotation, maize, last season Use of crop rotation, maize, last season Use of crop rotation, maize, last season Use of crop rotation, maize, last season No 1 Yes Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, last season Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, last season Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, last season Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, last season Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, last season No 1 Yes Use of fallowing, maize, last season Use of fallowing, maize, last season Use of fallowing, maize, last season Use of fallowing, maize, last season Use of fallowing, maize, last season No 1 Yes Applicaton of animal manure, maize, last season Applicaton of animal manure, maize, last season Applicaton of animal manure, maize, last season Applicaton of animal manure, maize, last season Applicaton of animal manure, maize, last season No 1 Yes Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, last season Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, last season Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, last season Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, last season Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, last season No 1 Yes Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, last season Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, last season Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, last season Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, last season Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, last season No 1 Yes Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow maize? When your household was formed, did you grow maize? When your household was formed, did you grow maize? When your household was formed, did you grow maize? When your household was formed, did you grow maize? No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of maize p 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid 4 Qpm hybrids When this household was formed, what was the amount of chemical fertiliser used When this household was formed, what was the amount of chemical fertiliser used When this household was formed, what was the amount of chemical fertiliser used When this household was formed, what was the amount of chemical fertiliser used When this household was formed, what was the amount of chemical fertiliser used 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then 4 No fertiliser applied at that time Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Use of crop rotation, maize, reference year Use of crop rotation, maize, reference year Use of crop rotation, maize, reference year Use of crop rotation, maize, reference year Use of crop rotation, maize, reference year No 1 Yes Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, reference year Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, reference year Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, reference year Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, reference year Use of intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops, maize, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Use of fallowing, maize, reference year Use of fallowing, maize, reference year Use of fallowing, maize, reference year Use of fallowing, maize, reference year Use of fallowing, maize, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Application of animal manure, maize, reference year Application of animal manure, maize, reference year Application of animal manure, maize, reference year Application of animal manure, maize, reference year Application of animal manure, maize, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, reference year Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, reference year Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, reference year Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, reference year Use of conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, maize, reference year No 1 Yes Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, reference year Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, reference year Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, reference year Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, reference year Use of green manure, compost, residue incorporation, maize, reference year No 1 Yes Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m Use of soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc), m No 1 Yes Since the time your household was formed, has maize yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has maize yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has maize yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has maize yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has maize yields increased or decrease Decreased 1 Increased If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro 1 Access to new seed varieties 2 Chemical fertiliser 3 Mechanised land preparation 4 Irrigation 5 Conservation farming, improved tillage 6 Other If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr 1 Poor seeds 2 Declining soil fertility 3 Increasing pests, weeds etc 4 Inadequate or untimely land preparation 5 Untimely planting 6 Bad weather conditions 7 Other Sold or intended to sell maize 2002, dummy Sold or intended to sell maize 2002, dummy Sold or intended to sell maize 2002, dummy Sold or intended to sell maize 2002, dummy Sold or intended to sell maize 2002, dummy No 1 Yes What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of maize sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for maize you received following the most recent What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de What is your main market outlet or crop depot for maize? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for maize? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for maize? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for maize? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for maize? 1 Farmer cooperative or organisation 2 Private trader 3 State company and marketing board 4 Own piecemeal local marketing Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow maize on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? No 1 Yes 9 Missing Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest before the most recent one? No 1 Yes 9 Missing What was the total amount of maize sold, kg What was the total amount of maize sold, kg What was the total amount of maize sold, kg What was the total amount of maize sold, kg What was the total amount of maize sold, kg Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any maize after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of maize sold two seasons ago, kg Sold maize in reference year, dummy Sold maize in reference year, dummy Sold maize in reference year, dummy Sold maize in reference year, dummy Sold maize in reference year, dummy No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm or household, how has the amount of maize you sell ch Since you formed your farm or household, how has the amount of maize you sell ch Since you formed your farm or household, how has the amount of maize you sell ch Since you formed your farm or household, how has the amount of maize you sell ch Since you formed your farm or household, how has the amount of maize you sell ch 1 No significant change 2 More maize sold now 3 Less maize sold now When the household was formed, was the price you received better or worse compar When the household was formed, was the price you received better or worse compar When the household was formed, was the price you received better or worse compar When the household was formed, was the price you received better or worse compar When the household was formed, was the price you received better or worse compar 1 No significant change 2 Worse then 3 Better then In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for maize changed since you forme 1 Same 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea 1 No significant change 2 Prices have gone up 3 Prices have gone down In your view, how has the overall profitability for maize changed since you form In your view, how has the overall profitability for maize changed since you form In your view, how has the overall profitability for maize changed since you form In your view, how has the overall profitability for maize changed since you form In your view, how has the overall profitability for maize changed since you form 1 Same 2 Better now 3 Worse now Most important economic factor constraining maize production for the market Most important economic factor constraining maize production for the market Most important economic factor constraining maize production for the market Most important economic factor constraining maize production for the market Most important economic factor constraining maize production for the market No constraints experienced 1 Low or fluctuating producer price 2 Untimely payment for crops 3 High transportation costs 4 Unreliable market outlet 5 High price for modern inputs 6 Modern inputs not available 7 Lack of credit facilities Most important household factor constraining maize production for the market Most important household factor constraining maize production for the market Most important household factor constraining maize production for the market Most important household factor constraining maize production for the market Most important household factor constraining maize production for the market No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most 1 Market related factors 2 Household factors Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare 1 Average 2 My land is better 3 My land is worse What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What has been your average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) during the What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the average area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) the year before What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under cassava (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under cassa When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under cassa When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under cassa When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under cassa When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under cassa Did not grow cassava at that time 1 Same as now 2 Larger then 3 Smaller then What has been the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during What has been the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during What has been the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during What has been the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during What has been the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during the y What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during the y What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during the y What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during the y What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested during the y What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested two years ag What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested two years ag What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested two years ag What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested two years ag What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) harvested two years ag Home consumption, cassava, during last year, kg Home consumption, cassava, during last year, kg Home consumption, cassava, during last year, kg Home consumption, cassava, during last year, kg Home consumption, cassava, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 99999 Do not know,missing Payment for hired labour, , cassava, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, , cassava, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, , cassava, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, , cassava, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, , cassava, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 99999 Do not know,missing Sale of cassava, during last year, kg Sale of cassava, during last year, kg Sale of cassava, during last year, kg Sale of cassava, during last year, kg Sale of cassava, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 99999 Do not know,missing Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, 9999 Do not know, missing 99999 Do not know,missing At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less cassava fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less cassava fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less cassava fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less cassava fro At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less cassava fro Did not grow cassava at that time 1 No difference 2 Larger crop then 3 Larger crop now During the most recent season, what was the main variety of cassava planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of cassava planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of cassava planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of cassava planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of cassava planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise Were pesticides applied on the cassava, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the cassava, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the cassava, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the cassava, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the cassava, most recent season No 1 Yes What was your main method of land preparation for cassava, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for cassava, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for cassava, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for cassava, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for cassava, most recent season? 