DDI_WLD_2001_GBS_v02_M Development Data Group 2013-03-01 NADA DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21) This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2001_GBS_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (March 2013) Global Barometer Survey 2001-2008 Round 1 GBS 2001-08 WLD_2001_GBS_v01_M Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University List of producers http://www.jdsurvey.net/gbs/GBSParticipants.jsp ASEP/JDS NADA Yu-tzung Chang Ms Kai-Ping Huang ASEP/JDS Other Household Survey [hh/oth] - v01 The Global Barometer Survey represents a systematic comparative survey of attitudes and values toward politics, power, reform, democracy and citizens' political actions in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Arabic region. It is based on a common module of questions contained in regional barometer surveys. Cross-national comparative surveys have been implemented in 55 political systems. In each of the 55 countries or regions, a national research team administers a country-wide face-to-face survey using standardized survey instruments to compile the required micro-level data under a common research framework and research methodology. Argentina Benin Bolivia Brazil Botswana Chile Colombia Cabo Verde Costa Rica Algeria Ecuador Ghana Guatemala Honduras Indonesia India Jordan Japan Kenya Kuwait Lebanon Sri Lanka Lesotho Morocco Madagascar Mexico Mali Mongolia Mozambique Malawi Namibia Nigeria Nicaragua Nepal Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Paraguay Senegal Singapore El Salvador Thailand Taiwan, China Tanzania Uganda Uruguay Venezuela, RB Vietnam West Bank and Gaza South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe Country-wide survey in 55 political systems -namely Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Benin, Botswana, Cape Verde, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Jordan, Palestine, Algeria, Morocco, Kuwait and Lebanon. -Individuals The survey of Algeria, Argentina, Bolivia, Botswana, Brasil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe cover both sexes, 18 and more years. The survey of Indonesia covers both sexes, 17 and more years. And the survey of Singapore covers both sexes, 21 and more years. Sample survey data [ssd] Survey topics: Economic evaluation, Trust, Feeling of security, Vote and election, Political interest and situation, Media exposure, Party, Demonstration, Democracy, Citizen power, Freedom, Corruption, Leader, Army, Gender, Education, Marital status, Religious, Income, Occupation. MORI Argentina Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy Equipos MORI Consultores Centre of Specialisation in Public Administration and Management Department of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Botswana Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics Afro-Sondagem, Praia Yanhaas CID-GALLUP MORI Chile Apoyo, Opinión y Mercado CID-GALLUP Center for Democratic Development, Accra CID-GALLUP CID-GALLUP Lembaga Survei Indonesia Central Research Services Institute for Development Studies, Nairobi Garam Research Institute Sechaba Consultants, Maseru National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) and COEF Ressources Institute for Economic and Social Research Groupe de Recherche en Economie Appliquee et Theorique Mundamericas Academy of Political Education Centre for Population Studies (CPS), Eduardo Mondlane University Research Facilitation Services, Windhoek CID-GALLUP Practical Sampling International, Lagos CID-GALLUP Equipos MORI Consultores Apoyo, Opinión y Mercado Social Weather Stations GERCOP l’ENEA, L’Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis AC Nielsen Institute of Political Science, Academia Sinica Research on Poverty Alleviation King Prajadhipok's Institute Wilsken Agencies, Ltd., Kampala Equipos MORI Consultores DOXA Institute of Human Studies Steadman Research Services, Kenya Mass Public Opinion Institute, Harare Sampling procedure for each individual country is available at http://www.jdsurvey.net/gbs/GBSTechnical.jsp Face-to-face [f2f] Algeria: Languages: Arabic (with a small number of respondents preferring French) Indonesia: (1) Questionnaire The definitive language version of the questionnaire is Bahasa Indonesia, which is a translated version from the original questionnaire in English. Then the language translation underwent cognitive pretests to make sure that the messages were conveyed accurately. (2) Pre-Testing and Finalizing the Questionnaire LSI pre-tested the questionnaire on 17 voting-age adults from different socio-economic classes in order to: - Determine the time length of the interview, - Improve the wording of the questions, if necessary, - Eliminate unnecessary questions or add new items, as the case may be, - Test question sequence and identify bases, - Correct and improve translation, - Change open-ended questions into multiple-choice questions, - Find out which items are conceptually vague, - Check accuracy and adequacy of the questionnaire instructions, - Determine whether the focus of the question is clear, and - Identify interviewer’s recording difficulties. Kuwait: Language: Arabic Lebanon: Language: Arabic Morocco: Language: Arabic Palestine: Language: Arabic Singapore: (1) Questionnaire The original language of the questionnaire was English and it was translated into Chinese and Malay by qualified translators. Back-translation was done to ensure accuracy. (2) Pre-Testing and Finalizing the Questionnaire Five interviewers were tasked with pre-testing the pilot questionnaire on 20 respondents, with a good spread of respondents in terms of gender, race and age. The pilot test served to achieve the following: - Determine the time length of the interview - Improve the wording of the questions, if necessary - Eliminate unnecessary questions or add new items, as the case may be - Test question sequence and identify bases - Correct and improve translation - Change open-ended questions into multiple-choice questions - Find out which items are conceptually vague - Check accuracy and adequacy of the questionnaire instructions - Determine whether the focus of the question is clear - Identify interviewer's recording difficulties Vietnam: (1) Questionnaire English version of questionnaire is translated into Vietnamese. The language translation goes through a cognitive pre-test before the actual pretest is undertaken. (2) Pre-Testing and Finalizing the Questionnaire IHS pre-tested the questionnaire on 100 voting-age adults from different socio-economic classes in order to: - Determine the time length of the interview - Improve the wording of the questions, if necessary - Eliminate unnecessary questions or add new items, as the case may be - Test question sequence and identify bases - Correct and improve translation - Change open-ended questions into multiple-choice questions - Find out which items are conceptually vague - Check accuracy and adequacy of the questionnaire instructions - Determine whether the focus of the question is clear - Identify interviewer's recording difficulties Indonesia: (3) Training (a) LSI had two levels of trainings. LSI conducted the first level of training in Jakarta by inviting all areas coordinators of LSI to special sessions. The aim of this training was to give the coordinators a general picture of the survey, as well as read and review the questionnaire. The second level of training took place in various provinces of Indonesia. The area coordinators who received knowledge disseminated information to surveyors in their respective areas. Particular attention was given to areas with large primary sampling units such as West Java, Central Java, and East Java and where researchers from LSI’s head office were most involved in the training. (b) Training time - The minimum training time for group supervisors and interviewers was two days prior to field implementation. The third day was the start-off, where the field supervisor observed the field interviewers during their first round of interviews. (c) Training