{"type":"survey","doc_desc":{"title":"AFG_2008_InS_v01_M_WB","idno":"DDI_AFG_2008_InS_v01_M_WB","producers":[{"name":"Antonina Redko","abbreviation":"","affiliation":"","role":""}],"version_statement":{"version":"Version 01"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"AFG_2008_InS_v01_M_WB","title":"Informal Survey 2008","alt_title":"InS 2008"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliation":""}],"production_statement":{"funding_agencies":[{"name":"World Bank","abbreviation":"","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"","affiliation":"","email":"enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org ","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Enterprise Survey [en\/oth]","series_info":"This is the first round of informal surveys conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Analysis Unit in six African countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivore, Madagascar, Mauritius), Afghanistan and Nepal. \n\nInformal surveys target unregistered enterprises, which in these countries make up a significant part of the economy. The research evaluates how informal businesses function and assesses the difference between registered and unregistered establishments. The data could help implement changes in government - business relationships."},"study_info":{"abstract":"This research is a survey of unregistered businesses conducted in Afghanistan between October and December 2008 at the same time with Afghanistan 2008 Enterprise Survey. 419 informal businesses were interviewed. \n\nThe objective of World Bank firm-level surveys is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector, assess constraints to private sector growth and create statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. \n\nThe same survey instrument was used for formal and informal establishments in Afghanistan.\n\nThe standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country\u2019s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents\u2019 opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2008-10","end":"2008-12","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Afghanistan","abbreviation":"AFG"}],"geog_coverage":"National","geog_unit":"Regions covered are selected based on the number of establishments, contribution to employment, and value added. In most cases these regions are metropolitan areas and reflect the largest centers of economic activity in a country.","analysis_unit":"An unregistered establishment is the main focus of the research. An unregistered establishment is a business not registered with a central government body, such as Afghanistan Investment Support Agency, and\/or any government ministry (the Department of Commerce, the Department of Economy, the Department of Education, etc.) Any business, registered only with a local municipality, a business association or a union, was also considered informal.","universe":"The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. Firms with 100% government\/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"Altai Consulting","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""},{"name":"Noma Consulting","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""}],"sampling_procedure":"The sample was split between five sectors. The World Bank advised on four sectors: manufacturing, retail, construction, and 'other services', comprising of hotels and restaurants; wholesalers; transport, storage and communications; IT services, and repair of motor vehicles. The local partner introduced an additional sector of \"professional, scientific and technical,\" comprised of legal and accounting services, business and consulting services, architecture and engineering, advertising, research and media companies, private education institutes, and private health clinics. \n\nTen cities were covered for this survey, weighted according to the size and level of industrial activity. \n\nTo access informal companies, supervisors contacted local administrations, business associations, unions and non-profits to obtain lists of informal companies that fit the sample criteria. The lists were used to conduct informal interviews. \n\nHowever, when this was impossible, the fieldwork team used the snowball sampling technique, i.e. after a successful interview with an informal business, an interviewer asked a respondent to direct the team towards other unregistered businesses that fit the sample criteria, in different locations across the city.","sampling_deviation":"Given the small number of retailers registered centrally, combined with the unavailability of a comprehensive list of registered retailers, the decision was made to accept some retailers, which were only registered at the municipal level, as formal.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"The current survey instrument is available:\n- Main questionnaire that combines Core, Manufacturing and Services modules. \n\nThree versions of the questionnaire were generated in order to provide more tailored tools to the fieldwork team: \n1) The Core questionnaire was used for the construction, other services, and professional, scientific and technical sectors; \n2) The Manufacturing questionnaire was only used for manufacturers. It contained all the questions on the Core questionnaire, as well as some manufacturing specific questions; \n3) The Services questionnaire was only used for retailers. It contained all the questions on the Core questionnaire, as well as some retailer specific questions.\n\nThe standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, security, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country\u2019s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents\u2019 opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.","coll_situation":"Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization\/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.\n\nThe survey was conducted in Dari and Pashto.\n\nSecurity was a significant factor in carrying out fieldwork across Afghanistan, where political unrest and criminal activity present notable risks and obstacles to effective data collection. However, risks were minimized by:\n\n1) Engaging local staff in each of the cities, where possible. With the exception of Bamyan (a relatively peaceful part of the country), interviewers operated in their hometowns; \n2) Flying members of the fieldwork team for training in Kabul, rather than going by roads that are known to be partly controlled by insurgents and\/or bandits. This was the case for supervisors and interviewers from Kandahar and Herat; \n3) Providing sufficient authority to the interviewers, including a Noma Consulting photo ID card, a letter from the Department of Commerce and Industry, and a letter from the World Bank, to allay concerns and potential hostility from prospective interviewees. \n\nA number of gifts were offered to respondents to encourage participation, including a simcard, and a leather-bound notebook and a pen. In addition, a small pamphlet in Dari, containing information from the 2005 Afghanistan Enterprise Survey, was distributed to help explain how the information derived from the survey was used. \n\nInterviews lasted between one and two hours. In a small number of cases, the interview length exceeded two hours, but this was often due to numerous phone calls or interruptions.","act_min":"The fieldwork team had 24 members: 6 supervisors and 18 interviewers. The interviewers trained for the survey were generally college educated in Afghanistan or a neighboring country and\/or had previous experience with conducting interviews in the country. Each interviewer had a set quota of businesses to interview. In order to achieve the quota, the interviewer was required to make the first contact with companies (except in a few cases when the supervisor did so), complete the screener document (in the case of formal companies), and conduct the interview. \n\nSupervisors were more experienced interviewers, typically with a professional background, such as doctors or engineers. They coordinated their interviewer team, reviewed survey tools (questionnaires, cards, screeners, etc.), and evaluated each questionnaire to be sure it was complete and consistent. Supervisors also observed some interviews to ensure that the interviewers were asking questions in the right manner and were recording the answers correctly.","weight":"For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights.