DDI_WLD_1992-2012_INDEPTH_v02_M Kobus Herbst Peter Byass 2014-08-13 NADA Version 3 (22 Sep 2014) Version 2 (15 Sep 2014) Version 1 (13 Aug 2014) Edited version, the original DDI (DDI.INDEPTH.GH003.COD2014.v2) was downloaded from INDEPTH Data Repository (http://www.indepth-ishare.org/index.php/catalog/central) on October 2014. The following DDI elements have been modified: DDI Document ID, survey ID and title of the study. Household Demographic Surveillance System, Cause-Specific Mortality 1992-2012 Release 2014 INDEPTH 1992-12 WLD_1992-2012_INDEPTH_v01_M Osman A. Sankoh Peter Byass P. Kim Streatfield Wasif A. Khan Abba Bhuiya Nurul Alam Ali Sie Abdramane Soura Bassirou Bonfoh Berhe Weldearegawi Abraham Oduro Margaret Gyapong Momodou Jasseh Siswanto Wilopo Shashi Kant Sanjay Juvekar Thomas N. Williams Frank O. Odhiambo Alex Ezeh Amelia Crampin Valérie Delaunay Stephen M. Tollman Abraham J. Herbst Nguyen T.K. Chuc Marcel Tanner

Kobus Herbst

Peter Byass

Samuelina Arthur

NADA Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation IDRC Rockefeller Foundation SIDA / Research Cooperation Swiss TPH Wellcome Trust WHO/HMN William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Kobus Herbst Peter Byass Demographic Surveillance INDEPTH Cause of Death Version 01: Base version Cause of Death [N01.224.935.698.100] Mortality [N01.224.935.698] Cause of death data based on VA interviews were contributed by fourteen INDEPTH HDSS sites in sub-Saharan Africa and eight sites in Asia. The principles of the Network and its constituent population surveillance sites have been described elsewhere [1]. Each HDSS site is committed to long-term longitudinal surveillance of circumscribed populations, typically each covering around 50,000 to 100,000 people. Households are registered and visited regularly by lay field-workers, with a frequency varying from once per year to several times per year. All vital events are registered at each such visit, and any deaths recorded are followed up with verbal autopsy interviews, usually 147 undertaken by specially trained lay interviewers. A few sites were already operational in the 1990s, but in this dataset 95% of the person-time observed related to the period from 2000 onwards, with 58% from 2007 onwards. Two sites, in Nairobi and Ouagadougou, followed urban populations, while the remainder covered areas that were generally more rural in character, although some included local urban centres. Sites covered entire populations, although the Karonga, Malawi, site only contributed VAs for deaths of people aged 12 years and older. Because the sites were not located or designed in a systematic way to be representative of national or regional populations, it is not meaningful to aggregate results over sites. All cause of death assignments in this dataset were made using the InterVA-4 model version 4.02 [2]. InterVA-4 uses probabilistic modelling to arrive at likely cause(s) of death for each VA case, the workings of the model being based on a combination of expert medical opinion and relevant available data. InterVA-4 is the only model currently available that processes VA data according to the WHO 2012 standard and categorises causes of death according to ICD-10. Since the VA data reported here were collected before the WHO 2012 standard was formulated, they were all retrospectively transformed into the WHO 2012 and InterVA-4 input format for processing. The InterVA-4 model was applied to the data from each site, yielding, for each case, up to three possible causes of death or an indeterminate result. Each cause for a case is a single record in the dataset. In a minority of cases, for example where symptoms were vague, contradictory or mutually inconsistent, it was impossible for InterVA-4 to determine a cause of death, and these deaths were attributed as entirely indeterminate. For the remaining cases, one to three likely causes and their likelihoods were assigned by InterVA-4, and if the sum of their likelihoods was less than one, the residual component was then assigned as being indeterminate. This was an important process for capturing uncertainty in cause of death outcome(s) from the model at the individual level, thus avoiding over-interpretation of specific causes. As a consequence there were three sources of unattributed cause of death: deaths registered for which VAs were not successfully completed; VAs completed but where the cause was entirely indeterminate; and residual components of deaths attributed as indeterminate. In this dataset each case has between one and four records, each with its own cause and likelihood. Cases for which VAs were not successfully completed has a single record with the cause of death recorded as “VA not completed” and a likelihood of one. Thus the overall sum of the likelihoods equated to the total number of deaths. Each record