Activities - These mainly consisted of one or two days of office training to learn the basics of the project and mock interviews among participants. The latter activity meant that field interviewers interviewed field anchors as if they were respondents in order to get accustomed to the flow of interviewing and the questionnaire format. Interviewers practiced with a supervisor until they could sufficiently conduct interviews on their own. (d) Evaluation of interviewer’s work - A field supervisor observed and evaluated all of the first interviews of each field interviewer. Only after meeting certain evaluation criteria was an interviewer left to interview on her own. The field supervisor always stayed within the vicinity of the sample spot to conduct checks, however. Fieldwork: (1) Workers on Hand For this project, LSI deployed a total of 174 field staff: Overall Field Manager = 1 Western Indonesia Field Anchors = 12 Field Interviewers = 135 Central Indonesia Field Anchors = 10 Field Interviewers = 35 Eastern Indonesia Field Anchors = 2 Field Interviewers = 4 (2) Supervision Supervisors reported to the field manager and monitored the study full-time. They observed interviewers, where at least 10% of the total interviews were observed by supervisors, conducted follow-ups, and did surprise checks on the field interviewers. They also ensured that field logistics were received promptly and administered properly. (3) Spot-checking Part of quality control was to make sure at least 30% of each interviewer’s output was spot-checked and back-checked. Once an incomplete or inconsistent answer was spotted in the questionnaire, the field interviewer went back to the respondent’s house to re-ask the question for verification. Japan: Fieldwork: The interviews were also conducted by Central Research Services interviewers. Though the interviewers were skilled at this kind of fieldwork, they were still required to participate in an orientation training session for these particular interviews. Interviews were conducted in Japanese. The mean length of the interviews was 50.3 minutes, with a range from 19 to 178 minutes (the SD was 16.2). South Korea: Fieldwork: The South Korea survey was conducted during the month of February 2003. Fieldwork was undertaken by regularly employed interviewers of the Garam Research Institute. Each interviewer participated in a one-day orientation session and completed three trial interviews. If no one was at home at a household or if the adult selected for interview was not at home, the interviewer was instructed to call back two times a day. The mean length of interviews was 60 minutes; the range was from 50 to 90 minutes. Mongolia: Fieldwork: The survey was conducted with face to face method and the respondents were above 18 years old. The number of respondents was based on the list of participants in 2000 parliament elections. Singapore: (3) Training Training was conducted for each and every interviewer involved in this project. They were made familiar with the questionnaire and mock interviews were conducted to test their understanding of the questions. All interviewers were required to present the 1st three pieces of their work for a ‘1st Check’. Only if these three pieces were totally error-free would they be allowed to proceed with the study. If there are errors in the questionnaires, they would be required to go back to the respondent and rectify the error and do another three pieces for a ‘2nd Check’. This process continues until the interviewer’s work is free of errors. (1) After each interview, the interviewer was asked to go over his own work and check for consistency. (2) Office editors conducted final consistency checks on all questionnaires prior to coding. (3) Logic checks were also put in place during data processing. Fieldwork: Sixty interviewers in total were used for this survey and they are deployed to locations all over the island. Fieldwork supervision was conducted to observe the interviewers at work so as to maintain quality of fieldwork. Vietnam: (3) Training (a) Training time - IHS staff is trained for field work.The minimum training time for group supervisors and interviewers was 4 days prior to field implementation. The third day was the start-off, where the field supervisor observed the field interviewers on their first interviews. (b) Training Activities - These mainly consisted of: One or two days office training to learn the basics of the project. Mock interviews among participants, i.e. field interviewers interviewing field anchors as respondents are done to get accustomed to the flow of interviewing and questionnaire format. Interviews were practiced with a supervisor around until the interviewer could be left on her own. (c) Evaluation of interviewer's work - All first interviews of each field interviewer were observed by her field supervisor, and then evaluated. Only after meeting a certain evaluation criteria was an interviewer left to interview on her own, although her field supervisor always stayed within the vicinity of the sample spot to conduct checks. (1) After each interview, the interviewer was asked to go over her own work and check for consistency. (2) All accomplished interview schedules were submitted to the assigned group supervisor who, in turn, edited every interview. Fieldwork: (1) Workers on Hand For this project, a total of 30 field staff were deployed: Field Manager = 1 Red River Delta Field Anchors = 2 Field Interviewers = 6 North East Field Anchors =1 Field Interviewers = 3 North West Field Anchors = 1 Field Interviewers = 2 North Central Coast Field Anchors = 1 Field Interviewers = 5 South Central Coast Field Anchors = 1 Field Interviewers = 2 Central Highlands Field Anchors =1 Field Interviewers = 3 South East Field Anchors = 1 Field Interviewers = 4 Mekong Delta Field Anchors = 1 Field Interviewers = 5 (2) Supervision Supervisors reporting to the field manager monitored the study full-time. They observed interviewers, (at least 10% of total interviewers were observed by supervisors), followed-up and did surprise checks on the field interviewers. They also ensured that field logistics were received promptly and administered properly. (3) Spot-checking Part of quality control was to make sure at least 30% of each interviewer’s output was spot-checked and back-checked. Once an incomplete or inconsistent answer was spotted in the questionnaire, the field interviewer went back to the respondent’s house to re-ask the question for verification. The date of the collection for individual countries could be found at http://www.jdsurvey.net/gbs/GBSTechnical.jsp Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe: None Cape Verde: Weighted to take account of over- or under-samples with respect to island and urban-rural distribution. Kenya: Weighted to account for over- or under-samples with respect to province and urban-rural distribution. South Korea: The sample was more or less consistent with the survey population with respect to age, gender, and region. Hence no weighting variable was constructed. Lesotho: Weighted to account for over- or under-samples with respect to district and urban-rural distribution. Madagascar: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities. Mail: Weighted to account for over- or under-samples with respect to region and urban-rural distribution. Nigeria: Weighting to account for an over- sample in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers states, and an undersample in Northwest Region. Singapore: To yield representative figures at the national level, census-based population weights are applied to the survey data. The weight projection is computed by age. Since Singapore is geographically quite small, age is more significant than area statistically as age represents the band-width of the population. Appropriate projected factors were applied so that original population proportions were reflected in the data tables using this formula. Projection factors(Weight)= Population/ No. of Interviews. The SPSS version