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other, Used crop rotation in cassava, last year Used crop rotation in cassava, last year Used crop rotation in cassava, last year Used crop rotation in cassava, last year Used crop rotation in cassava, last year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in cassava, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in cassava, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in cassava, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in cassava, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in cassava, last year No 1 Yes Used fallowing in cassava, last year Used fallowing in cassava, last year Used fallowing in cassava, last year Used fallowing in cassava, last year Used fallowing in cassava, last year No 1 Yes Used animal manure in cassava, last year Used animal manure in cassava, last year Used animal manure in cassava, last year Used animal manure in cassava, last year Used animal manure in cassava, last year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in cassava, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in cassava, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in cassava, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in cassava, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in cassava, last year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost in cassava, last year Used green manure or compost in cassava, last year Used green manure or compost in cassava, last year Used green manure or compost in cassava, last year Used green manure or compost in cassava, last year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? When your household was formed, did you grow cassava? No 1 Yes Main variety of cassava planted, reference year Main variety of cassava planted, reference year Main variety of cassava planted, reference year Main variety of cassava planted, reference year Main variety of cassava planted, reference year 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety Amount of artificial fertiliser used on cassava, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on cassava, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on cassava, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on cassava, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on cassava, reference year compared to now No use at that time 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year No 1 Yes Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other 9 Do not know, missing Used crop rotation in cassava, reference year Used crop rotation in cassava, reference year Used crop rotation in cassava, reference year Used crop rotation in cassava, reference year Used crop rotation in cassava, reference year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year No 1 Yes Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year No 1 Yes Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re No 1 Yes Since the time your household was formed, has cassava yields increased or decrea Since the time your household was formed, has cassava yields increased or decrea Since the time your household was formed, has cassava yields increased or decrea Since the time your household was formed, has cassava yields increased or decrea Since the time your household was formed, has cassava yields increased or decrea Decreased 1 Increased If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro 1 Access to new seed varieties 2 Chemical fertiliser 3 Mechanised land preparation 4 Irrigation 5 Conservation farming, improved tillage 6 Other If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr 1 Poor seedlings 2 Declining soil fertility 3 Increasing pests, weeds etc 4 Inadequate or untimely land preparation 5 Untimely planting 6 Bad wheather conditions 7 Other Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year? Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year? Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year? Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year? Did you sell any cassava in the course of the past year? No 1 Yes Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips Was cassava mainly sold as tubers or in processed form (e.G. Flour, gari, chips 1 Tubers 2 Processed form Total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during last year, kg Total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during last year, kg Total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during last year, kg Total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during last year, kg Total amount of cassava (tubers equivalents) sold during last year, kg 99999 Do not know,missing Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg 999 Do not know,missing What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg 999 Do not know,missing Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for cassava tubers, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for cassava tubers, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for cassava tubers, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for cassava tubers, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for cassava tubers, km 99 Do not know,missing Main market outlet for cassava? Main market outlet for cassava? Main market outlet for cassava? Main market outlet for cassava? Main market outlet for cassava? 1 Farmer cooperative or organisation 2 Private trader, state company and marketing board 4 Own piecemeal local marketing Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade Do you grow cassava on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trade No 1 Yes Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio 999999 Do not know,missing Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any cassava during the period sep 1999 to 2000? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio What was the total amount of unprocessed cassava (tubers) sold during this perio 999999 Do not know,missing Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell cassava at the time when the household was formed? No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of cassava chang Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of cassava chang Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of cassava chang Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of cassava chang Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of cassava chang 1 No significant change 2 More cassava sold now 3 Less cassava sold now What was the price you received for unprocessed cassava (tubers) when the househ What was the price you received for unprocessed cassava (tubers) when the househ What was the price you received for unprocessed cassava (tubers) when the househ What was the price you received for unprocessed cassava (tubers) when the househ What was the price you received for unprocessed cassava (tubers) when the househ 1 No significant change 2 Price worse then 3 Price better then In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for In your view, how has access to market outlets for cassava changed since you for 1 Same 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea 1 No significant change 2 Prices have gone up 3 Prices have gone down In your view, how has profitability for cassava changed since you formed your ho In your view, how has profitability for cassava changed since you formed your ho In your view, how has profitability for cassava changed since you formed your ho In your view, how has profitability for cassava changed since you formed your ho In your view, how has profitability for cassava changed since you formed your ho 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now Which economic factors constrain at present production of cassava for the market Which economic factors constrain at present production of cassava for the market Which economic factors constrain at present production of cassava for the market Which economic factors constrain at present production of cassava for the market Which economic factors constrain at present production of cassava for the market No constraints experienced 1 Low or fluctuating producer price 2 Untimely payment for crops 3 High transportation costs 4 Unreliable market outlet 5 High price for modern inputs 6 Modern inputs not available 7 Lack of credit facilities Which household factors constrain at present production of cassava for the marke Which household factors constrain at present production of cassava for the marke Which household factors constrain at present production of cassava for the marke Which household factors constrain at present production of cassava for the marke Which household factors constrain at present production of cassava for the marke No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most 1 Market related factors 2 Household factors During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you During the most recent season, did you grow sorghum in pure stand only or do you 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped How would you describe the quality of the land on which you had sorghum compared How would you describe the quality of the land on which you had sorghum compared How would you describe the quality of the land on which you had sorghum compared How would you describe the quality of the land on which you had sorghum compared How would you describe the quality of the land on which you had sorghum compared 1 Average 2 My land is better 3 My land is worse During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? During the most recent season, was the land under sorghum irrigated? No 1 Yes Did you take more than one crop of sorghum per season or year? Did you take more than one crop of sorghum per season or year? Did you take more than one crop of sorghum per season or year? Did you take more than one crop of sorghum per season or year? Did you take more than one crop of sorghum per season or year? No 1 Yes If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum If only one sorghum crop was taken, what was the land used for after the sorghum 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 No specific use, other uses If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) leading up to your most What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) during the season before What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m What was the area under sorghum (pure stand equivalent) two seasons before the m When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under sorghum compa When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under sorghum compa When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under sorghum compa When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under sorghum compa When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under sorghum compa Did not grow barley at that time 1 Same as now 2 Larger then 3 Smaller then What was the total production of sorghum after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of sorghum after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of sorghum after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of sorghum after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of sorghum after your most recent harvest, kg 999999 Do not know,missing What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece What was the total production of sorghum during the harvest before the most rece 999999 Do not know,missing What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of sorghum two seasons ago, kg 999999 Do not know,missing At the time when your household was formed, how much barley did you get from a g At the time when your household was formed, how much barley did you get from a g At the time when your household was formed, how much barley did you get from a g At the time when your household was formed, how much barley did you get from a g At the time when your household was formed, how much barley did you get from a g Did not grow barley at that time 1 No difference 2 More then 3 More now Home consumption, sorghum, during last year, kg Home consumption, sorghum, during last year, kg Home consumption, sorghum, during last year, kg Home consumption, sorghum, during last year, kg Home consumption, sorghum, during last year, kg 9999 Missing 99999 Missing, do not know Payment for hired labour, barley, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, barley, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, barley, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, barley, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, barley, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Sale, barley, during last year, kg Sale, barley, during last year, kg Sale, barley, during last year, kg Sale, barley, during last year, kg Sale, barley, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), barley, dur Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), barley, dur Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), barley, dur Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), barley, dur Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), barley, dur 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with barle During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with barle During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with barle During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with barle During the most recent season, what portion of the total land planted with barle None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of barley planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of barley planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of barley planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of barley planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of barley planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety 3 Hybrid During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise 999 Do not know, missing Were pesticides applied to barley the most recent season? Were pesticides applied to barley the most recent season? Were pesticides applied to barley the most recent season? Were pesticides applied to barley the most recent season? Were pesticides applied to barley the most recent season? No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? When