{"type":"survey","doc_desc":{"title":"Enterprise Survey 2007","idno":"DDI_ALB_2007_ES_v01_M_WB","producers":[{"name":"Antonina Redko","abbreviation":"","affiliation":"","role":""}],"version_statement":{"version":"v01"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"ALB_2007_ES_v01_M_WB","title":"Enterprise Survey 2007","alt_title":"ES 2007"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliation":""}],"production_statement":{"funding_agencies":[{"name":"World Bank","abbreviation":"","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"","affiliation":"","email":"enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org ","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Enterprise\/Establishment Survey [en\/oth]","series_info":"An Enterprise Survey is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. Enterprise Surveys have been conducted every three to four years in developing countries around the world. Data are used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries."},"study_info":{"abstract":"The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. \n\nThe standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country\u2019s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents\u2019 opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2007-12","end":"2008-03","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Albania","abbreviation":"ALB"}],"geog_coverage":"National","geog_unit":"Regions covered are selected based on the number of establishments, contribution to employment, and value added. In most cases these regions are metropolitan areas and reflect the largest centers of economic activity in a country.","analysis_unit":"The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided.  A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.","universe":"The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponds to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Services firms include construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government\/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"IDRA Research & Consulting","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""}],"sampling_procedure":"The study was conducted using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.\n\nIndustry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into one manufacturing sector (including several industries), one services industry - retail, and one residual sector. \n\n304 interviews were completed in total, out of an original target of 360 interviews. The main constraint to reach the target interviews was the universe size and composition, which proved to be smaller than originally expected. Particularly, firms with more than five employees in the Services sector were scarce. Firms from sector 51 (Wholesale) were issued to compensate the shortfall in the Services sector 52 (Retail). The majority of the relevant information, including the accounting data was obtained and entered into the data base. The Productivity section had a high non-response rate on average, reaching between 20 - 25%, depending on the questionnaire. Even if call backs were done to complete the section, the response rate could not be improved by much. \n\nSize stratification was defined following the standardized definition used for the Enterprise Surveys: micro (1 to 4 employees), small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. \n\nRegional stratification was defined in terms of the geographic regions with the largest commercial presence in the country: Tirana, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Vlora were the four metropolitan areas selected in Albania. \n\nIt was not possible to obtain a usable frame for Albania. Therefore, the design returned to first principles, using a blocks enumeration methodology. Detailed maps of major cities were obtained. These were from aerial mappings projected to a usable scale. They served as the basis of a multi-stage approach. Firstly each city (region) was divided into \"blocks\" and then the blocks were classified into strata defined by the predominant spatial use, using local knowledge. The classifications used for the blocks included industrial, commercial, commercial\/residential (mixed), and residential coding. The accuracy of the classification was tested using 30 pilot blocks. That test proved successful. Subsequently another 328 blocks were selected and enumerated; building by building, floor by floor. Each separate unit was identified, classified as to use and in the case of business establishments further details collected as to employee numbers, activity, name, and phone number. This enumeration of a total of 358 blocks was then employed to project to universe totals by reference to the screening results and the number of blocks in each stratum. The establishments enumerated in those blocks were then used as the frame for the selection of a sample with the aim of obtaining interviews at 360 establishments with five or more employees. In addition the World Bank requested interviews at 120 small manufacturing establishments with less than five employees, to be delivered separately as an additional survey. That target was subsequently reduced to 80 as only some 180 small manufacturing establishments had been enumerated. Disproportionate methods were used to reduce the variance of estimates. \n\nThe quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 6.8% (29 out of 425 establishments). \n\nSample selection was carried out by the TNS team in London using the data obtained from the block enumeration. The selections for Albania were augmented by additional selections from enterprises interviewed during the BEEPS survey in 2005 and a \"Large Taxpayers\" database obtained by the local agency. To reduce non-response bias the samples was drawn in matched replicates so that each sampled establishment had at least one matched substitute (where sample available) in the event of non-contact or refusal.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"The current survey instruments are available:\n- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] \n- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] \n- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] \n- Screener Questionnaire \n\nThe \u201cCore Questionnaire\u201d is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the \u201cCore Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module\u201d and the \u201cCore Questionnaire + Retail Module.\u201d The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth. \n\nThe standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs\/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country\u2019s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents\u2019 opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.","coll_situation":"Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization\/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.\n\nThe surveys were implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a screener questionnaire was applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview took place with the Manager\/Owner\/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent called company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.\n\nAll Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.