also contains a population weighting factor reflecting the ratio of the population fraction for its site, age group, sex and year to the corresponding age group and sex fraction in the standard population (see section on weighting). In this context, all of these data are secondary datasets derived from primary data collected separately by each participating site. In all cases the primary data collection was covered by site-level ethical approvals relating to on-going demographic surveillance in those specific locations. No individual identity or household location data are included in this secondary data. 1. Sankoh O, Byass P. The INDEPTH Network: filling vital gaps in global epidemiology. International Journal of Epidemiology 2012; 41:579-588. 2. Byass P, Chandramohan D, Clark SJ, D’Ambruoso L, Fottrell E, Graham WJ, et al. Strengthening standardised interpretation of verbal autopsy data: the new InterVA-4 tool. Global Health Action 2012; 5:19281. World Demographic surveiallance areas (countries from Africa, Asia and Oceania) of the following HDSSs: <pre>Code Country INDEPTH Centre BD011 Bangladesh ICDDR-B : Matlab BD012 Bangladesh ICDDR-B : Bandarban BD013 Bangladesh ICDDR-B : Chakaria BD014 Bangladesh ICDDR-B : AMK BF031 Burkina Faso Nouna BF041 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CI011 Côte d'Ivoire Taabo ET031 Ethiopia Kilite Awlaelo GH011 Ghana Navrongo GH031 Ghana Dodowa GM011 The Gambia Farafenni ID011 Indonesia Purworejo IN011 India Ballabgarh IN021 India Vadu KE011 Kenya Kilifi KE021 Kenya Kisumu KE031 Kenya Nairobi MW011 Malawi Karonga SN011 Senegal IRD : Bandafassi VN012 Vietnam Hanoi Medical University : Filabavi ZA011 South Africa Agincourt ZA031 South Africa Africa Centre</pre> Death Cause Surveillance population Deceased individuals Cause of death Verbal autopsy-based cause of death data Cause of death derived from verbal autopsy interviews using automated anlysis by a computer program, InterVA 4. Rounds per year varies between sites from once to three times per year No sampling, covers total population in demographic surveillance area Face-to-face [f2f] The Verbal Autopsy Questionnaires used by the various sites differed, but in most cases they were a derivation from the original WHO Verbal Autopsy questionnaire. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/verbalautopsystandards/en/index1.html Households are registered and visited regularly by lay field-workers, with a frequency varying from once per year to several times per year. All vital events are registered at each such visit, and any deaths recorded are followed up with verbal autopsy interviews, usually undertaken by specially trained lay interviewers. The number of deaths by sex and age group were weighted using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population structure for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa and Asia [1], as shown in Table 1. This public-domain standard population has been presented in relation to other global standards such as Segi and WHO, from which it differs in reflecting the higher fertility and younger-age mortality rates commonly seen in LMIC populations [1]. Each record contains a population weighting factor (wt) reflecting the ratio of the population fraction for its site, age group, sex and year to the corresponding age group and sex fraction in the standard population described in Table 1, for the purposes of standardisation. A further factor (lik_wt) is calculated for each record as the product of the VA cause likelihood and the population standard weighting (both described above), which can be used as the basis for calculating age-sex-time standardised CSMFs and CSMRs. Table 1: <pre>Age Group INDEPTH 2013 standard Male Female 0-28 days 0.11% 0.10% 1-11 months 1.49% 1.38% 1-4 years 6.01% 5.57% 5-14 years 13.76% 12.57% 15-49 years 22.54% 23.50% 50-64 years 3.87% 4.36% 65+ years 2.22% 2.52%</pre> 1. Sankoh O, Sharrow D, Herbst K, Kabudula CW, Alam N, Kant S, et al. The INDEPTH standard population for low- and middle-income countries, 2013. Global Health Action 2014; 7:23286. One cause of death record was inserted for every death where a verbal autopsy was not conducted. The cuase of death assigned in these cases is "XX VA not completed" INDEPTH Data Repository INDEPTH Data Repository http://www.indepth-ishare.org/index.php/catalog/48 Cose: None Osman Sankoh Kobus Herbst INDEPTH Network. INDEPTH Network Cause-Specific Mortality - Release 2014. Oct 2014. Provided by the INDEPTH Network Data Repository. www.indepth-network.org <http://www.indepth-network.org>.10.7796/INDEPTH.GH003.COD2014.v1 <http://dx.doi.org/10.7796/INDEPTH.GH003.COD2014.v1> This data is made available for licensed access under the following conditions: 1. Data and other material provided by INDEPTH will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions or organisations without INDEPTH's written agreement. 