your household was formed, did you grow sorghum? No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all 9 Do not know At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of barley At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of barley At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of barley At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of barley At the time when this household was formed, what was the main variety of barley 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety 3 Hybrid When this household was formed, what was the amount of artificial fertiliser use When this household was formed, what was the amount of artificial fertiliser use When this household was formed, what was the amount of artificial fertiliser use When this household was formed, what was the amount of artificial fertiliser use When this household was formed, what was the amount of artificial fertiliser use 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then 4 No fertiliser applied at that time Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? Were pesticides applied at that time? No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year Used crop rotation in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in barley, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in barley, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in barley, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in barley, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year Used fallowing in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year Used animal manure in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost in barley, last year Used green manure or compost in barley, last year Used green manure or compost in barley, last year Used green manure or compost in barley, last year Used green manure or compost in barley, last year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes Since the time your household was formed, has barley yields increased or decreas Since the time your household was formed, has barley yields increased or decreas Since the time your household was formed, has barley yields increased or decreas Since the time your household was formed, has barley yields increased or decreas Since the time your household was formed, has barley yields increased or decreas No 1 Yes What has been the single most important technological change improving sorghum y What has been the single most important technological change improving sorghum y What has been the single most important technological change improving sorghum y What has been the single most important technological change improving sorghum y What has been the single most important technological change improving sorghum y 1 Access to new seed varieties 2 Chemical fertiliser 3 Mechanised land preparation 4 Irrigation 5 Conservation farming, improved tillage 6 Other What has been the single most important agro-technical change decreasing barley What has been the single most important agro-technical change decreasing barley What has been the single most important agro-technical change decreasing barley What has been the single most important agro-technical change decreasing barley What has been the single most important agro-technical change decreasing barley 1 Poor seeds 2 Declining soil fertility 3 Increasing pests, weeds etc 4 Inadequate or untimely land preparation 5 Untimely planting 6 Bad weather conditions 7 Other Did you sell or do you intend to sell any barley following your most recent harv Did you sell or do you intend to sell any barley following your most recent harv Did you sell or do you intend to sell any barley following your most recent harv Did you sell or do you intend to sell any barley following your most recent harv Did you sell or do you intend to sell any barley following your most recent harv No 1 Yes What was the total amount of barley sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mo What was the total amount of barley sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mo What was the total amount of barley sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mo What was the total amount of barley sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mo What was the total amount of barley sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mo 999999 Do not know,missing What was (is) the lowest price for barley you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for barley you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for barley you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for barley you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for barley you received following the most recent 999 Do not know,missing What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, 999 Do not know,missing At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de 99 Do not know,missing What is your main market outlet or crop depot for barley? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for barley? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for barley? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for barley? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for barley? 1 Farmer cooperative or organisation 2 Private trader 3 State company and marketing board 4 Own piecemeal local marketing Do you grow barley on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader Do you grow barley on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader Do you grow barley on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader Do you grow barley on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader Do you grow barley on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader No 1 Yes 9 Missing Did you sell any barley after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any barley after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any barley after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any barley after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any barley after the harvest before the most recent one? No 1 Yes 9 Missing What was the total amount of barley sold season before the most recent one, kg What was the total amount of barley sold season before the most recent one, kg What was the total amount of barley sold season before the most recent one, kg What was the total amount of barley sold season before the most recent one, kg What was the total amount of barley sold season before the most recent one, kg 999999 Do not know,missing Did you sell any barley after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one Did you sell any barley after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one Did you sell any barley after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one Did you sell any barley after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one Did you sell any barley after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one No 1 Yes 9 Missing What was the total amount of barley sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of barley sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of barley sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of barley sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of barley sold two seasons ago, kg 999999 Do not know,missing Did you sell any barley at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any barley at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any barley at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any barley at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any barley at the time when this household was formed? No 1 Yes 9 Missing Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of barley change Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of barley change Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of barley change Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of barley change Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of barley change 1 No significant change 2 More barley sold now 3 Less barley sold now What was producer price when the household was formed? What was producer price when the household was formed? What was producer price when the household was formed? What was producer price when the household was formed? What was producer price when the household was formed? 1 No significant change 2 More barley sold now 3 Less barley sold now In your view, how has access to market outlets for barley changed since you form In your view, how has access to market outlets for barley changed since you form In your view, how has access to market outlets for barley changed since you form In your view, how has access to market outlets for barley changed since you form In your view, how has access to market outlets for barley changed since you form 1 No significant change 2 More barley sold now 3 Less barley sold now In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea 1 No significant change 2 More barley sold now 3 Less barley sold now In your view, how has profitability for barley changed since you formed your hou In your view, how has profitability for barley changed since you formed your hou In your view, how has profitability for barley changed since you formed your hou In your view, how has profitability for barley changed since you formed your hou In your view, how has profitability for barley changed since you formed your hou 1 No significant change 2 More barley sold now 3 Less barley sold now Which market-related factors constrain at present production of barley for the m Which market-related factors constrain at present production of barley for the m Which market-related factors constrain at present production of barley for the m Which market-related factors constrain at present production of barley for the m Which market-related factors constrain at present production of barley for the m No constraints experienced 1 Low or fluctuating producer price 2 Untimely payment for crops 3 High transportation costs 4 Unreliable market outlet 5 High price for modern inputs 6 Modern inputs not available 7 Lack of credit facilities Which household factors constrain at present production of barley for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of barley for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of barley for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of barley for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of barley for the market No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most 1 Market related factors 2 Household factors How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow rice compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow rice compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow rice compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow rice compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow rice compared t 1 Average 2 My land is better 3 My land is worse During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with rice irrigated? No 1 Yes If yes, did you take more than one rice crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one rice crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one rice crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one rice crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one rice crop per season or year? No 1 Yes In addition to rice, what was the land used for? In addition to rice, what was the land used for? In addition to rice, what was the land used for? In addition to rice, what was the land used for? In addition to rice, what was the land used for? 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 No specific use, other uses If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under rice leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under rice two seasons before the most recent one, ha When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under rice compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under rice compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under rice compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under rice compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under rice compared Did not grow rice at that time 1 Same as now 2 Larger then 3 Smaller then What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest, k What was the total production of paddy (grain) after your most recent harvest, k 999999 Do not know,missing What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of paddy during the harvest before the most recent 999999 Do not know,missing What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of paddy two seasons ago, kg 999999 Do not know,missing Home consumption, paddy, during last year, kg Home consumption, paddy, during last year, kg Home consumption, paddy, during last year, kg Home consumption, paddy, during last year, kg Home consumption, paddy, during last year, kg 9999 Missing 99999 Missing, do not know Payment for hired labour, paddy, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, paddy, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, paddy, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, paddy, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, paddy, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Sale, paddy, during last year, kg Sale, paddy, during last year, kg Sale, paddy, during last year, kg Sale, paddy, during last year, kg Sale, paddy, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), paddy, duri Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), paddy, duri Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), paddy, duri Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), paddy, duri Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), paddy, duri 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less paddy from Did not grow rice at that time 1 No difference 2 More then 3 More now Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), last season Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), last season Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), last season Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), last season Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), last