of the datafile is already weighted according to the above projection factors. As the data are weighted, the total number of cases that appear is 2,616,457. South Africa: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities. Taiwan: (c) Goodness of Fit and Data Weighting The purpose of Chi-Square test within the SPSS Nonparametric Statistical Test is to establish that the data is consistent with the distribution among the entire population. Three sample characteristics are addressed: gender, age and education. Both age and education failed the chi-square test. This means that the data for age and education are inconsistent with the whole population. The problem is rooted in the sampling. In order to rectify the data, “Raking,” a kind of weighting method in accor dance with multiple variables, was used to render the sample’s gender, age and education data consistent with the entire population. Tanzania: Weighted to correct for over-sample in Zanzibar. Uganda: Weighted to account for over- or under-samples with respect to region and urban-rural distribution. Vietnam: To yield representative figures at the national level, census-based population weights are applied to the survey data. The weight projection is computed by dividing the projected population in the area by the sample size of the same area. Appropriate projected factors were applied so that original population proportions were reflected in the data tables using this formula. Projection factors (Weight) = Population/No. of Interviews The SPSS version of the data file is already weighted according to the above projection factors. As the data are weighted, the total number of cases that appear is 45,847. The figure is in thousands, i.e., 45,847,142 persons representing NSO's projected number of adults (18 years old and above) for year 2005 based on the 1999 Census Indonesia: (c) Data Processing (1) Office editors conducted final consistency checks on all interviews prior to coding. (2) A data entry computer program verified and checked the consistency of the encoded data before data tables were generated. Benin: Contact rate: 0.89 Cooperation rate: 0.90 Refusal rate: 0.02 Response rate: 0.80 Indonesia: Response Rate. The original sample size was 1,600 respondents. There were 1,440 successful interviews without substitution, and therefore the response rate is 90%. The number of substitutions is 160. Botswana: Contact rate: 0.91 Cooperation rate: 0.87 Refusal rate: 0.03 Response rate: 0.79 Cape Verde: Contact rate: 0.92 Cooperation rate: 0.78 Refusal rate: 0.11 Response rate: 0.72 Ghana: Contact rate: 0.98 Cooperation rate: 1.00 Refusal rate: 0.00 Response rate: 0.98 Japan: The second wave of the ABS in Japan was conducted between February and March 2007 and yielded 1,067 valid cases from a sample of 2,500 cases yielding a response rate of 42.7%. On both surveys, we used additional sub-sampling which also followed the same two-stage random sampling procedure. The response rate for Japan was lower than it has been on the EAB 2003 (the first wave of the ABS). Jordan: Response rate in Jordan’s sample was 95%. Kenya: Contact rate: 0.80 Cooperation rate: 0.75 Refusal rate: 0.07 Response rate: 0.60 South Korea: A total of 3,224 addresses were selected. At 649 addresses, there was no one at home after two callbacks so that the household residents could not be enumerated and a respondent selected. Of the 2,575 households where an individual name could be selected by the birthday method, 32 individuals were not interviewed because they were too old or infirm or absent from the household; 630 refused; and 413 were not completed because of the respondent’s impatience, for which Koreans are notorious. A total of 1,500 interviews were satisfactorily completed, registering a response rate of 58 percent. Of the completed interviews, 20 percent were randomly selected and independently validated. Lesotho: Contact rate: 0.78 Cooperation rate: 0.85 Refusal rate: 0.02 Response rate: 0.66 Madagascar: Contact rate: 0.77 Cooperation rate: 0.84 Refusal rate: 0.03 Response rate: 0.65 Malawi: Contact rate: 0.91 Cooperation rate: 0.86 Refusal rate: 0.04 Response rate: 0.78 Mozambique: Contact rate: 0.96 Cooperation rate: 0.95 Refusal rate: 0.03 Response rate: 0.91 Namibia: Contact rate: 0.85 Cooperation rate: 0.70 Refusal rate: 0.21 Response rate: 0.60 Nigeria: Contact rate: 0.77 Cooperation rate: 0.78 Refusal rate: 0.10 Response rate: 0.61 Senegal: Contact rate: 0.95 Cooperation rate: 0.90 Refusal rate: 0.07 Response rate: 0.85 Singapore: The original sample size was 1,000 respondents plus another 1,000 as reserve. There were 1,012 successful interviews with 456 cases replaced by the cases in the reserve list, and therefore the response rate is 69.52%. South Africa: Contact rate: 0.95 Cooperation rate: 0.91 Refusal rate: 0.06 Response rate: 0.87 Tanzania: Contact rate: 0.98 Cooperation rate: 0.98 Refusal rate: 0.00 Response rate: 0.96 Zambia: Contact rate: 0.86 Cooperation rate: 0.83 Refusal rate: 0.07 Response rate: 0.72 Zimbabwe: Contact rate: 0.82 Cooperation rate: 0.80 Refusal rate: 0.09 Response rate: 0.66 Argentina: Estimated Error: 3% Benin: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level Bolivia: Estimated Error: 2.8% Botswana: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Brasil: Estimated Error: 2.8% Cape Verde: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Colombia: Estimated Error: 3% Costa Rica: Estimated Error: 3.1% Chile: Estimated Error: 3% Ecuador: Estimated Error: 2.8% El Salvador: Estimated Error: 3.1% Ghana: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Guatemala: Estimated Error: 3.1% Honduras: Estimated Error: 3.1% Indonesia: Estimated Error: ± 2.5 % Sample Sizes and Error Margins. An indicator of data quality is the standard error of the estimate, on which the margin for sampling error is based. As survey statistics are mostly proportions, the key measure of data precision is the standard error of a proportion taken from a sample. It is computed as follows: ± Z vp(1-p)/n Where Z, at a 95% confidence level is 1.96, p is the sample proportion estimate, and n is the sample size. The overall sample size of 1,600 voting-age adults gives a maximum error margin of ± 2.5 % at the 95% confidence level, assuming a simple random sampling design. The sampling error is at its highest when the true proportion being estimated is close to 50%. The following approximate 95%-confidence margins for sampling error should be made when aggregating data at various levels: Sample Size Error Margin The original1,600±2.5% Actual with substitution 1,600±2.5% Actual without substitution 1,440±2.7% However, somewhat higher error margins should be expected since multi-stage cluster sampling was used; this design-effect is not readily measurable through established statistical software. Kenya: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Lesotho: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Madagascar: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Malawi: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Mozambique: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Namibia: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Nicaragua: Estimated Error: 3.1% Nigeria: Estimated Error: +/- 2% with 95% confidence level. Panama: Estimated Error: 3.1% Paraguay: Estimated Error: 4% Peru: Estimated Error: 2.8% Senegal: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. South Africa: Estimated Error: +/- 2% with 95% confidence level. Tanzania: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Uganda: Estimated Error: +/- 2% with 95% confidence level. Uruguay: Estimated Error: 2.8% Venezuela: Estimated Error: 3% Vietnam: Estimated Error: ± 2.83 % Vietnam: Sample Sizes and Error Margins. An indicator of data quality is the standard error of the estimate, on which the margin for sampling error is based. As survey statistics are mostly proportions, the key measure of data precision is the standard error of a proportion taken from a sample. It is computed