2. In the case of multi-centre datasets, data originating from a single contributing member centre of the INDEPTH Network may not be analysed or reported on in isolation without the express permission of the member centre concerned. 3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and there will be no use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery will be reported immediately to INDEPTH. 4. No attempt will be made to produce links between datasets provided by INDEPTH or between INDEPTH data and other datasets that could identify individuals. 5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports or other publications employing data obtained from INDEPTH will cite the source, in line with the citation requirement provided with the dataset. 6. An electronic copy of all publications based on the requested data will be sent to INDEPTH. 7. The original collector of the data, INDEPTH, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for the data's use or interpretation or inferences based upon it. 8. Any published use of the data must cite the dataset as specified under the citation requirements. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, INDEPTH, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for the data's use or interpretation or inferences based upon it. CODA_2013_v7_Anonymised INDEPTH NETWORK CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY - RELEASE 2014 176834 17 Anonymised individual identifier Anonymised individual identifier Anonymised individual identifier Anonymised individual identifier Anonymised individual identifier 176834 1 98458 Anonymised individual identifier INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code 176834 BD011 BD012 BD013 BD014 BF031 BF041 CI011 ET031 GH011 GH031 GM011 ID011 IN011 IN021 KE011 KE021 KE031 MW011 SN011 VN012 ZA011 ZA031 INDEPTH Centre Code Year of death Year of death Year of death Year of death Year of death 176834 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year of death Age group at death Age group at death Age group at death Age group at death Age group at death 176834 1 neonate 2 infant 3 1-4 yr 4 5-14 yr 5 15-49 yr 6 50-64 yr 7 65+ yr Age group at death Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex 176834 1 Male 2 Female Sex Person years Person years Person years Person years Person years 176834 12 62112.789 Total person years of exposure for all individuals under surveillance in the particular year, age group and sex. Verbal autopsy completed Verbal autopsy completed Verbal autopsy completed Verbal autopsy completed Verbal autopsy completed 176834 No 1 Yes Whether a verbal autopsy has been completed for this case Malaria level Malaria level Malaria level Malaria level Malaria level 163334 H L Malaria exposure level in the geographic area where the site is situated. The InterVA-4 “high” (value='H') malaria setting was used for all the West African sites, plus the East African sites (with the exceptions, on the grounds of high altitude, of Nairobi, Kenya and Kilite-Awlaelo, Ethiopia), on the basis of local experience. All other sites used the “low” (value='L') setting; the “very low” setting was not used. The InterVA-4 guideline is that the “high” setting is appropriate for an expected malaria CSMF higher than about 1%, though the setting chosen does not result in any great dichotomisation of outputs; the clinical equivalent would be a physician’s knowledge that his/her current case comes from a setting where malaria is more or less likely, irrespective of particular symptoms HIV level HIV level HIV level HIV level HIV level 163334 H L HIV level. The InterVA-4 “high” HIV/AIDS setting (value='H') was used for sites in Kenya, Malawi and South Africa. All other sites used the “low” setting (value='L'); the “very low” setting was not used. The InterVA-4 guideline is that the “high” setting is appropriate for an expected HIV/AIDS cause-specific mortality fraction (CSMF) higher than about 1%, though it does not result in any great dichotomisation of outputs; the clinical equivalent is a physician’s knowledge that his/her current case comes from a setting where HIV/AIDS is more or less likely, irrespective of that current case’s particular symptoms. Cause of death Cause of death Cause of death Cause of death Cause of death 176834 01.01 Sepsis (non-obstetric) 01.02 Acute resp infect incl pneumonia 01.03 HIV/AIDS related death 01.04 Diarrhoeal diseases 01.05 Malaria 01.06 Measles 01.07 Meningitis and encephalitis 01.08 & 10.05 Tetanus 01.09 Pulmonary tuberculosis 01.10 Pertussis 01.11 Haemorrhagic fever 01.99 Other and unspecified infect dis 02.01 Oral neoplasms 02.02 Digestive neoplasms 02.03 Respiratory neoplasms 02.04 Breast neoplasms 02.05 & 02.06 Reproductive neoplasms MF 02.99 Other and unspecified