season 999 Do not know, missing Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, last season Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, last season Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, last season Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, last season Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, last season 999 Do not know, missing Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, last season Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, last season Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, last season Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, last season Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, last season 999 Do not know, missing During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of rice planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise 999 Do not know,missing Were pesticides applied on rice last season? Were pesticides applied on rice last season? Were pesticides applied on rice last season? Were pesticides applied on rice last season? Were pesticides applied on rice last season? No 1 Yes 9 Missing During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in rice, last year Used crop rotation in rice, last year Used crop rotation in rice, last year Used crop rotation in rice, last year Used crop rotation in rice, last year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, last year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used fallowing in rice, last year Used fallowing in rice, last year Used fallowing in rice, last year Used fallowing in rice, last year Used fallowing in rice, last year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used animal manure in rice, last year Used animal manure in rice, last year Used animal manure in rice, last year Used animal manure in rice, last year Used animal manure in rice, last year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, last year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used green manure or compost in rice, last year Used green manure or compost in rice, last year Used green manure or compost in rice, last year Used green manure or compost in rice, last year Used green manure or compost in rice, last year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes 9 Missing When your household was formed, did you grow rice? When your household was formed, did you grow rice? When your household was formed, did you grow rice? When your household was formed, did you grow rice? When your household was formed, did you grow rice? No 1 Yes 9 Missing Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), reference year Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), reference year Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), reference year Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), reference year Per cent of upland rice (rainfed), reference year Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, reference year Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, reference year Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, reference year Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, reference year Per cent of lowland rainfed rice, reference year Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, reference year Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, reference year Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, reference year Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, reference year Per cent of lowland irrigated rice, reference year At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? At that time, what was the main variety of rice planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on rice compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on rice compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on rice compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on rice compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on rice compared to now? 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then 4 No fertiliser applied at that time Were pesticides applied to rice at that time? Were pesticides applied to rice at that time? Were pesticides applied to rice at that time? Were pesticides applied to rice at that time? Were pesticides applied to rice at that time? No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in rice, reference year Used crop rotation in rice, reference year Used crop rotation in rice, reference year Used crop rotation in rice, reference year Used crop rotation in rice, reference year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in rice, reference ye No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used fallowing in rice, reference year Used fallowing in rice, reference year Used fallowing in rice, reference year Used fallowing in rice, reference year Used fallowing in rice, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used animal manure in rice, reference year Used animal manure in rice, reference year Used animal manure in rice, reference year Used animal manure in rice, reference year Used animal manure in rice, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in rice, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used green manure or compost in rice, reference year Used green manure or compost in rice, reference year Used green manure or compost in rice, reference year Used green manure or compost in rice, reference year Used green manure or compost in rice, reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes 9 Missing Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Decreased 1 Increased If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro 1 Access to new seed varieties 2 Chemical fertiliser 3 Mechanised land preparation 4 Irrigation 5 Conservation farming, improved tillage 6 Other If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr 1 Poor seeds 2 Declining soil fertility or inadequate fertilisation 3 Increasing pests, weeds etc 4 Inadequate or untimely land preparation 5 Untimely planting 6 Inadequate water access or availability 7 Other Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve Did you sell or do you intend to sell any paddy following your most recent harve No 1 Yes What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was the total amount of paddy sold (or is planned to be sold) after the mos What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent What was (is) the lowest price for paddy you received following the most recent 999 Do not know,missing What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, 999 Do not know,missing At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de 99 Do not know,missing What is your main market outlet or crop depot for rice? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for rice? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for rice? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for rice? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for rice? 1 Farmer cooperative or organisation 2 Private trader 3 State company and marketing board 4 Own piecemeal local marketing Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract... Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract... Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract... Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract... Do you grow rice on the basis of a pre-arranged contract... No 1 Yes Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest before the most recent one? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of paddy sold, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold, kg 999999 Do not know,missing Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any paddy after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of paddy sold two seasons ago, kg Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any paddy at the time when this household was formed? No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of paddy changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of paddy changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of paddy changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of paddy changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of paddy changed 1 No significant change 2 More rice sold now 3 Less rice sold now What was producer price for paddy when the household was formed? What was producer price for paddy when the household was formed? What was producer price for paddy when the household was formed? What was producer price for paddy when the household was formed? What was producer price for paddy when the household was formed? 1 Same as now 2 Better then 3 Worse then In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for paddy changed since you forme 1 Same 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea 1 No significant change 2 Prices have gone up 3 Prices have gone down In your view, how has profitability for paddy changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for paddy changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for paddy changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for paddy changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for paddy changed since you formed your hous 1 Same 2 Better now 3 Worse now According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro No constraints experienced 1 Low or fluctuating producer price 2 Untimely payment for crops 3 High transportation costs 4 Unreliable market outlet 5 High price for modern inputs 6 Modern inputs not available 7 Lack of credit facilities Which household factors constrain at present production of rice for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of rice for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of rice for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of rice for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of rice for the market i No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most 1 Market related factors 2 Household factors Bananas grown, last season Bananas grown, last season Bananas grown, last season Bananas grown, last season Bananas grown, last season No 1 Yes Beans grown, last season Beans grown, last season Beans grown, last season Beans grown, last season Beans grown, last season No 1 Yes Peas grown, last season Peas grown, last season Peas grown, last season Peas grown, last season Peas grown, last season No 1 Yes Irish potatoes grown, last season Irish potatoes grown, last season Irish potatoes grown, last season Irish potatoes grown, last season Irish potatoes grown, last season No 1 Yes Sweet potatoes grown, last season Sweet potatoes grown, last season Sweet potatoes grown, last season Sweet potatoes grown, last season Sweet potatoes grown, last season No 1 Yes Millet grown, last season Millet grown, last season Millet grown, last season Millet grown, last season Millet grown, last season No 1 Yes Groundnuts grown, last season Groundnuts grown, last season Groundnuts grown, last season Groundnuts grown, last season Groundnuts grown, last season No 1 Yes Vegetables grown, last season Vegetables grown, last season Vegetables grown, last season Vegetables grown, last season Vegetables grown, last season No 1 Yes Other food crops vegetables grown, last season Other food crops vegetables grown, last season Other food crops vegetables grown, last season Other food crops vegetables grown, last season Other food crops vegetables grown, last season No 1 Yes Bananas sold, last season Bananas sold, last season Bananas sold, last season Bananas sold, last season Bananas sold, last season No 1 Yes Beans sold, last season Beans sold, last season Beans sold, last season Beans sold, last season Beans sold, last season No 1 Yes Peas sold, last season Peas sold, last season Peas sold, last season Peas sold, last season Peas sold, last season No 1 Yes Irish potatoes sold, last season Irish potatoes sold, last season Irish potatoes sold, last season Irish potatoes sold, last season Irish potatoes sold, last season No 1 Yes Sweet potatoes sold, last season Sweet potatoes sold, last season Sweet potatoes sold, last season Sweet potatoes sold, last season Sweet potatoes sold, last season No 1 Yes Millet sold, last season Millet sold, last season Millet sold, last season Millet sold, last season Millet sold, last season No 1 Yes Groundnuts sold, last season Groundnuts sold, last season Groundnuts sold, last season Groundnuts sold, last season Groundnuts sold, last season No 1 Yes Vegetables sold, last season Vegetables sold, last season Vegetables sold, last season Vegetables sold, last season Vegetables sold, last season No 1 Yes Other food crops vegetables sold, last season Other food crops vegetables sold, last season Other food crops vegetables sold, last season Other food crops vegetables sold, last season Other food crops vegetables sold, last season No 1 Yes What was the total size of the land you devoted to other food crops in the most What was the total size of the land you devoted to other food crops in the most What was the total size of the land you devoted to other food crops in the most What was the total size of the land you devoted to other food crops in the most What was the total size of the land you devoted to other food crops in the most How much of this land was irrigated? , ha How much of this land was irrigated? , ha How much of this land was irrigated? , ha How much of this land was irrigated? , ha How much of this land was irrigated? , ha Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of these crops? No 1 Yes Was animal manure used on other food crops? Was animal manure used on other food crops? Was animal manure used on other food crops? Was animal manure used on other food crops? Was animal manure used on other food crops? No 1 Yes Was green manure used on other food crops? Was green manure used on other food crops? Was green manure used on other food crops? Was green manure used on other food crops? Was green manure used on other food crops? No 1 Yes Were pesticides applied on other food crops? Were pesticides applied on other food crops? Were pesticides applied on other food crops? Were pesticides applied on other food crops? Were pesticides