\n\na- Strict assumption: eligible establishments are only those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility. \n\nb- Median assumption: eligible establishments are those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility and those that rejected the screener questionnaire or an answering machine or fax was the only response. Median weights are used for computing indicators on the www.enterprisesurveys.org website.\n\nc- Weak assumption: in addition to the establishments included in points a and b, all establishments for which it was not possible to finalize a contact are assumed eligible. This includes establishments with dead or out of service phone lines, establishments that never answered the phone, and establishments with incorrect addresses for which it was impossible to find a new address. Note that under the weak assumption only observed non-eligible units are excluded from universe projections.","cleaning_operations":"Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Where necessary please site the source as \"Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\"","conditions":"Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Analysis Unit data are available to the public at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org \n\nFirm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the firm-level data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on \"External users register here\" at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/Portal"}}},"data_files":[{"file_id":"F1","file_name":"Afghanistan_idstd_Informal","description":"The file contains the cleaned, raw database.","case_count":"419","var_count":"306","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null}],"variables":[{"vid":"V1","name":"idstd","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"1","var_end_pos":"6","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"WEB STD FIRMID","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"440801","max":"441076"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"Unique ID for each observation","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V2","name":"id","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"7","var_end_pos":"11","var_width":"5","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"interview number","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"7006","max":"60400"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V3","name":"id2005","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"12","var_end_pos":"12","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"ID in 2005","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"7006","max":"7381"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"0","type":"vald"},{"value":"419","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"ID used to link panel observations with previous surveys","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V4","name":"id1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"13","var_end_pos":"13","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"list","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"wb panel list","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"wb aisa list","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"aicf formal","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"aicf informal","stats":"419","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"wb other sources","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V5","name":"formality","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"14","var_end_pos":"14","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"formal or informal","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"formal","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"informal","stats":"419","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V6","name":"sectors","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"15","var_end_pos":"15","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"sector of the company","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"retailers","stats":"106","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"manufacturing","stats":"105","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"construction","stats":"48","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"other services","stats":"109","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"professional","stats":"51","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V7","name":"a0","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"16","var_end_pos":"16","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"a.0 questionnaire","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Questionnaire used in the interview. 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is to obtain the year in which operations started regardless of who was the owner at the time. \n\nThe year when the establishment began operation refers to the year in which the establishment actually started producing (or providing services), not to the year in which it was registered for the first time.  \n\nIf the establishment was privatized, then the date provided should refer to when the original government-owned establishment began operations.\n\nIf the establishment changed its production significantly to change sector classification, then the year when that took place should be provided.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2007"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't 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of full-time employees of the establishment when it started operations","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How many full-time employees did this establishment employ when it started operations? Please include all employees and managers","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The number of permanent, full-time employees for the time that the enterprise began operations should be provided. All employees and managers (including respondent) should be included.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"1992"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"44","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"64","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"47","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"70","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"42","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"11","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"13","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"14","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"16","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"17","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"18","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"21","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"150","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V24","name":"b1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"82","var_end_pos":"83","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what is this firm's current legal status?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is this firm\u2018s current legal status?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A firm's legal status is information well known for the target respondent: CEO, General Manager or owner of the firm.\nENUMERATORS DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE DEFINITION OF EACH TYPE OF LEGAL STATUS.\n\nA firm's legal status is first determined by whether participation on ownership is by shares (first 2 options) or not (options 3 and 4). The fifth option is a combination of the previous ones. \n\nIf a firm's shares are publicly traded, it is a shareholding company with shares traded in the stock market. If the shares are not traded or they are traded only privately it is a shareholding company with shares traded privately. A shareholding company with shares traded privately is a firm that is owned by partners or shareholders for whom their claims over the firm are not publicly traded. They may or may not be traded privately. In both of these categories firms have limited liability.