as follows: ± Z vp(1-p)/n Where Z, at 95% confidence level is 1.96; p is the sample proportion estimate and n is the sample size. The overall sample size of 1,200 voting-age adults gives a maximum error margin of ± 2.83 % at the 95% confidence level, assuming a simple random sampling design. The sampling error is at its highest when the true proportion being estimated is close to 50%. The following approximate 95%-confidence margins for sampling error should be made when aggregating data at various levels: Sample Size Error margin Vietnamese 1200+3% Red River Delta 234+6% North East 234+6% North West 36+6% North Central Coast 156+6% South Central Coast 102+6% Central Highlands 78+6% South East168+6% Mekong Delta 252+6% However, somewhat higher error margins should be expected since multi-stage cluster sampling was used; this design-effect is not readily measurable through established statistical software. Estimated Error: ± 2.83 % Zambia: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Zimbabwe: Estimated Error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. ASEP/JDS Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the Identification of the Primary Investigator - the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation) - the survey reference number - the source and date of download Example: Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University. Global Barometer Survey (GBS) 2001-2008, Ref. WLD_2001_GBS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date]. Dataset is available to download from external repository at http://www.jdsurvey.net/gbs/GBSData.jsp The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. gbs round 1 jun_2009 82017 83 country country country country country 82017 101 japan 102 hong kong 103 korea 104 mainland china 105 mongolia 106 philippines 107 taiwan 108 thailand 109 indonesia 110 singapore 111 vietnam 112 cambodia 201 argentina 202 bolivia 203 brazil 204 colombia 205 costa rica 206 chile 207 ecuador 208 el salvador 209 guatemala 210 honduras 211 mexico 212 nicaragua 213 panama 214 paraguay 215 peru 216 uruguay 217 venezuela 301 benin 302 botswana 303 cape verde 304 ghana 305 kenya 306 lesotho 307 madagascar 308 malawi 309 mali 310 mozambique 311 namibia 312 nigeria 313 senegal 314 south africa 315 tanzania 316 uganda 317 zambia 318 zimbabwe 401 bangladesh 402 india 403 nepal 404 pakistan 405 sri lanka 501 jordan 502 palestine 503 algeria 504 morocco 505 kuwait 506 lebanon current country economic evaluation current country economic evaluation current country economic evaluation current country economic evaluation current country economic evaluation 71138 10879 -1 missing 1 very bad 2 bad 3 so so (not good nor bad) 4 good 5 very good 7 could not understand 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss past country economic evaluation past country economic evaluation past country economic evaluation past country economic evaluation past country economic evaluation 64198 17819 -1 missing 1 very bad 2 bad 3 so so (not good nor bad) 4 good 5 very good 7 could not understand 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss future country economic evaluation future country economic evaluation future country economic evaluation future country economic evaluation future country economic evaluation 71138 10879 -1 missing 1 much worse 2 a little worse 3 about the same 4 a little better 5 much better 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss current personal economic evaluation current personal economic evaluation current personal economic evaluation current personal economic evaluation current personal economic evaluation 71138 10879 -1 missing 1 very bad 2 bad 3 so so (not good nor bad) 4 good 5 very good 7 not clear 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss past personal economic evaluation past personal economic evaluation past personal economic evaluation past personal economic evaluation past personal economic evaluation 64198 17819 -1 missing 1 much worse now 2 a little worse now 3 about the same 4 a little better now 5 much better now 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss future personal economic evaluation future personal economic evaluation future personal economic evaluation future personal economic evaluation future personal economic evaluation 64197 17820 -1 missing 1 much worse 2 a little worse 3 about the same 4 a little better 5 much better 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in prime minister or president trust in prime minister or president trust in prime minister or president trust in prime minister or president trust in prime minister or president 62607 19410 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in the courts trust in the courts trust in the courts trust in the courts trust in the courts 82017 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer trust in the national government trust in the national government trust in the national government trust in the national government trust in the national government 49680 32337 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in political parties trust in political parties trust in political parties trust in political parties trust in political parties 82017 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer trust in parliament trust in parliament trust in parliament trust in parliament trust in parliament 82016 1 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in the military trust in the military trust in the military trust in the military trust in the military 75077 6940 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in the police trust in the police trust in the police trust in the police trust in the police 82016 1 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in local government trust in local government trust in local government trust in local government trust in local government 56439 25578 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in newspaper trust in newspaper trust in newspaper trust in newspaper trust in newspaper 55668 26349 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in television trust in television trust in television trust in television trust in television 55668 26349 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust in the election commission trust in the election commission trust in the election commission trust in the election commission trust in the election commission 55227 26790 -1 missing not applicable 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss participation in voluntary organizations participation in voluntary organizations participation in voluntary organizations participation in voluntary organizations participation in voluntary organizations 52500 29517 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 7 not clear 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss interpersonal trust interpersonal trust interpersonal trust interpersonal trust interpersonal trust 61558 20459 -1 missing 1 you must be very careful in dealing with people 2 most people can be trusted 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust relatives trust relatives trust relatives trust relatives trust relatives 54619 27398 -1 missing 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss trust neighbors trust neighbors trust neighbors trust neighbors trust neighbors 54620 27397 -1 missing 1 none at all 2 not very much trust 3 quite a lot of trust 4 a great deal of trust 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss feeling of security(present) feeling of security(present) feeling of security(present) feeling of security(present) feeling of security(present) 29451 52566 1 very safe 2 safe 3 unsafe 4 very unsafe 7 could not understand 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss feeling of security(present vs. past) feeling of security(present vs. past) feeling of security(present vs. past) feeling of security(present vs. past) feeling of security(present vs. past) 29451 52566 not applicable 1 more safe 2 less safe 