applied on other food crops? No 1 Yes Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the crops you sell is most profitable? No crops sold 1 Bananas 2 Beans 3 Peas 4 Irish potatoes 5 Sweet potatoes 6 Millet 7 Groundnuts 8 Vegetables 9 Other When you formed your farm or household, did you sell more or less of this crop c When you formed your farm or household, did you sell more or less of this crop c When you formed your farm or household, did you sell more or less of this crop c When you formed your farm or household, did you sell more or less of this crop c When you formed your farm or household, did you sell more or less of this crop c 1 No change 2 More is sold now 3 Less is sold now In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you In your view, how has the overall market access for this crop changed since you 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now Do you grow any other food crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a Do you grow any other food crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a Do you grow any other food crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a Do you grow any other food crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a Do you grow any other food crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a No 1 Yes At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th Cotton grown last season Cotton grown last season Cotton grown last season Cotton grown last season Cotton grown last season No 1 Yes Sugar cane grown last season Sugar cane grown last season Sugar cane grown last season Sugar cane grown last season Sugar cane grown last season No 1 Yes Cashew nuts grown last season Cashew nuts grown last season Cashew nuts grown last season Cashew nuts grown last season Cashew nuts grown last season No 1 Yes Cocoa grown last season Cocoa grown last season Cocoa grown last season Cocoa grown last season Cocoa grown last season No 1 Yes Tobacco grown last season Tobacco grown last season Tobacco grown last season Tobacco grown last season Tobacco grown last season No 1 Yes Coffee grown last season Coffee grown last season Coffee grown last season Coffee grown last season Coffee grown last season No 1 Yes Tea grown last season Tea grown last season Tea grown last season Tea grown last season Tea grown last season No 1 Yes Sisal grown last season Sisal grown last season Sisal grown last season Sisal grown last season Sisal grown last season No 1 Yes Pyrethrum grown last season Pyrethrum grown last season Pyrethrum grown last season Pyrethrum grown last season Pyrethrum grown last season No 1 Yes Other non-food crops grown last season Other non-food crops grown last season Other non-food crops grown last season Other non-food crops grown last season Other non-food crops grown last season No 1 Yes What is the total size of your farm devoted to non-food crops, ha What is the total size of your farm devoted to non-food crops, ha What is the total size of your farm devoted to non-food crops, ha What is the total size of your farm devoted to non-food crops, ha What is the total size of your farm devoted to non-food crops, ha How much of this land was irrigated, ha How much of this land was irrigated, ha How much of this land was irrigated, ha How much of this land was irrigated, ha How much of this land was irrigated, ha Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of the non-food crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of the non-food crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of the non-food crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of the non-food crops? Did you use chemical fertiliser on any of the non-food crops? No 1 Yes Was animal manure used on non-food crops? Was animal manure used on non-food crops? Was animal manure used on non-food crops? Was animal manure used on non-food crops? Was animal manure used on non-food crops? No 1 Yes Was green manure usedon non-food crops? Was green manure usedon non-food crops? Was green manure usedon non-food crops? Was green manure usedon non-food crops? Was green manure usedon non-food crops? No 1 Yes Were pesticides appliedon non-food crops? Were pesticides appliedon non-food crops? Were pesticides appliedon non-food crops? Were pesticides appliedon non-food crops? Were pesticides appliedon non-food crops? No 1 Yes Which one of the non-food crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the non-food crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the non-food crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the non-food crops you sell is most profitable? Which one of the non-food crops you sell is most profitable? No crops sold 1 Cotton 2 Sugar cane 3 Cashew nuts 4 Cocoa 5 Tobacco 6 Coffee 7 Tea 8 Sisal 9 Pyrethrum 10 Other In your view, how has profitability for your most profitable non-food cash crop In your view, how has profitability for your most profitable non-food cash crop In your view, how has profitability for your most profitable non-food cash crop In your view, how has profitability for your most profitable non-food cash crop In your view, how has profitability for your most profitable non-food cash crop 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr Do you grow any of the mentioned cash crops on the basis of a pre-arranged contr No 1 Yes At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th At present, what is the approximate distance to the nearest market outlet for th Since you formed your farm or household, has there been any change in the overal Since you formed your farm or household, has there been any change in the overal Since you formed your farm or household, has there been any change in the overal Since you formed your farm or household, has there been any change in the overal Since you formed your farm or household, has there been any change in the overal 1 Increased 2 No change 3 Decreased Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat Summing up the information given, what would you say has been the total cultivat How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much extra land would you be able to put under cultivation if you wanted to How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated, ha How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated, ha How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated, ha How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated, ha How much of the total land belonging to this farm was irrigated, ha No irrigation If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? If irrigated, what was the source of irrigation? 1 Privately owned well 2 Privately owned river diversion 3 Community owned irrigation system 4 Government owned scheme 5 Other Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land cultivated c 1 No change 2 More land is cultivated now 3 Less land is cultivated now Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga Since this household was formed, how has the total size of the land under irriga 1 No change 2 More land is cultivated now 3 Less land is cultivated now Cows, number owned Cows, number owned Cows, number owned Cows, number owned Cows, number owned No livestock Oxen, number owned Oxen, number owned Oxen, number owned Oxen, number owned Oxen, number owned No livestock Goats or sheep, number owned Goats or sheep, number owned Goats or sheep, number owned Goats or sheep, number owned Goats or sheep, number owned No livestock Horses or donkeys, number owned Horses or donkeys, number owned Horses or donkeys, number owned Horses or donkeys, number owned Horses or donkeys, number owned No livestock Pigs, number owned Pigs, number owned Pigs, number owned Pigs, number owned Pigs, number owned No livestock Poultry, number owned Poultry, number owned Poultry, number owned Poultry, number owned Poultry, number owned No livestock Do you cultivate fodder crops? Do you cultivate fodder crops? Do you cultivate fodder crops? Do you cultivate fodder crops? Do you cultivate fodder crops? No 1 Yes Do you stall-feed any cows? Do you stall-feed any cows? Do you stall-feed any cows? Do you stall-feed any cows? Do you stall-feed any cows? No 1 Yes How do you keep most of your cows? How do you keep most of your cows? How do you keep most of your cows? How do you keep most of your cows? How do you keep most of your cows? Did not have cows 1 Stall feeding (zero grazing) 2 Private (own) grazing land 3 Communal (open) grazing land At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cows? At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cows? At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cows? At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cows? At the time when your household was formed, did you stall-feed any cows? No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cows? At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cows? At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cows? At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cows? At the time when your household was formed, how did you keep most of your cows? 1 Stall feeding (zero grazing) 2 Private (own) grazing land 3 Communal (open) grazing land Are any of the cows graded or cross-breed? Are any of the cows graded or cross-breed? Are any of the cows graded or cross-breed? Are any of the cows graded or cross-breed? Are any of the cows graded or cross-breed? No 1 Yes At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows graded or cross-bre At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows graded or cross-bre At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows graded or cross-bre At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows graded or cross-bre At the time your household was formed, were any of your cows graded or cross-bre No 1 Yes Number of household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of male household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of male household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of male household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of male household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of male household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? 99 Do not know,missing Number of female household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of female household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of female household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of female household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? Number of female household members who regularly sleep here 16-60 years? 99 Do not know,missing How many of these adults are able workers? How many of these adults are able workers? How many of these adults are able workers? How many of these adults are able workers? How many of these adults are able workers? 99 Do not know,missing' No. Of household members 15 and below? No. Of household members 15 and below? No. Of household members 15 and below? No. Of household members 15 and below? No. Of household members 15 and below? 99 Do not know,missing' No. Of household members 61 and above? No. Of household members 61 and above? No. Of household members 61 and above? No. Of household members 61 and above? No. Of household members 61 and above? 99 Do not know,missing' Main occupation of head of household? Main occupation of head of household? Main occupation of head of household? Main occupation of head of household? Main occupation of head of household? Does not work (retired) 1 Farming 2 Non-farm Main occupation of farm manager? Main occupation of farm manager? Main occupation of farm manager? Main occupation of farm manager? Main occupation of farm manager? Does not work (retired) 1 Farming 2 Non-farm How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) do regularly take on employment o How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in some ki 9 Do not know,missing How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s How many adult household members (16-60 years) are regularly involved in large-s 9 Do not know,missing Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl Apart from resident household members, how many adult family members do regularl 9 Do not know,missing Does your household regularly hire farm labour? Does your household regularly hire farm labour? Does your household regularly hire farm labour? Does your household regularly hire farm labour? Does your household regularly hire farm labour? No 1 Yes If yes, land preparation If yes, land preparation If yes, land preparation If yes, land preparation If yes, land preparation No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, watching crops If yes, watching crops If yes, watching crops If yes, watching crops If yes, watching crops No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, planting If yes, planting If yes, planting If yes, planting If yes, planting No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, trending livestock If yes, trending livestock If yes, trending livestock If yes, trending livestock If yes, trending livestock No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, weeding If yes, weeding If yes, weeding If yes, weeding If yes, weeding No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, transporting crops If yes, transporting crops If yes, transporting crops If yes, transporting crops If yes, transporting crops No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, fertilizing If yes, fertilizing If yes, fertilizing If yes, fertilizing If yes, fertilizing No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, harvesting If yes, harvesting If yes, harvesting If yes, harvesting If yes, harvesting No 1 Yes 9 Missing If yes, other tasks If yes, other tasks If yes, other tasks If yes, other tasks If yes, other tasks No 1 Yes 9 Missing Average distance to extension agency or service km Average distance to extension agency or service km Average distance to extension agency or service km Average distance to extension agency or service km Average distance to extension agency or service km Have you received advice from extension staff at any time during the last year? Have you received advice from extension staff at any time during the last year? Have you received advice from extension staff at any time during the last year? Have you received advice from extension staff at any time during the last year? Have you received advice from extension staff at any time during the last year? Never 1 Rarely 2 Regularly Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer organisation dealing with ag Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer organisation dealing with ag Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer organisation dealing with ag Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer organisation dealing with ag Are you (farm manager) a member of any local farmer organisation dealing with ag No 1 Yes Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? Do you at present obtain any form of agricultural input credit? No 1 Yes How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? How did you first obtain land in this village when your household was formed? 