\n\nComplete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in the document \"Description of Albania Implementation\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder.","act_min":"Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in the document \"Description of Albania Implementation\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder.","weight":"As the sample frame was built based on the blocks enumeration methodology, only one set of weights for each cell was computed using the strict establishment eligibility. Under the strict assumption, eligible establishments are only those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility. \n\nA pair of weight sets was calculated. The first set of estimates calculated proportions using the raw sample count for each cell. However, the achieved sample numbers in many cells were small. Hence, those eligibility rates, and the adjusted universe cells projections, are subject to relatively large sampling variations. Therefore a second set of more robust estimates (collapsed weights) was also produced. These estimates made use of the multiples of the relative eligibility rates for each industry, size, and region. Those relative rates were based on much larger samples than the individual cells and thus produced values with smaller sampling variations. The data sets include only these robust weights.","cleaning_operations":"Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in the document \"Description of Albania Implementation\" in \"Technical Documents\" folder."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Where necessary please site the source as \"Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\"","conditions":"Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org \nFirm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the firm-level data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on \"External users register here\" at https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/Portal","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}},"data_files":[{"file_id":"F3","file_name":"Albania-2007--full data-5","description":"The file contains the cleaned, raw database.","case_count":"304","var_count":"299","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null}],"variables":[{"vid":"V560","name":"idstd","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"1","var_end_pos":"6","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"WEB STD FIRMID","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"440801","max":"441076"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_txt":"Unique ID for each observation","var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V561","name":"idu","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"7","var_end_pos":"14","var_width":"8","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"interview number (a0+a1+id)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"17300082","max":"37303885"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V562","name":"id","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"15","var_end_pos":"19","var_width":"5","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"interview number","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"7006","max":"60400"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V563","name":"a0","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"20","var_end_pos":"20","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"a.0 questionnaire","var_qstn_preqtxt":"CONTROL INFORMATION [TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE INTERVIEW]","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Questionnaire used in the interview. 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interview:minutes","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) SUPERVISORS PLEASE ANSWER\n2) If option 2 or 3 in A.18, estimate duration of the whole interview","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"0","max":"52"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"19","type":"vald"},{"value":"285","type":"invd"},{"value":"0","type":"min"},{"value":"55","type":"max"},{"value":"24.789","type":"mean"},{"value":"19.747","type":"stdev"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V596","name":"b1","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"85","var_end_pos":"86","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"what is this firm's current legal status?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"1) READ THE FOLLOWING TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE PROCEEDING. The goal of this survey is to gather information and opinions about the investment climate in this country. Ultimately, the information gathered here will help to develop new policies and programs that enhance employment and economic growth. The information obtained here will be held in the strictest confidentiality. Neither your name nor the name of your business will be used in any document based on this survey.\n2) READ OUT THE FOLLOWING INTRODUCTORY SENTENCE ONLY IF A7 = 1 (yes): The first few questions apply to the firm which your establishment is part of. \n3) SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is this firm\u2018s current legal status?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is 3 then SKIP TO B.2","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A firm's legal status is information well known for the target respondent: CEO, General Manager or owner of the firm.\nENUMERATORS DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE DEFINITION OF EACH TYPE OF LEGAL STATUS.\n\nA firm's legal status is first determined by whether participation on ownership is by shares (first 2 options) or not (options 3 and 4). The fifth option is a combination of the previous ones. \n\nIf a firm's shares are publicly traded, it is a shareholding company with shares traded in the stock market. If the shares are not traded or they are traded only privately it is a shareholding company with shares traded privately. A shareholding company with shares traded privately is a firm that is owned by partners or shareholders for whom their claims over the firm are not publicly traded. They may or may not be traded privately. In both of these categories firms have limited liability.\n\nA sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual natural person. A natural person is a real human being, as opposed to an artificial legal entity such as a corporation or organization that the law treats for some purposes as if it were a person distinct from its members or owner(s).\n\nA firm's legal status defines the extent of the liability which defines the level of responsibility of the owner over the firm's obligations. Under limited liability each owner is only responsible for the proportion of his\/her shares.\n\nA partnership allows two or more people to share profits and liabilities, with or without privately held shares. In a partnership, the parties could be individuals, corporations, trusts, other partnerships, or a combination of all of the above. The essential characteristic of this partnership is the unlimited liability of every partner.\n\nLimited partnership is a legal form that includes one or several general partners and one or more limited partners who invest capital into the partnership, but do not take part in the daily operation or management of the business. The limited partners limit their amount of liability to the amount of capital invested in the partnership. The general partners personally shoulder all debts and obligations of the partnership. Business operations are governed, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement, by majority vote of voting partners. Limited liability partnerships are separate legal entities that provide liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. \n\nCooperatives and state owned firms should be designated as Other. When other is chosen, the actual form of legal status must be specified in writing by the enumerator on the survey instrument.