3 same as before 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss victim of a crime victim of a crime victim of a crime victim of a crime victim of a crime 52394 29623 -1 missing not applicable 1 no 2 yes 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss vote in the last elections vote in the last elections vote in the last elections vote in the last elections vote in the last elections 63319 18698 -1 missing not applicable 1 no 2 yes 7 not clear 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss fair and free elections fair and free elections fair and free elections fair and free elections fair and free elections 63365 18652 -1 missing not applicable 1 completely free and fair 2 free and fair, but with minor problems 3 free and fair, with major problems 4 not free or fair 7 do not understand questions 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss present political situation present political situation present political situation present political situation present political situation 37210 44807 1 very good 2 good 3 average 4 bad 5 very bad 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss political interests political interests political interests political interests political interests 62607 19410 -1 missing 1 not at all interested 2 not very interested 3 somewhat interested 4 very interested 7 not clear 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss media exposure(tv) media exposure(tv) media exposure(tv) media exposure(tv) media exposure(tv) 63444 18573 -1 missing 1 daily 2 frequently 3 occasionally 4 rarely/never 8 don't know 9 no answer Sysmiss media exposure(newspaper) media exposure(newspaper) media exposure(newspaper) media exposure(newspaper) media exposure(newspaper) 63444 18573 -1 missing 1 daily 2 frequently 3 occasionally 4 rarely/never 8 don't know 9 no answer Sysmiss media exposure(radio) media exposure(radio) media exposure(radio) media exposure(radio) media exposure(radio) 63444 18573 -1 missing 1 daily 2 frequently 3 occasionally 4 rarely/never 8 don't know 9 no answer Sysmiss discuss /talk politics discuss /talk politics discuss /talk politics discuss /talk politics discuss /talk politics 75076 6941 -1 missing 1 frequently 2 occasionally 3 never 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss closer political party(excluded south asia) closer political party(excluded south asia) closer political party(excluded south asia) closer political party(excluded south asia) closer political party(excluded south asia) 54349 27668 -1 missing 1 do not feel close to any political party 2 just a little close 3 somewhat close 4 very close 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss closer political party(included south asia) closer political party(included south asia) closer political party(included south asia) closer political party(included south asia) closer political party(included south asia) 73758 8259 -1 missing 1 no 2 yes 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss internet internet internet internet internet 37210 44807 not aware of internet 1 almost daily 2 at least once a week 3 at least once a month 4 several times a year 5 occasionally 6 hardly ever 7 never 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer 10 do not understand the question Sysmiss contacted government official(excluded arab) contacted government official(excluded arab) contacted government official(excluded arab) contacted government official(excluded arab) contacted government official(excluded arab) 44511 37506 -1 missing not applicable 1 once 2 more than once 3 never 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(excluded contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(excluded contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(excluded contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(excluded contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(excluded 35981 46036 -1 missing not applicable 1 once 2 more than once 3 never 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(excluded arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(excluded arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(excluded arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(excluded arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(excluded arab) 34768 47249 -1 missing not applicable 1 once 2 more than once 3 never 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss contacted government official(included arab) contacted government official(included arab) contacted government official(included arab) contacted government official(included arab) contacted government official(included arab) 51451 30566 -1 missing not applicable 1 yes 2 no 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(included contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(included contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(included contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(included contacted elected officials or legislative representatives at any level(included 42921 39096 -1 missing not applicable 1 yes 2 no 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(included arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(included arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(included arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(included arab) contacted traditional leaders/community leaders(included arab) 41708 40309 -1 missing not applicable 1 yes 2 no 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss take part in demonstrations or protests take part in demonstrations or protests take part in demonstrations or protests take part in demonstrations or protests take part in demonstrations or protests 82016 1 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 7 not clear 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss meaning of democracy(1st response) meaning of democracy(1st response) meaning of democracy(1st response) meaning of democracy(1st response) meaning of democracy(1st response) 55363 26654 -1 missing 96 others 97 no substance in answer 98 don't know 99 no response 100 interpreting democracy in generic (populist) terms 110 popular sovereignty 111 government of the people 120 government by the people 121 people as their own master 122 power of the people 130 government for the people 131 putting people's interest first 132 care for people 133 responsive to people's need 134 governing in the interest of general welfare 140 absence of non-democratic arrangements 141 no dictator 142 no repression 200 interpreting a democracy in terms of some key elements of li 201 limited government 202 freedom and civil liberty 203 freedom in general 210 freedom of speech/press/expression 211 freedom of association 212 political liberty 213 protection of individual/human rights 214 freedom from government repression 215 freedom of participation 216 freedom of belief (and religion) 217 freedom of individual choice 218 freedom of information 220 political equality 221 one man one vote 222 equality before the law/justice 223 non discrimination 230 democratic institutions and process 231 election, popular vote or electoral choice 232 electing leaders with integrity and capacity 233 parliament 234 separation of power or check-and-balance 235 competitive party system 236 power rotation 237 rule of law 238 independent judicial 239 majority rule 240 respect for minority rights 241 political accountability 242 representative government 243 federalism 244 republic 250 participation and citizen empowerment 251 ability to select or change government 252 voting 253 direct participation 254 demonstration 255 voice one's concern 256 plebiscite (referendum) 260 social pluralism and civil society 261 open society 262 pluralist society 263 responsible media 300 interpreting democracy in terms of social and economic syste 310 free economy 311 free market 312 private properties/ownership 313 free and fair competition 314 personal economic opportunities 315 no central planning 316 low tax 317 