1 I was allocated virgin land or pasture 2 I was allocated family land under fallow 3 I inherited land already under cultivation 4 I purchased land 5 I borrowed or rented land 6 Ohter specify What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? What is the status of most of the land that you now cultivate? 1 Individually owned by farm household 2 Use rights allocated by community, clan or government 3 Rented or borrowed from other individuals or families Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con Do you have full control of all the land you now cultivate or do you need to con 1 Full control 2 Need permission If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat If you had the means to expand your farm size, what would be the most appropriat 1 Clearing virgin land 2 Turning grazing land into cultivation 3 Bringing fallow land into permanent cultivation 4 Renting or borrowing land 5 Buying land How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? How will your children mainly obtain land in this village? 1 They will be allocated land not previously cultivated 2 They will be allocated family land now under fallow 3 They will inherit land already under cultivation 4 They will rent or borrow land 5 They will purchase land 6 Other specify Sale of food staples, last year Sale of food staples, last year Sale of food staples, last year Sale of food staples, last year Sale of food staples, last year No 1 Yes Sale of other food crops, last year Sale of other food crops, last year Sale of other food crops, last year Sale of other food crops, last year Sale of other food crops, last year No 1 Yes Sale of non-food cash crops, last year Sale of non-food cash crops, last year Sale of non-food cash crops, last year Sale of non-food cash crops, last year Sale of non-food cash crops, last year No 1 Yes Sale of animals or animal produce, last year Sale of animals or animal produce, last year Sale of animals or animal produce, last year Sale of animals or animal produce, last year Sale of animals or animal produce, last year No 1 Yes Non-farm salaried employment, last year Non-farm salaried employment, last year Non-farm salaried employment, last year Non-farm salaried employment, last year Non-farm salaried employment, last year No 1 Yes Micro business income, last year Micro business income, last year Micro business income, last year Micro business income, last year Micro business income, last year No 1 Yes Large-scale business income, last year Large-scale business income, last year Large-scale business income, last year Large-scale business income, last year Large-scale business income, last year No 1 Yes Rent, interest, last year Rent, interest, last year Rent, interest, last year Rent, interest, last year Rent, interest, last year No 1 Yes Pensions, last year Pensions, last year Pensions, last year Pensions, last year Pensions, last year No 1 Yes Remittances from absent household members, children etc, last year Remittances from absent household members, children etc, last year Remittances from absent household members, children etc, last year Remittances from absent household members, children etc, last year Remittances from absent household members, children etc, last year No 1 Yes Which of the mentioned income sources generated most cash during last year? Which of the mentioned income sources generated most cash during last year? Which of the mentioned income sources generated most cash during last year? Which of the mentioned income sources generated most cash during last year? Which of the mentioned income sources generated most cash during last year? 1 Sale of food staples 2 Sale of other food crops 3 Sale of non-food cash crops 4 Sale of animals or animal produce 5 Non-farm salaried employment 6 Micro business 7 Large-scale business 8 Rent, interest 9 Pensions 10 Remittances from absent household members, children etc Which of the mentioned farm income sources (c491 to c494) generated most cash du Which of the mentioned farm income sources (c491 to c494) generated most cash du Which of the mentioned farm income sources (c491 to c494) generated most cash du Which of the mentioned farm income sources (c491 to c494) generated most cash du Which of the mentioned farm income sources (c491 to c494) generated most cash du 1 Sale of food staples 2 Sale of other food crops 3 Sale of non-food cash crops 4 Sale of animals or animal produce 5 Non-farm salaried employment 6 Micro business 7 Large-scale business 8 Rent, interest 9 Pensions 10 Remittances from absent household members, children etc Lump/wired electricity or power, possessed Lump/wired electricity or power, possessed Lump/wired electricity or power, possessed Lump/wired electricity or power, possessed Lump/wired electricity or power, possessed No 1 Yes Mobile or stationary telephone, possessed Mobile or stationary telephone, possessed Mobile or stationary telephone, possessed Mobile or stationary telephone, possessed Mobile or stationary telephone, possessed No 1 Yes Diesel power generator or similar, possessed Diesel power generator or similar, possessed Diesel power generator or similar, possessed Diesel power generator or similar, possessed Diesel power generator or similar, possessed No 1 Yes Water pipe to house, possessed Water pipe to house, possessed Water pipe to house, possessed Water pipe to house, possessed Water pipe to house, possessed No 1 Yes Tv-set, possessed Tv-set, possessed Tv-set, possessed Tv-set, possessed Tv-set, possessed No 1 Yes Radio, possessed Radio, possessed Radio, possessed Radio, possessed Radio, possessed No 1 Yes Tape recorder, possessed Tape recorder, possessed Tape recorder, possessed Tape recorder, possessed Tape recorder, possessed No 1 Yes Bicycle, possessed Bicycle, possessed Bicycle, possessed Bicycle, possessed Bicycle, possessed No 1 Yes Sewing machine, possessed Sewing machine, possessed Sewing machine, possessed Sewing machine, possessed Sewing machine, possessed No 1 Yes Kerosene stove or other modern stove, possessed Kerosene stove or other modern stove, possessed Kerosene stove or other modern stove, possessed Kerosene stove or other modern stove, possessed Kerosene stove or other modern stove, possessed No 1 Yes Battery torch, possessed Battery torch, possessed Battery torch, possessed Battery torch, possessed Battery torch, possessed No 1 Yes Which is your most advanced means of own transport? Which is your most advanced means of own transport? Which is your most advanced means of own transport? Which is your most advanced means of own transport? Which is your most advanced means of own transport? 1 Foot 2 Bicycle 3 Donkey or horse 4 Motor bike 5 Car 6 Tractor, truck Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? Housing standard: what kind of house do you have? 1 Mud house with thatched roof 2 Mud house with corrugated iron roof 3 Block or brick house or more advanced housing types For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe For interviewer: looking at this household by way of its capital assets and appe 1 Very poor 2 Below average wealth 3 Average wealth 4 Above average 5 Very wealthy Seeds, relative cost Seeds, relative cost Seeds, relative cost Seeds, relative cost Seeds, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Chemical fertilisers, relative cost Chemical fertilisers, relative cost Chemical fertilisers, relative cost Chemical fertilisers, relative cost Chemical fertilisers, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Pesticides, relative cost Pesticides, relative cost Pesticides, relative cost Pesticides, relative cost Pesticides, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Hired labour, relative cost Hired labour, relative cost Hired labour, relative cost Hired labour, relative cost Hired labour, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Land rented, relative cost Land rented, relative cost Land rented, relative cost Land rented, relative cost Land rented, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Machinery or implements for land preparation, relative cost Machinery or implements for land preparation, relative cost Machinery or implements for land preparation, relative cost Machinery or implements for land preparation, relative cost Machinery or implements for land preparation, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Transport, relative cost Transport, relative cost Transport, relative cost Transport, relative cost Transport, relative cost No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.), relative c Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.), relative c Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.), relative c Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.), relative c Land improvement measures (conservation structures, irrigation etc.), relative c No cash outlay 1 Low or little cost 2 Moderate cost 3 A most significant cost Maize, purchased last year Maize, purchased last year Maize, purchased last year Maize, purchased last year Maize, purchased last year No 1 Yes Cassava, purchased last year Cassava, purchased last year Cassava, purchased last year Cassava, purchased last year Cassava, purchased last year No 1 Yes Sorghum, purchased last year Sorghum, purchased last year Sorghum, purchased last year Sorghum, purchased last year Sorghum, purchased last year No 1 Yes Rice, purchased last year Rice, purchased last year Rice, purchased last year Rice, purchased last year Rice, purchased last year No 1 Yes Bananas, purchased last year Bananas, purchased last year Bananas, purchased last year Bananas, purchased last year Bananas, purchased last year No 1 Yes Beans, purchased last year Beans, purchased last year Beans, purchased last year Beans, purchased last year Beans, purchased last year No 1 Yes Peas, purchased last year Peas, purchased last year Peas, purchased last year Peas, purchased last year Peas, purchased last year No 1 Yes Irish potatoes, purchased last year Irish potatoes, purchased last year Irish potatoes, purchased last year Irish potatoes, purchased last year Irish potatoes, purchased last year No 1 Yes Sweet potatoes, purchased last year Sweet potatoes, purchased last year Sweet potatoes, purchased last year Sweet potatoes, purchased last year Sweet potatoes, purchased last year No 1 Yes Millet, purchased last year Millet, purchased last year Millet, purchased last year Millet, purchased last year Millet, purchased last year No 1 Yes Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? No 1 Yes Vegetables, purchased last year_ Vegetables, purchased last year_ Vegetables, purchased last year_ Vegetables, purchased last year_ Vegetables, purchased last year_ No 1 Yes Milk, purchased last year Milk, purchased last year Milk, purchased last year Milk, purchased last year Milk, purchased last year No 1 Yes Meat, purchased last year Meat, purchased last year Meat, purchased last year Meat, purchased last year Meat, purchased last year No 1 Yes Fish, purchased last year Fish, purchased last year Fish, purchased last year Fish, purchased last year Fish, purchased last year No 1 Yes Which one is the single most costly expenditure you have in this household? Which one is the single most costly expenditure you have in this household? Which one is the single most costly expenditure you have in this household? Which one is the single most costly expenditure you have in this household? Which one is the single most costly expenditure you have in this household? 1 Farm inputs & implements 2 Food items 3 School fees 4 Medicals 5 Housing costs 6 Transport 7 Other In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? In the past year, have you borrowed money to be able to cover your expenditures? No 1 Yes Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? Are you normally able to save some money every year for future needs? No 1 Yes Household no Household no Household no Household no Household no Wheat, grown last season Wheat, grown last season Wheat, grown last season Wheat, grown last season Wheat, grown last season No 1 Yes 9 Missing Teff, grown last season Teff, grown last season Teff, grown last season Teff, grown last season Teff, grown last season No 1 Yes 9 Missing Wheat, grown reference year Wheat, grown reference year Wheat, grown reference year Wheat, grown reference year Wheat, grown reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Teff, grown reference year Teff, grown reference year Teff, grown reference year Teff, grown reference year Teff, grown reference year No 1 Yes 9 Missing Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? Do you grow wheat in pure stand or mixed with other crops? 