\n\nA sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual natural person. A natural person is a real human being, as opposed to an artificial legal entity such as a corporation or organization that the law treats for some purposes as if it were a person distinct from its members or owner(s).\n\nA firm's legal status defines the extent of the liability which defines the level of responsibility of the owner over the firm's obligations. Under limited liability each owner is only responsible for the proportion of his\/her shares.\n\nA partnership allows two or more people to share profits and liabilities, with or without privately held shares. In a partnership, the parties could be individuals, corporations, trusts, other partnerships, or a combination of all of the above. The essential characteristic of this partnership is the unlimited liability of every partner.\n\nLimited partnership is a legal form that includes one or several general partners and one or more limited partners who invest capital into the partnership, but do not take part in the daily operation or management of the business. The limited partners limit their amount of liability to the amount of capital invested in the partnership. The general partners personally shoulder all debts and obligations of the partnership. Business operations are governed, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement, by majority vote of voting partners. Limited liability partnerships are separate legal entities that provide liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. \n\nCooperatives and state owned firms should be designated as Other. When other is chosen, the actual form of legal status must be specified in writing by the enumerator on the survey instrument.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"shareholding company","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"sole proprietorship","stats":"341","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"partnership","stats":"66","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"limited partnership","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"other","stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V25","name":"b3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"84","var_end_pos":"86","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what percentage of this firm does the largest owner(s) own?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm does the largest owner or owners own?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"78","type":"vald"},{"value":"341","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"17","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"21","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"33","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"37","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"38","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"95","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"341","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V26","name":"b2a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"87","var_end_pos":"89","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2a private domestic individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following:\t\nPrivate domestic individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"33","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"388","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V27","name":"b2b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"90","var_end_pos":"91","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2b private foreign individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following:  \t\nPrivate foreign individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"405","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"67","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V28","name":"b2c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"92","var_end_pos":"93","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2c government\/state","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following: \t\nGovernment\/State","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"75"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"410","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V29","name":"b2d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"94","var_end_pos":"96","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2d other","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following: \nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. (Follow the same rule for companies.)\n\nA firm that is a subsidiary of a government-owned firm should be considered government-owned. \n\nFirms that operate under a franchise agreement should be classified according to the nationality of those awarded the franchise.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't 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females?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-Explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"412","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V31","name":"fgq14","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"99","var_end_pos":"100","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"14. what is the highest level of education completed by the principle owner of t","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is the highest level of education completed by the principle owner of this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t 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asia","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"china","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"united states","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"canada","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"europe","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"other","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"180","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V34","name":"fgq17","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"105","var_end_pos":"105","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"17. what was your main reason for returning to afghanistan?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What was your main reason for returning to Afghanistan?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"239","type":"vald"},{"value":"180","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"perceived business 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utilization)?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A capacity utilization estimate should be compared to a full production capacity capability.\n\nThis question only references the production facility and not the administrative offices.\n\nFull production capacity is the maximum level of production that this establishment could reasonably expect to attain during regular working hours, and under normal and realistic operating conditions fully utilizing the machinery, equipment and employees in place.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"105","type":"vald"},{"value":"314","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't 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When firms have to maintain a high level of sales items in stock, because they cannot rely on a predictable supply, this is a source of economic inefficiency. Inversely, if supplies of the main sales can be relied upon to be easily available, firms will keep low levels of stock on hand.\n\nThe main sales item is the item that accounts for the highest percentage of sales among all items that the establishment sells. It is not the item for which stock is maintained the longest.  \n\nDays of inventory should be calculated as how many days it would take, under normal sales conditions, to deplete the main sales item held in supply at the establishment's premises.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"365"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"108","type":"vald"},{"value":"311","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"38","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"75","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"120","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"150","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"180","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"240","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"365","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"311","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V109","name":"d16","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"473","var_end_pos":"475","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"when you receive your most key input, how many days of stock is available?