privatization 318 small government 320 equality, justice or fraternity 321 social equality 322 social justice 323 fraternity 324 equality of opportunities 325 social rights or social entitlements 326 welfare state 327 socialism 328 worker participation 329 gender equality 330 socio-economic performance 331 solve unemployment 332 find anyone a job 333 providing social welfare (or social safety net) 334 taking good care of the weak 335 taking care of people's economic well-being(basic needs, suc 336 provision of happy and prosperous life 337 improvement of people's welfare 338 stable economy (economic stability) 339 small income gap (small gap between the rich and the poor) 340 economic development 400 interpreting democracy in terms of good government 410 good governance 411 honest government 412 responsible (or rational) government 413 openness or transparent government 414 responsive government (listening to people, respecting publi 415 fair treatment 416 efficiency or can-do (can deliver) 417 no waste 418 no corruption 419 law-biding government (rule by law) 420 social stability 421 law and order 430 reform in general 431 political reform 432 economic reform 440 leadership 441 public-spirited (selfish-less) leaders 442 visionary (long-term oriented) leaders 443 ability to make necessary (and sometimes unpopular) decision 444 political elite should decide for the mass 445 government leaders should lead the people 446 more younger leaders to replace the old faces 447 development of elite 448 competent leadership 500 interpreting democracy in term of individual behaviors 510 democratic style 511 communication 512 compromise 513 rational 514 tolerance 515 taking into account all parties concerned 516 freedom within legal limits 517 respect for others' rights 518 no extremism 519 follow principles 520 duties 521 citizen duties 522 action within the limits of law 523 law-binding 530 individualism 531 respect for individual privacy 532 independence 533 self-reliance 534 having one's own views 535 self-responsibility 536 responsibility for one's own action/decision 537 fight for one's own interests 538 self dignity (self-esteem) 540 trust 600 interpreting democracy in other broad and abstract terms 610 political system 611 governmental institution 612 decentralization (local self-government) 620 nationalism and statism 621 better country 622 wealthy state 623 national independence 624 individual less important than nation 625 putting national interest above partisan interests 626 national security 630 stable and cohesive society 631 good society 632 patriotism 633 solidarity 634 harmony 635 no chaos, anarchy or disorder 636 collective (group) interest is more important than individua 640 other lofty elements 641 world peace 642 the commonwealth of the world 650 ethnicity 651 political indiginization (the native rule) 652 ethnic cleavage (or tension) 700 conditions or prerequisites for democracy 710 gradualism 711 incremental 712 it takes time 713 no radicalism 720 prerequisites 721 democratic aptitude of citizens 722 citizen's sophistication 723 economic condition 724 level of education 725 fit our country's own conditions 800 evaluation of democracy or democratic regime 810 positive appraisal of democracy in general 811 the best or the better 812 progressive 813 universal acceptance 814 global trend 820 negative appraisal of democracy in general 821 corrupt 822 inefficient 823 unstable, chaotic, anarchy 824 conflict 825 lead to injustice 826 obstruct economic development 827 place too much on individual interests 828 the worst system 829 does not exist 830 we cannot have democracy 831 government ignore people!|s need 832 manipulation by politicians 833 loss of freedom 834 serve government's interest 835 the rich and the powerful dominate 836 too much freedom 837 poverty is growing 840 positive appraisal of one's own country's democracy 850 negative appraisal of one's own country's democracy 900 reference or cognitive association 910 country reference 911 like united states, united kingdom, japan, etc. 912 not like north korea, etc 920 political figures (e.g., sun yet-sun, lee teng-hui, abraham 921 political parties or groups (e.g., dpp, kmt, etc) 922 other associations (state, politics, society) Sysmiss meaning of democracy(2nd response) meaning of democracy(2nd response) meaning of democracy(2nd response) meaning of democracy(2nd response) meaning of democracy(2nd response) 55243 26774 -1 missing 96 others 97 no substance in answer 98 don't know 99 no response 100 interpreting democracy in generic (populist) terms 110 popular sovereignty 111 government of the people 120 government by the people 121 people as their own master 122 power of the people 130 government for the people 131 putting people's interest first 132 care for people 133 responsive to people's need 134 governing in the interest of general welfare 140 absence of non-democratic arrangements 141 no dictator 142 no repression 200 interpreting a democracy in terms of some key elements of li 201 limited government 202 freedom and civil liberty 203 freedom in general 210 freedom of speech/press/expression 211 freedom of association 212 political liberty 213 protection of individual/human rights 214 freedom from government repression 215 freedom of participation 216 freedom of belief (and religion) 217 freedom of individual choice 218 freedom of information 220 political equality 221 one man one vote 222 equality before the law/justice 223 non discrimination 230 democratic institutions and process 231 election, popular vote or electoral choice 232 electing leaders with integrity and capacity 233 parliament 234 separation of power or check-and-balance 235 competitive party system 236 power rotation 237 rule of law 238 independent judicial 239 majority rule 240 respect for minority rights 241 political accountability 242 representative government 243 federalism 244 republic 250 participation and citizen empowerment 251 ability to select or change government 252 voting 253 direct participation 254 demonstration 255 voice one's concern 256 plebiscite (referendum) 260 social pluralism and civil society 261 open society 262 pluralist society 263 responsible media 300 interpreting democracy in terms of social and economic syste 310 free economy 311 free market 312 private properties/ownership 313 free and fair competition 314 personal economic opportunities 315 no central planning 316 low tax 317 privatization 318 small government 320 equality, justice or fraternity 321 social equality 322 social justice 323 fraternity 324 equality of opportunities 325 social rights or social entitlements 326 welfare state 327 socialism 328 worker participation 329 gender equality 330 socio-economic performance 331 solve unemployment 332 find anyone a job 333 providing social welfare (or social safety net) 334 taking good care of the weak 335 taking care of people's economic well-being(basic needs, suc 336 provision of happy and prosperous life 337 improvement of people's welfare 338 stable economy (economic stability) 339 small income gap (small gap between the rich and the poor) 340 economic development 400 interpreting democracy in terms of good government 410 good governance 411 honest government 412 responsible (or rational) government 413 openness or transparent government 414 responsive government (listening to people, respecting publi 415 fair treatment 416 efficiency or can-do (can deliver) 417 no waste 418 no corruption 419 law-biding government (rule by law) 420 social stability 421 law and order 430 reform in general 431 political reform 432 economic reform 440 leadership 441 public-spirited (selfish-less) leaders 442 visionary (long-term oriented) leaders 443 ability to make necessary (and sometimes unpopular) decision 444 political elite should decide for the mass 445 government leaders should lead the people 446 more younger leaders to replace the old faces 447 development of elite 448 competent leadership 500 interpreting democracy in term of individual behaviors 510 democratic