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow cassava compare 1 Average 2 My land is better 3 My land is worse Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? Was any portion of the land under wheat irrigated? No 1 Yes What has been your average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the p What has been your average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the p What has been your average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the p What has been your average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the p What has been your average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) during the p What was the average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) the year before la What was the average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) the year before la What was the average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) the year before la What was the average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) the year before la What was the average area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) the year before la What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha What was the area under wheat (pure stand equivalent) two years ago, ha When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under wheat When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under wheat When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under wheat When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under wheat When the household was formed, what was the average size of the land under wheat Did not grow cassava at that time 1 Same as now 2 Larger then 3 Smaller then What has been the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harv What has been the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harv What has been the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harv What has been the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harv What has been the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harv What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested 99999 Do not know,missing What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat (pure stand equivalent) harvested 99999 Do not know,missing At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less wheat from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less wheat from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less wheat from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less wheat from At the time when your household was formed, did you get more or less wheat from 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then Home consumption, wheat, during last year, kg Home consumption, wheat, during last year, kg Home consumption, wheat, during last year, kg Home consumption, wheat, during last year, kg Home consumption, wheat, during last year, kg 9999 Missing 99999 Missing, do not know Payment for hired labour, wheat, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, wheat, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, wheat, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, wheat, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, wheat, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Sale of wheat, during last year, kg Sale of wheat, during last year, kg Sale of wheat, during last year, kg Sale of wheat, during last year, kg Sale of wheat, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, Other uses (seed, animal feed, 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Proportion off wheat irrigated, most recent season Proportion off wheat irrigated, most recent season Proportion off wheat irrigated, most recent season Proportion off wheat irrigated, most recent season Proportion off wheat irrigated, most recent season None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of wheat planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety 3 Hybrid 4 Qpm hybrids During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise Were pesticides applied on the wheat, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the wheat, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the wheat, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the wheat, most recent season Were pesticides applied on the wheat, most recent season No 1 Yes What was your main method of land preparation for wheat, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for wheat, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for wheat, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for wheat, most recent season? What was your main method of land preparation for wheat, most recent season? 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other, Used crop rotation in wheat, last year Used crop rotation in wheat, last year Used crop rotation in wheat, last year Used crop rotation in wheat, last year Used crop rotation in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used fallowing in wheat, last year Used fallowing in wheat, last year Used fallowing in wheat, last year Used fallowing in wheat, last year Used fallowing in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used animal manure in wheat, last year Used animal manure in wheat, last year Used animal manure in wheat, last year Used animal manure in wheat, last year Used animal manure in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in wheat, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in wheat, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in wheat, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in wheat, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year Used green manure or compost in wheat, last year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? When your household was formed, did you grow wheat? No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all Main variety of wheat planted, reference year Main variety of wheat planted, reference year Main variety of wheat planted, reference year Main variety of wheat planted, reference year Main variety of wheat planted, reference year 1 Traditional 2 Improved variety (opv, composites) 3 Hybrid 4 Qpm hybrids Amount of artificial fertiliser used on wheat, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on wheat, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on wheat, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on wheat, reference year compared to now Amount of artificial fertiliser used on wheat, reference year compared to now No use at that time 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then 4 No fertilizer applied at that time Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year Pesticides applied, reference year No 1 Yes Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year Main method of land preparation, reference year 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in wheat, reference year Used crop rotation in wheat, reference year Used crop rotation in wheat, reference year Used crop rotation in wheat, reference year Used crop rotation in wheat, reference year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.), reference year No 1 Yes Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year Used fallowing, reference year No 1 Yes Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year Used animal manure, reference year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan, reference year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year Used green manure or compost or residue incorporation, reference year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.), re No 1 Yes Since the time your household was formed, has wheat yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has wheat yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has wheat yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has wheat yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has wheat yields increased or decrease No 1 Yes If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro 1 Access to new seed varieties 2 Chemical fertiliser 3 Mechanised land preparation 4 Irrigation 5 Conservation farming, improved tillage 6 Other 9 Do not know, missing If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr 1 Poor seedlings 2 Declining soil fertility 3 Increasing pests, weeds etc 4 Inadequate or untimely land preparation 5 Untimely planting 6 Bad wheather conditions 7 Other Did you sell any wheat in the course of the past year? Did you sell any wheat in the course of the past year? Did you sell any wheat in the course of the past year? Did you sell any wheat in the course of the past year? Did you sell any wheat in the course of the past year? No 1 Yes Total amount of wheat sold during last year, kg Total amount of wheat sold during last year, kg Total amount of wheat sold during last year, kg Total amount of wheat sold during last year, kg Total amount of wheat sold during last year, kg 99999 Do not know,missing Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg Usd per 100 kg 999 Do not know,missing What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg What was (is) the highest price you received during this period, usd per 100 kg 999 Do not know,missing Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for wheat, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for wheat, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for wheat, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for wheat, km Distance to the nearest market outlet or crop depot for wheat, km 99 Do not know,missing Main market outlet for wheat? Main market outlet for wheat? Main market outlet for wheat? Main market outlet for wheat? Main market outlet for wheat? 1 Farmer cooperative or organisation 2 Private trader 3 State company and marketing board 4 Own piecemeal local marketing Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow wheat on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? No 1 Yes Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 2000 to sep 2001? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 1999 to 2000? Did you sell any wheat during the period sep 1999 to 2000? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg What was the total amount of unprocessed wheat sold during this period, kg Did you sell wheat at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell wheat at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell wheat at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell wheat at the time when the household was formed? Did you sell wheat at the time when the household was formed? No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of wheat changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of wheat changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of wheat changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of wheat changed Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of wheat changed 1 No significant change 2 More wheat sold now 3 Less wheat sold now What was the price you received for unprocessed wheat when the household was for What was the price you received for unprocessed wheat when the household was for What was the price you received for unprocessed wheat when the household was for What was the price you received for unprocessed wheat when the household was for What was the price you received for unprocessed wheat when the household was for 1 No significant change 2 Price worse then 3 Price better then In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme In your view, how has access to market outlets for wheat changed since you forme 1 Same 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea 1 No significant change 2 Prices have gone up 3 Prices have gone down In your view, how has profitability for wheat changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for wheat changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for wheat changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for wheat changed since you formed your hous In your view, how has profitability for wheat changed since you formed your hous 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now Which economic factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market i Which economic factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market i Which economic factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market i Which economic factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market i Which economic factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market i No constraints experienced 1 Low or fluctuating producer price 2 Untimely payment for crops 3 High transportation costs 4 Unreliable market outlet 5 High price for modern inputs 6 Modern inputs not available 7 Lack of credit facilities Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market Which household factors constrain at present production of wheat for the market No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most 1 Market related factors 2 Household factors During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or do you ha During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or do you ha During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or do you ha During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or do you ha During the most recent season, did you grow teff in pure stand only or do you ha 1 Pure stand only 2 Intercropped How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow teff compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow teff compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow teff compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow teff compared t How would you describe the quality of the land on which you grow teff compared t 1 Average 2 My land is better 3 My land is worse During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with teff irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with teff irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with teff irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with teff irrigated? During the most recent season, was any of the land planted with teff irrigated? No 1 Yes If yes, did you take more than one teff crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one teff crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one teff crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one teff crop per season or year? If yes, did you take more than one teff crop per season or year? No 1 Yes In addition to teff, what was the land used for? In addition to teff, what was the land used for? In addition to teff, what was the land used for? In addition to teff, what was the land used for? In addition to teff, what was the land used for? 1 For other crops 2 For grazing 3 No specific use, other uses If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? If the irrigated land was used for other crops after harvest, which crops? 