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At the present time, when this establishment receives delivery of its most important input, on average, how many days of inventory, measured in days of production, does this establishment keep?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Days of inventory of main input. The purpose of this question is to assess the efficiency in the supply chain. When firms have to maintain a high level of stock, because they cannot rely on a predictable supply of inputs, this is a source of economic inefficiency. Inversely, if supplies of the main input can be relied upon to be easily available, firms will keep low levels of stock on hand.\n\nThe main input is the input that accounts for the highest value among all inputs. It is not the input for which stock is maintained the longest.  For example, if a company makes shirts, the most important input is the cloth, not the buttons and thread, though the establishment may actually keep a 90 day supply of buttons on hand and only a 30 day stock of cloth.\n\nDays of inventory should be calculated as the number of days of normal production capacity before running out of stock.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"170"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"105","type":"vald"},{"value":"314","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"26","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"28","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"120","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"180","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"300","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"365","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"314","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V110","name":"d3a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"476","var_end_pos":"478","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what % of establishment's sales were: national sales?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386, what percent of this establishment's sales were: \t\nNational sales","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Where sales are made. The purpose of this question is to determine where the establishment's customers are located.\n\nDomestic sales are when goods or services are sold inside the borders of the country.\n\nAn indirect export is when the manufacturer sells its goods to a trader or another agent who then exports the product without modifications.  Products that the manager knows are smuggled abroad should be counted as indirect exports. \n\nDirect export is the sale of goods where the immediate recipient is outside the borders of the country.\n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"379","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V111","name":"d3b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"479","var_end_pos":"481","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what % of establishment's sales were: indirect exports? 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The purpose of this question is to determine the efficiency of customs in clearing goods for export.\n\nMain point of exit is the last domestic location (e.g. port, border crossing, airport, or internal custom) from which the goods leave the country. \nWhenever different ports of exit are used this question refers to the port where \u201cmost goods\u201d exit defined in terms of consignment value (not physical units).\n\nGoods cleared customs They refer to the time it takes to obtain all clearances required from the moment the goods arrived at their point of exit until the moment they satisfy the requirements of the clearance procedures at the customs office. This includes transit procedures.  \n\nAverage number of days to clear customs. Prompt the respondent to think of all shipments sent to the main point of exit and estimate an average time it took from the time the shipments arrived to the time they left that point of exit.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"2","type":"vald"},{"value":"417","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"417","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V118","name":"fgq82","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"507","var_end_pos":"508","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"82. do you find the customs clearing procedure for exports simple?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Do you find the customs clearing procedure for exports simple?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"2","type":"vald"},{"value":"417","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"417","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V119","name":"fgq83","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"509","var_end_pos":"510","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"83. in reference to clearing your goods through customs, was an informal gift or","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In reference to clearing your goods through customs, was an informal gift or payment expected or requested?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"2","type":"vald"},{"value":"417","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-8","labl":"refused","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"417","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V120","name":"d6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"511","var_end_pos":"512","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"84. in fiscal year 1386, what percentage of the consignment value of the product","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386, what percentage of the consignment value of the products exported directly was lost while in transit because of theft?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"2","type":"vald"},{"value":"417","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no losses","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"417","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V121","name":"d7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"513","var_end_pos":"514","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"85. in fiscal year 1386, what percentage of the consignment value of the produ","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386, what percentage of the consignment value of the products exported directly was lost while in transit because of breakage or spoilage?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"30"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"2","type":"vald"},{"value":"417","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no losses","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"417","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V122","name":"d8","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"515","var_end_pos":"518","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in what year did this establishment first export directly or indirectly?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In which year did this establishment first export directly or indirectly?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"First exported directly or indirectly. The purpose of this question is self-explanatory.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2007"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"33","type":"vald"},{"value":"386","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't 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in fiscal year 1386 what percentage of the consignment value of products t","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386 what percentage of the consignment value of products this establishment shipped to supply domestic markets was lost while in transit because of theft?