style 511 communication 512 compromise 513 rational 514 tolerance 515 taking into account all parties concerned 516 freedom within legal limits 517 respect for others' rights 518 no extremism 519 follow principles 520 duties 521 citizen duties 522 action within the limits of law 523 law-binding 530 individualism 531 respect for individual privacy 532 independence 533 self-reliance 534 having one's own views 535 self-responsibility 536 responsibility for one's own action/decision 537 fight for one's own interests 538 self dignity (self-esteem) 540 trust 600 interpreting democracy in other broad and abstract terms 610 political system 611 governmental institution 612 decentralization (local self-government) 620 nationalism and statism 621 better country 622 wealthy state 623 national independence 624 individual less important than nation 625 putting national interest above partisan interests 626 national security 630 stable and cohesive society 631 good society 632 patriotism 633 solidarity 634 harmony 635 no chaos, anarchy or disorder 636 collective (group) interest is more important than individua 640 other lofty elements 641 world peace 642 the commonwealth of the world 650 ethnicity 651 political indiginization (the native rule) 652 ethnic cleavage (or tension) 700 conditions or prerequisites for democracy 710 gradualism 711 incremental 712 it takes time 713 no radicalism 720 prerequisites 721 democratic aptitude of citizens 722 citizen's sophistication 723 economic condition 724 level of education 725 fit our country's own conditions 800 evaluation of democracy or democratic regime 810 positive appraisal of democracy in general 811 the best or the better 812 progressive 813 universal acceptance 814 global trend 820 negative appraisal of democracy in general 821 corrupt 822 inefficient 823 unstable, chaotic, anarchy 824 conflict 825 lead to injustice 826 obstruct economic development 827 place too much on individual interests 828 the worst system 829 does not exist 830 we cannot have democracy 831 government ignore people!|s need 832 manipulation by politicians 833 loss of freedom 834 serve government's interest 835 the rich and the powerful dominate 836 too much freedom 837 poverty is growing 840 positive appraisal of one's own country's democracy 850 negative appraisal of one's own country's democracy 900 reference or cognitive association 910 country reference 911 like united states, united kingdom, japan, etc. 912 not like north korea, etc 920 political figures (e.g., sun yet-sun, lee teng-hui, abraham 921 political parties or groups (e.g., dpp, kmt, etc) 922 other associations (state, politics, society) Sysmiss characteristic of democracy characteristic of democracy characteristic of democracy characteristic of democracy characteristic of democracy 37979 44038 -4 1 opportunity to change the government through elections 2 freedom to criticize those in power 3 a small income gap between rich and poor 4 basic necessities like food, clothes and shelter etc. 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer 10 others Sysmiss satisfaction with democracy satisfaction with democracy satisfaction with democracy satisfaction with democracy satisfaction with democracy 75074 6943 -1 missing 1 not at all satisfied 2 not very satisfied 3 fairly satisfied 4 very satisfied 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss suitable for democracy suitable for democracy suitable for democracy suitable for democracy suitable for democracy 37979 44038 1 not at all suitable 2 not suitable 3 suitable 4 very suitable 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss the first most important problem the first most important problem the first most important problem the first most important problem the first most important problem 61396 20621 -1 missing 100 economics 110 management of the economy, economic development 120 wages, incomes and salaries (or income gap) , pension 130 unemployment 140 poverty and destitution 150 rates and taxes 160 loans, credit, debt 170 land privatization 180 inflation 190 international trade, globalization 191 basic necessities (price of rice, fuel, spicy. etc) 200 food / agriculture / environment 210 farming/ agriculture/ fishing/ animal husbandry 220 food shortage/famine 230 natural disaster (drought, flood, earthquake, hurricane, etc 240 land 250 environment 260 natural resources 300 infrastructure 310 transportation 320 communications 330 infrastructure / roads 400 government services 410 education, educational fee 420 science and technology 430 housing 440 electricity 450 water supply 460 orphans/street children/homeless children 470 social security, social welfare 480 services (other) 500 health 510 health (medical care) 520 aids (and other transmissible diseases) 530 sickness / disease 540 public health, hygiene 550 food and drug safety 600 governance 610 crime and security 620 corruption 630 political violence 640 political instability/political divisions/ ethnic tensions 650 discrimination/ inequality 660 gender issues/women's rights, children's rights 670 democracy/political rights, protection of rights 680 malfunction of political institutions 690 government efficiency 691 constitution 692 budget deficit 693 judiciary 694 administrative procedure 695 public service independence from politics 700 general social and political conditions 710 immigration 720 social anomaly (suicide, divorce, moral breakdown) 730 aging population, fewer children 740 growth of population 750 cultural problems under social change 760 war (international) 770 civil war 780 external relations (foreign relations) 790 terrorism 791 national defense 800 country-specific problems 990 nothing/ no problems 991 no further reply 995 other issues 996 unclassifiable, inconceivable 998 can't choose 999 decline to answer Sysmiss the second most important problem the second most important problem the second most important problem the second most important problem the second most important problem 42501 39516 -1 missing 100 economics 110 management of the economy, economic development 120 wages, incomes and salaries (or income gap) , pension 130 unemployment 140 poverty and destitution 150 rates and taxes 160 loans, credit, debt 170 land privatization 180 inflation 190 international trade, globalization 191 basic necessities (price of rice, fuel, spicy. etc) 200 food / agriculture / environment 210 farming/ agriculture/ fishing/ animal husbandry 220 food shortage/famine 230 natural disaster (drought, flood, earthquake, hurricane, etc 240 land 250 environment 260 natural resources 300 infrastructure 310 transportation 320 communications 330 infrastructure / roads 400 government services 410 education, educational fee 420 science and technology 430 housing 440 electricity 450 water supply 460 orphans/street children/homeless children 470 social security, social welfare 480 services (other) 500 health 510 health (medical care) 520 aids (and other transmissible diseases) 530 sickness / disease 540 public health, hygiene 550 food and drug safety 600 governance 610 crime and security 620 corruption 630 political violence 640 political instability/political divisions/ ethnic tensions 650 discrimination/ inequality 660 gender issues/women's rights, children's rights 670 democracy/political rights, protection of rights 680 malfunction of political institutions 690 government efficiency 691 constitution 692 budget deficit 693 judiciary 694 administrative procedure 695 public service independence from politics 700 general social and political conditions 710 immigration 720 social anomaly (suicide, divorce, moral breakdown) 730 aging population, fewer children 740 growth of population 750 cultural problems under social change 760 war (international) 770 civil war 780 external relations (foreign relations) 790 terrorism 791 national defense 800 country-specific problems 990 nothing/ no problems 991 no further reply 995 other issues 996 unclassifiable, inconceivable 998 can't choose 999 decline to answer Sysmiss government solve mip government solve mip government solve mip government solve mip government solve mip 42493 39524 -1 missing not applicable 1 very likely 2 likely 3 not very likely 4 not at all likely 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(e citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(e citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(e citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(e citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(e 63376 18641 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(i citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(i citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(i citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(i citizen's power(people have the power to change a government they don!