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"6"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"publicly listed company","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"private held, limited liability company","stats":"258","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"sole proprietorship","stats":"45","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"partnership","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"limited partnership","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"other","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V597","name":"b1x","file_id":"F3","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"87","var_end_pos":"87","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b1x.other (specify)","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is this firm's current legal status? \nOther","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"A firm's legal status is information well known for the target respondent: CEO, General Manager or owner of the firm.\nENUMERATORS DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE DEFINITION OF EACH TYPE OF LEGAL STATUS.\n\nA firm's legal status is first determined by whether participation on ownership is by shares (first 2 options) or not (options 3 and 4). The fifth option is a combination of the previous ones. \n\nIf a firm's shares are publicly traded, it is a shareholding company with shares traded in the stock market. If the shares are not traded or they are traded only privately it is a shareholding company with shares traded privately. A shareholding company with shares traded privately is a firm that is owned by partners or shareholders for whom their claims over the firm are not publicly traded. They may or may not be traded privately. In both of these categories firms have limited liability.\n\nA sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual natural person. A natural person is a real human being, as opposed to an artificial legal entity such as a corporation or organization that the law treats for some purposes as if it were a person distinct from its members or owner(s).\n\nA firm's legal status defines the extent of the liability which defines the level of responsibility of the owner over the firm's obligations. Under limited liability each owner is only responsible for the proportion of his\/her shares.\n\nA partnership allows two or more people to share profits and liabilities, with or without privately held shares. In a partnership, the parties could be individuals, corporations, trusts, other partnerships, or a combination of all of the above. The essential characteristic of this partnership is the unlimited liability of every partner.\n\nLimited partnership is a legal form that includes one or several general partners and one or more limited partners who invest capital into the partnership, but do not take part in the daily operation or management of the business. The limited partners limit their amount of liability to the amount of capital invested in the partnership. The general partners personally shoulder all debts and obligations of the partnership. Business operations are governed, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement, by majority vote of voting partners. Limited liability partnerships are separate legal entities that provide liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. \n\nCooperatives and state owned firms should be designated as Other. When other is chosen, the actual form of legal status must be specified in writing by the enumerator on the survey instrument.","var_sumstat":[{"value":"0","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V598","name":"b2a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"88","var_end_pos":"90","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"b.2a private domestic individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What percent of this firm is owned by each of the following:\t\nPrivate domestic individuals, companies or organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) Foreign ownership refers to the nationality of the owners. If the primary owner is a foreign national resident in the country, it is still a foreign owned firm. If the owner is another company or institution owned by individuals who are foreign nationals, then it is foreign owned. \n\nDomestic owners are nationals of the country in which the establishment is located. 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Please include all employees and managers","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The number of permanent, full-time employees for the time that the enterprise began operations should be provided. 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establishment formally registered when it began operations in this country?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Was this establishment formally registered when it began operations?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Registering refer to registration with the national registry (public or private).\n\nIf and only if the respondent asks what formal registration means explain that it's when the establishment registered with:\n\nXXXXXXX \u201cMinistry or department\u201d","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"278","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"25","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V608","name":"b6b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"115","var_end_pos":"118","var_width":"4","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"in what 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establishment's material inputs or supplies were: \t\nMaterial inputs or supplies of domestic origin","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The purpose of this question is to determine from where the inputs for production are obtained and purchased. \n\nThe calculation is done as a percent of all purchases of supplies and inputs purchased by the establishment for the fiscal year.\n\nInputs are materials that go through a mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation that will ultimately make up some portion of the final good produced. Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. Pencils and writing paper are good examples of a supply. \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"110","type":"vald"},{"value":"194","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"65","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"95","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"194","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V675","name":"d12b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"399","var_end_pos":"401","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"% of material inputs and supplies of foreign origin in last fiscal year","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2006, as a proportion of all of the material inputs or supplies purchased that year, what percent of this establishment's material inputs or supplies were: \t\nMaterial inputs or supplies of foreign origin","var_qstn_postqtxt":"IF 0, GO TO QUESTION D16","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The purpose of this question is to determine from where the inputs for production are obtained and purchased. \n\nThe calculation is done as a percent of all purchases of supplies and inputs purchased by the establishment for the fiscal year.