1 Other food crops 2 Vegetables 3 Other What was the area under teff leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under teff leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under teff leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under teff leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under teff leading up to your most recent harvest? ha What was the area under teff during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff during the season before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff two seasons before the most recent one, ha What was the area under teff two seasons before the most recent one, ha When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under teff compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under teff compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under teff compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under teff compared When the household was formed, what was the size of the land under teff compared Did not grow teff at that time 1 Same as now 2 Larger then 3 Smaller then 9 Do not know, missing What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest, kg What was the total production of teff (grain) after your most recent harvest, kg 999999 Do not know,missing What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent What was the total production of teff during the harvest before the most recent 999999 Do not know,missing What was the total production of teff two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of teff two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of teff two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of teff two seasons ago, kg What was the total production of teff two seasons ago, kg At the time when your household was formed, how much teff did you get from a giv At the time when your household was formed, how much teff did you get from a giv At the time when your household was formed, how much teff did you get from a giv At the time when your household was formed, how much teff did you get from a giv At the time when your household was formed, how much teff did you get from a giv Did not grow barley at that time 1 No difference 2 More then 3 More now Home consumption, teff, during last year, kg Home consumption, teff, during last year, kg Home consumption, teff, during last year, kg Home consumption, teff, during last year, kg Home consumption, teff, during last year, kg 9999 Missing 99999 Missing, do not know Payment for hired labour, teff, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, teff, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, teff, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, teff, during last year, kg Payment for hired labour, teff, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Sale, teff, during last year, kg Sale, teff, during last year, kg Sale, teff, during last year, kg Sale, teff, during last year, kg Sale, teff, during last year, kg 9999 Do not know, missing 999999 Do not know,missing Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), teff, durin Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), teff, durin Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), teff, durin Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), teff, durin Other uses (seed, animal feed, brewing, gifts, storage losses etc.), teff, durin Teff irrigated, most recent season Teff irrigated, most recent season Teff irrigated, most recent season Teff irrigated, most recent season Teff irrigated, most recent season None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all During the most recent season, what was the main variety of teff planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of teff planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of teff planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of teff planted? During the most recent season, what was the main variety of teff planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved 3 Hybrid During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise During the most recent season, what was the total amount of artificial fertilise Were pesticides applied on teff last season? Were pesticides applied on teff last season? Were pesticides applied on teff last season? Were pesticides applied on teff last season? Were pesticides applied on teff last season? No 1 Yes During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for During the most recent season, what was your main method of land preparation for 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in teff, last year Used crop rotation in teff, last year Used crop rotation in teff, last year Used crop rotation in teff, last year Used crop rotation in teff, last year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, last year Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, last year No 1 Yes Used fallowing in teff, last year Used fallowing in teff, last year Used fallowing in teff, last year Used fallowing in teff, last year Used fallowing in teff, last year No 1 Yes Used animal manure in teff, last year Used animal manure in teff, last year Used animal manure in teff, last year Used animal manure in teff, last year Used animal manure in teff, last year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, last year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, last year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost in teff, last year Used green manure or compost in teff, last year Used green manure or compost in teff, last year Used green manure or compost in teff, last year Used green manure or compost in teff, last year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes When your household was formed, did you grow teff? When your household was formed, did you grow teff? When your household was formed, did you grow teff? When your household was formed, did you grow teff? When your household was formed, did you grow teff? No 1 Yes At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted At the time when this household was formed, what proportion of the land planted None 1 1/4 2 1/2 3 3/4 4 All or nearly all At that time, what was the main variety of teff planted? At that time, what was the main variety of teff planted? At that time, what was the main variety of teff planted? At that time, what was the main variety of teff planted? At that time, what was the main variety of teff planted? 1 Traditional 2 Improved 3 Hybrid What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on teff compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on teff compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on teff compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on teff compared to now? What was the amount of artificial fertiliser used on teff compared to now? 1 No difference 2 More then 3 Less then 4 No fertiliser applied at that time Were pesticides applied to teff at that time? Were pesticides applied to teff at that time? Were pesticides applied to teff at that time? Were pesticides applied to teff at that time? Were pesticides applied to teff at that time? No 1 Yes At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr At the time when your household was formed, what was your main method of land pr 1 Hoe cultivation 2 Oxen ploughing 3 Tractor ploughing 4 Other Used crop rotation in teff, reference year Used crop rotation in teff, reference year Used crop rotation in teff, reference year Used crop rotation in teff, reference year Used crop rotation in teff, reference year No 1 Yes Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, reference ye Used intercropping with nitrogen fixing crops (beans etc.) in teff, reference ye No 1 Yes Used fallowing in teff, reference year Used fallowing in teff, reference year Used fallowing in teff, reference year Used fallowing in teff, reference year Used fallowing in teff, reference year No 1 Yes Used animal manure in teff, reference year Used animal manure in teff, reference year Used animal manure in teff, reference year Used animal manure in teff, reference year Used animal manure in teff, reference year No 1 Yes Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, reference year Used conservation tillage or breaking the hard pan in teff, reference year No 1 Yes Used green manure or compost in teff, reference year Used green manure or compost in teff, reference year Used green manure or compost in teff, reference year Used green manure or compost in teff, reference year Used green manure or compost in teff, reference year No 1 Yes Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in Used soil and water conservation (level bunds, grass strips, terracing etc.) in No 1 Yes Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease Since the time your household was formed, has paddy yields increased or decrease No 1 Yes If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro If increased, what has been the single most important technological change impro 1 Access to new seed varieties 2 Chemical fertiliser 3 Mechanised land preparation 4 Irrigation 5 Conservation farming, improved tillage 6 Other If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr If decreased, what has been the single most important agro-technical change decr 1 Poor seeds 2 Declining soil fertility or inadequate fertilisation 3 Increasing pests, weeds etc 4 Inadequate or untimely land preparation 5 Untimely planting 6 Inadequate water access or availability 7 Other Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves Did you sell or do you intend to sell any teff following your most recent harves No 1 Yes What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was the total amount of teff sold (or is planned to be sold) after the most What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the lowest price for teff you received following the most recent h What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, What was (is) the highest price you received following the most recent harvest, At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de At present, what is the approximate distance to nearest market outlet or crop de What is your main market outlet or crop depot for teff? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for teff? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for teff? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for teff? What is your main market outlet or crop depot for teff? 1 Farmer cooperative or organisation 2 Private trader 3 State company and marketing board 4 Own piecemeal local marketing Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? Do you grow teff on the basis of a pre-arranged contract with a private trader? No 1 Yes 9 Missing Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest before the most recent one? No 1 Yes 9 Missing What was the total amount of teff sold, kg What was the total amount of teff sold, kg What was the total amount of teff sold, kg What was the total amount of teff sold, kg What was the total amount of teff sold, kg Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? Did you sell any teff after the harvest two seasons before the most recent one? No 1 Yes What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago, kg What was the total amount of teff sold two seasons ago, kg Did you sell any teff at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any teff at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any teff at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any teff at the time when this household was formed? Did you sell any teff at the time when this household was formed? No 1 Yes Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of teff changed? Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of teff changed? Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of teff changed? Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of teff changed? Since you formed your farm or household, how has your marketing of teff changed? 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now What was producer price for teff when the household was formed? What was producer price for teff when the household was formed? What was producer price for teff when the household was formed? What was producer price for teff when the household was formed? What was producer price for teff when the household was formed? 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed In your view, how has access to market outlets for teff changed since you formed 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea In your view, how has the price for modern inputs (fertilisers and seeds) as mea 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now In your view, how has profitability for teff changed since you formed your house In your view, how has profitability for teff changed since you formed your house In your view, how has profitability for teff changed since you formed your house In your view, how has profitability for teff changed since you formed your house In your view, how has profitability for teff changed since you formed your house 1 No significant change 2 Better now 3 Worse now According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro According to your opinion, which market-related factors constrain at present pro No constraints experienced 1 Low or fluctuating producer price 2 Untimely payment for crops 3 High transportation costs 4 Unreliable market outlet 5 High price for modern inputs 6 Modern inputs not available 7 Lack of credit facilities Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i Which household factors constrain at present production of teff for the market i No constraints experienced 1 Household labour shortage 2 Farm labour too expensive to hire 3 Chronic illness in the family 4 Lack of land to grow crops or insecure land tenure 5 Lack of knowledge about yield improving farming techniques 6 Lack of capital to buy inputs etc. 7 Lack of capital for land preparation Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most Which of the two groups of factors, market or household conditions, is the most 1 Market related factors 2 Household factors