|t like)(i 82014 3 -1 missing 1 agree 2 disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss fair judgment(our current courts always punish the guilty even if they are high- fair judgment(our current courts always punish the guilty even if they are high- fair judgment(our current courts always punish the guilty even if they are high- fair judgment(our current courts always punish the guilty even if they are high- fair judgment(our current courts always punish the guilty even if they are high- 62606 19411 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss equality equality equality equality equality 75074 6943 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss freedom of expression freedom of expression freedom of expression freedom of expression freedom of expression 82014 3 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss freedom of association freedom of association freedom of association freedom of association freedom of association 43967 38050 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss corruption corruption corruption corruption corruption 43831 38186 -1 missing 1 almost everyone is corrupt 2 most officials are corrupt 3 not a lot of officials are corrupt 4 hardly anyone is involved 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss reduce corruption reduce corruption reduce corruption reduce corruption reduce corruption 37210 44807 it is doing this quite effectively 1 it is doing its best 2 it is doing something 3 it is no doing much 4 doing nothing 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss support for democracy(excluded arab) support for democracy(excluded arab) support for democracy(excluded arab) support for democracy(excluded arab) support for democracy(excluded arab) 75074 6943 -1 missing 1 for people like me, doesn't matter 2 sometimes non-democratic preferable 3 democracy preferable 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss support for democracy(included arab) support for democracy(included arab) support for democracy(included arab) support for democracy(included arab) support for democracy(included arab) 82014 3 -1 missing 1 no 2 yes 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss strong leader strong leader strong leader strong leader strong leader 82016 1 -1 missing 1 strongly approve 2 approve 3 disapprove 4 strongly disapprove 5 neither approve nor disapprove 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss army should come in to govern army should come in to govern army should come in to govern army should come in to govern army should come in to govern 56438 25579 -1 missing 1 strongly approve 2 approve 3 disapprove 4 strongly disapprove 5 neither approve nor disapprove 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss politics is so complicated politics is so complicated politics is so complicated politics is so complicated politics is so complicated 43969 38048 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 5 neither agree nor disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(excluded south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(excluded south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(excluded south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(excluded south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(excluded south asi 43968 38049 -1 missing 1 strongly agree 2 somewhat agree 3 somewhat disagree 4 strongly disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(included south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(included south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(included south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(included south asi prevent the gap between poor and rich from growing any larger(included south asi 52498 29519 -1 missing 1 agree 2 disagree 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss proud to be [country] proud to be [country] proud to be [country] proud to be [country] proud to be [country] 56617 25400 1 very proud 2 somewhat proud 3 not very proud 4 not proud at all 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss gender gender gender gender gender 82013 4 1 male 2 female 9 decline to answer Sysmiss age(excluded morocco) age(excluded morocco) age(excluded morocco) age(excluded morocco) age(excluded morocco) 80727 1290 -1 missing 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 98 99 100 101 102 115 120 130 997 not clear 998 don't know 999 decline to answer Sysmiss age group(included morocco) age group(included morocco) age group(included morocco) age group(included morocco) age group(included morocco) 82010 7 -1 missing 1 18-24 2 25-34 3 35-44 4 45-54 5 55-64 6 65-74 7 75 and older 997 not clear 998 don't know 999 decline to answer Sysmiss marital status marital status marital status marital status marital status 56617 25400 1 single 2 married 3 other 9 decline to answer Sysmiss education education education education education 82011 6 -1 missing 1 illiterate 2 inc.primary 3 comp.primary 4 inc.secondary 5 compl.secondary 6 inc.high 7 comp.high 8 other 9 decline to answer Sysmiss religiosity religiosity religiosity religiosity religiosity 42252 39765 -1 missing 1 more than once a week 2 once a week 3 sometimes 4 several times a month 5 once a month 6 only during festivals (or several times a year) 7 less often (once a year) 8 less often 9 never(rarely) 97 not clear 98 can't choose 99 decline to answer Sysmiss religious religious religious religious religious 37136 44881 1 religious 2 not religious 3 in between 6 not applicable 7 don't understand 8 don't know(can't choose) 9 decline to answer Sysmiss subjective income subjective income subjective income subjective income subjective income 49672 32345 not applicable 1 covers the needs well, we can save 2 covers the needs all right, without much difficulty 3 does not cover the needs, there are difficulties 4 does not cover the needs, there are great difficulties 7 do not understand the question 8 can't choose 9 decline to answer Sysmiss car/jeep/van car/jeep/van car/jeep/van car/jeep/van car/jeep/van 69474 12543 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss television television television television television 68462 13555 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss motorcycle motorcycle motorcycle motorcycle motorcycle 49824 32193 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss telephone telephone telephone telephone telephone 43065 38952 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss bicycle bicycle bicycle bicycle bicycle 49824 32193 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss radio radio radio radio radio 49824 32193 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss fridge fridge fridge fridge fridge 43065 38952 -1 missing 1 yes 2 no 8 don't know 9 decline to answer Sysmiss main occupation main occupation main occupation main occupation main occupation 81381 636 -1 missing 1 hired workers (excluding unpaid family workers) 2 employers and self-employed 3 purely property owner 4 unpaid family workers 5 presently unemployed but looking for work 6 presently unemployed and not looking for work 7 never worked before 8 don't know 9 decline to answer 10 others 80 respondent is also the chief wage earner Sysmiss