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"45"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"105","type":"vald"},{"value":"314","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no 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Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. 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Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. 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none","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Which banking services do you currently use?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"118","type":"vald"},{"value":"301","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"116","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"301","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V193","name":"k8","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"862","var_end_pos":"863","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"does this establishment have a line of credit or loan from a financial inst.?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At this time, does this establishment have a line of credit or a loan from a financial institution?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A line of credit is an available amount of credit that the establishment can draw upon or leave untapped. Lines of credit usually carry monthly interest rates, and are repaid quickly (as soon as the establishment's cash flow allows for repayment).  They may or may not have a defined date of expiration.\n\nA loan is generally a much less flexible form of finance. It comes in fixed amounts (rather than ranges), carry annual interest rates (either fixed or floating), and they carry a determined term to maturity (finite period for repayment).","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"394","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V194","name":"k9","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"864","var_end_pos":"865","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of financial institution that granted the line of credit or loan","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring to the most recent line of credit or loan, what type of financial institution granted this loan? \nPrivate commercial banks \t\nState-owned banks or government agency \t \t\nNon-bank financial institutions which include microfinance institutions, credit cooperatives, credit unions, or finance companies \t\t\nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Institutions that granted loan. 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Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"395","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"395","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V199","name":"k14b","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"882","var_end_pos":"883","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? equipment","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \t\nMachinery and equipment including movables","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"395","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"395","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V200","name":"k14c","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"884","var_end_pos":"885","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? accounts","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \t\nAccounts receivable and inventories","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"395","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"395","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V201","name":"k14d","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"886","var_end_pos":"887","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? personal assets","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \t\nPersonal assets of owner (house, etc.)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"395","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"395","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V202","name":"k14e","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"888","var_end_pos":"889","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"type of collateral required for the most recent loan? other","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent loan or line of credit, what type of collateral was required? \t\nOther forms of collateral not included in the categories above","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Collateral refers to property of the business or personal property of the manager or owners that is used to secure the loan in the event that the establishment defaults on its payment obligations.  Collateral only refers to real property or financial assets, not to personal guarantees by third parties.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"395","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"395","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V203","name":"k15","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"890","var_end_pos":"893","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"approx. collateral needed as % of the loan value \\ value of the line of credit","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring only to this most recent line of credit or loan, what was the approximate value of the collateral required as a percentage of the value of the loan or line of credit?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: THE ANSWER COULD BE GREATER THAN 100%","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Value of collateral - self explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"300"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"24","type":"vald"},{"value":"395","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"111","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"125","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"143","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"167","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"200","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"333","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"400","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"667","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1000","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2000","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"395","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V204","name":"k16","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"894","var_end_pos":"895","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in last fiscal yr, did establishment apply for new loans\/lines of credit?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Referring again to the last fiscal year 1386, did this establishment apply for any loans or lines of credit?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Apply for new loans in last year. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"388","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V205","name":"fgq138","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"896","var_end_pos":"897","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"138. in fiscal year 1386, how many times did this establishment apply for loan","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386, how many times did this establishment apply for loans or lines of credit?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"30"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"388","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V206","name":"fgq139","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"898","var_end_pos":"899","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"139. how many of those loan or line of credit applications were accepted?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How many of those loan or line of credit applications were accepted?