neoplasms 03.01 Severe anaemia 03.02 Severe malnutrition 03.03 Diabetes mellitus 04.01 Acute cardiac disease 04.02 Stroke 04.03 Sickle cell with crisis 04.99 Other and unspecified cardiac dis 05.01 Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis 05.02 Asthma 06.01 Acute abdomen 06.02 Liver cirrhosis 07.01 Renal failure 08.01 Epilepsy 09.01 Ectopic pregnancy 09.02 Abortion-related death 09.03 Pregnancy-induced hypertension 09.04 Obstetric haemorrhage 09.05 Obstructed labour 09.06 Pregnancy-related sepsis 09.07 Anaemia of pregnancy 09.08 Ruptured uterus 09.99 Other and unspecified maternal CoD 10.01 Prematurity 10.02 Birth asphyxia 10.03 Neonatal pneumonia 10.04 Neonatal sepsis 10.06 Congenital malformation 10.99 Other and unspecified neonatal CoD 12.01 Road traffic accident 12.02 Other transport accident 12.03 Accid fall 12.04 Accid drowning and submersion 12.05 Accid expos to smoke fire & flame 12.06 Contact with venomous plant/animal 12.07 Accid poisoning & noxious subs 12.08 Intentional self-harm 12.09 Assault 12.10 Exposure to force of nature 12.99 Other and unspecified external CoD 98 Other and unspecified NCD 99 Indeterminate XX VA not completed Cause of death from the WHO Verbal Autopsy cause list. See: <a href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/verbalautopsystandards/en/" title="WHO">Verbal autopsy standards: ascertaining and attributing causes of death</a> Case weight Case weight Case weight Case weight Case weight 176834 0.423 5.739 Case weight. Calculated as the ratio of the proportion of the standard population in the relevant age/sex group to the proportion of the total person years of exposure of the relevan age/sex group in the site. Likelihood of cause Likelihood of cause Likelihood of cause Likelihood of cause Likelihood of cause 176834 1 Likelihood of cause being the true cuase of death as calculated by the InterVA4 program. Weighted likelihood Weighted likelihood Weighted likelihood Weighted likelihood Weighted likelihood 176834 5.739 Weighted likelihood. lik times wt. Numeric cause of death code Numeric cause of death code Numeric cause of death code Numeric cause of death code Numeric cause of death code 176834 10 01.01 Sepsis (non-obstetric) 11 01.02 Acute resp infect, incl pneumonia 12 01.03 HIV/AIDS related death 13 01.04 Diarrhoeal diseases 14 01.05 Malaria 15 01.06 Measles 16 01.07 Meningitis and encephalitis 17 01.08, 10.05 Tetanus 18 01.09 Pulmonary tuberculosis 19 01.10 Pertussis 20 01.11 Haemorrhagic fever 21 01.99 Other and unspecified infect dis 22 02.01 Oral neoplasms 23 02.02 Digestive neoplasms 24 02.03 Respiratory neoplasms 25 02.04 Breast neoplasms 26 02.05, 02.06 Reproductive neoplasms M,F 27 02.99 Other and unspecified neoplasms 28 03.01 Severe anaemia 29 03.02 Severe malnutrition 30 03.03 Diabetes mellitus 31 04.01 Acute cardiac disease 32 04.03 Sickle cell with crisis 33 04.02 Stroke 34 04.99 Other and unspecified cardiac dis 35 05.01 Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis 36 05.02 Asthma 37 06.01 Acute abdomen 38 06.02 Liver cirrhosis 39 07.01 Renal failure 40 08.01 Epilepsy 41 98 Other and unspecified NCD 42 10.06 Congenital malformation 43 10.01 Prematurity 44 10.02 Birth asphyxia 45 10.03 Neonatal pneumonia 46 10.04 Neonatal sepsis 47 10.99 Other and unspecified neonatal CoD 48 11.01 Fresh stillbirth 49 11.02 Macerated stillbirth 50 12.01 Road traffic accident 51 12.02 Other transport accident 52 12.03 Accid fall 53 12.04 Accid drowning and submersion 54 12.05 Accid expos to smoke, fire & flame 55 12.06 Contact with venomous plant/animal 56 12.10 Exposure to force of nature 57 12.07 Accid poisoning and noxious subs 58 12.08 Intentional self-harm 59 12.09 Assault 60 12.99 Other and unspecified external CoD 61 09.01 Ectopic pregnancy 62 09.02 Abortion-related death 63 09.03 Pregnancy-induced hypertension 64 09.04 Obstetric haemorrhage 65 09.05 Obstructed labour 66 09.06 Pregnancy-related sepsis 67 09.07 Anaemia of pregnancy 68 09.08 Ruptured uterus 69 09.99 Other and unspecified maternal CoD 70 99 Indeterminate 71 XX Va not completed Numeric cause of death code from the WHO Verbal Autopsy cause list. INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code INDEPTH Centre Code 176834 1 BD011 2 BD012 3 BD013 4 BD014 5 BF031 6 BF041 7 CI011 8 ET031 9 GH011 10 GH031 11 GM011 12 ID011 13 IN011 14 IN021 15 KE011 16 KE021 17 KE031 18 MW011 19 SN011 20 VN012 21 ZA011 22 ZA031 INDEPTH Centre Code numerically encoded Cause group Cause group Cause group Cause group Cause group 176834 1 01 Communicable 2 02 Neoplasms 3 03 Non-communicable 4 04 Maternal/Neonatal 5 05 Trauma 6 06 Indeterminate Causes grouped into larger categories of cause-specific mortality Age category Age category Age category Age category Age category 176834 1 01 Children 2 02 Adults 3 03 Elderly Age groups classified into larger categories