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"30"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"31","type":"vald"},{"value":"388","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"388","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V207","name":"k17","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"900","var_end_pos":"901","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"main reason for not applying for new loans or new lines of credit","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What was the main reason why this establishment did not apply for any line of credit or loan in fiscal year 1386? \t\nNo need for a loan - establishment has sufficient capital\nApplication procedures for loans or lines of credit are complex\nInterest rates are not favorable\nCollateral requirements are too high\nSize of loan and maturity are insufficient\nDid not think it would be approved\nIt is prohibited in Islam","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Reasons for not applying for loan last year. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"8"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"389","type":"vald"},{"value":"30","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"no need for a loan - establishment has sufficient capital","stats":"180","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"application procedures for loans or lines of credit are c","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"interest rates are not favorable","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"collateral requirements are too high","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"size of loan and maturity are insufficient","stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"did not think it would be approved","stats":"19","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"other (including 'it is prohibited in islam')","stats":"125","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"30","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V208","name":"fgq141","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"902","var_end_pos":"903","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"141. in fiscal year 1386, was international aid to afghanistan the primary sou","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386, was international aid to Afghanistan the primary source of funding for this establishment\u2019s activity?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"370","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V209","name":"fgq142","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"904","var_end_pos":"905","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"142. how do domestic customers usually pay for this establishment\u2019s products?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How do domestic customers usually  pay for this establishment\u2019s products?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"cash","stats":"338","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"hawalah transfer","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"cheque","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"bank transfer","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"credit","stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"other","stats":"13","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V210","name":"fgq143","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"906","var_end_pos":"907","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"143. do you produce financial statements (formal balance sheets)?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Do you produce financial statements (formal balance sheets)?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"96","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"319","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V211","name":"k21","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"908","var_end_pos":"909","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"financial statements checked & certified by external auditor in last fiscal yr?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 1386, did this establishment have its annual financial statements checked and certified by an external auditor?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Certification of financial statements by external auditor. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"96","type":"vald"},{"value":"323","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"70","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"323","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V212","name":"fgq145ax","file_id":"F1","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"910","var_end_pos":"942","var_width":"33","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"145a. which insurance companies are you aware of operating in afghanistan? compa","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Which insurance companies are you aware of operating in Afghanistan?","var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"Don't know","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"None","labl":null,"stats":"353","type":"freq"},{"value":"afghan enssurence","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"afghan insurance","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"afghan natioanl insurance","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"afghan national enssurence","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"afghan national enssurence\\","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"afghan national insurance","labl":null,"stats":"31","type":"freq"},{"value":"asia inssurence","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"i dont know","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"national afghan insurance","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V213","name":"fgq145bx","file_id":"F1","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"943","var_end_pos":"966","var_width":"24","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"145b. which insurance companies are you aware of operating in afghanistan? compa","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Which insurance companies are you aware of operating in Afghanistan?","var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"Don't know","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"None","labl":null,"stats":"417","type":"freq"},{"value":"star insurance","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V214","name":"k30","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"967","var_end_pos":"968","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is: access to finance","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How big an obstacle is access to finance, which includes availability and cost, interest rates, fees and\ncollateral requirements, to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"64","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"101","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"75","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"112","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"45","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V215","name":"h7a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"969","var_end_pos":"970","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING: \nThe following questions assess how establishments, such as yours, deal with government officials\nand their agencies.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"I am going to read some statements that describe the courts system and how it could affect business. For each statement, please tell me if you Strongly disagree, Tend to disagree, Tend to agree, or Strongly agree. \t\n\"The court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted.\"","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"419","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don\u2019t know","stats":"58","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"strongly disagree","stats":"165","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"tend to disagree","stats":"140","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"tend to agree","stats":"49","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"strongly agree","stats":"7","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V216","name":"j1a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"971","var_end_pos":"972","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"148. government officials\u2019 interpretations of the laws and regulations affecting","var_qstn_qstnlit":"I am going to read some statements that describe the courts system and how it could affect business. 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