\n\nInputs are materials that go through a mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation that will ultimately make up some portion of the final good produced. Lumber in a furniture factory is a good example of an input.\n\nSupplies are materials or products that are used, expended, consumed, but will not comprise the final good produced. Pencils and writing paper are good examples of a supply. \n\n2) INTERVIEWER: CHECK THAT TOTAL SUMS TO 100%","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"110","type":"vald"},{"value":"194","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"70","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"95","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"194","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V676","name":"d13","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"402","var_end_pos":"403","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"were any of these material inputs and supplies imported directly?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Were any of the material inputs or supplies purchased in fiscal year 2006, imported directly?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION D16","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The purpose of this question is to determine if the establishment has any interaction with customs when importing inputs and other materials.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"95","type":"vald"},{"value":"209","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"yes","stats":"59","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"no","stats":"34","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"209","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V677","name":"d14","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"404","var_end_pos":"405","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"av. no. days for imported goods to clear customs in last fiscal year","var_qstn_preqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: for European Union countries ask for material inputs or supplies imported from outside the EU","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2006, when this establishment imported material inputs or supplies (from outside the EU for European Union members), how many days did it take on average from the time goods arrived to their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time these goods could be claimed from customs?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The purpose of these questions is to measure the efficiency of customs clearance of imports.\n  \nGoods cleared customs includes all clearances required from the moment the goods arrived at their point of entry (e.g., port, airport) until the moment they satisfy the requirement of the clearance procedures at the customs office and can be picked up.  It does not include time spent on transportation to reach the point of entry. \n\nAverage number of days to clear customs. Prompt respondent to think of various shipments destined to the establishment that originated from abroad, and to estimate an average of the time it took when the shipment arrived to the country's point of entry to the time the establishment was allowed to claim them and begin domestic transport.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"45"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"59","type":"vald"},{"value":"245","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"less than one day","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"14","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"245","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V678","name":"d15","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"406","var_end_pos":"407","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"and what was the longest time to clear customs?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"And what was the longest time?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"30"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"59","type":"vald"},{"value":"245","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"less than one day","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"23","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"245","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V679","name":"d16","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"408","var_end_pos":"410","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"when you receive your most key input, how many days of stock is available?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At the present time, when this establishment receives delivery of its most important input, on average, how many days of inventory, measured in days of production, does this establishment keep?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: IF RESPONDENT REQUIRES CLARIFICATION, DEFINE AS STOCK ON HAND","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Days of inventory of main input. The purpose of this question is to assess the efficiency in the supply chain. When firms have to maintain a high level of stock, because they cannot rely on a predictable supply of inputs, this is a source of economic inefficiency. Inversely, if supplies of the main input can be relied upon to be easily available, firms will keep low levels of stock on hand.\n\nThe main input is the input that accounts for the highest value among all inputs. It is not the input for which stock is maintained the longest.  For example, if a company makes shirts, the most important input is the cloth, not the buttons and thread, though the establishment may actually keep a 90 day supply of buttons on hand and only a 30 day stock of cloth.\n\nDays of inventory should be calculated as the number of days of normal production capacity before running out of stock.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"170"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"110","type":"vald"},{"value":"194","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"21","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"180","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"200","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"365","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"194","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V680","name":"d17","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"411","var_end_pos":"413","var_width":"3","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"av. number of days of inventory on hand after receving sales item","var_qstn_qstnlit":"At the present time, when this establishment receives its main sales item, on average, how many days of inventory measured in days of sales, does this establishment keep?","var_qstn_postqtxt":"INTERVIEWER: IF RESPONDENT REQUIRES CLARIFICATION, DEFINE AS STOCK ON HAND","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Days of inventory of main sales item The purpose of this question is to assess the efficiency in the supply chain. When firms have to maintain a high level of sales items in stock, because they cannot rely on a predictable supply, this is a source of economic inefficiency. Inversely, if supplies of the main sales can be relied upon to be easily available, firms will keep low levels of stock on hand.\n\nThe main sales item is the item that accounts for the highest percentage of sales among all items that the establishment sells. It is not the item for which stock is maintained the longest.  \n\nDays of inventory should be calculated as how many days it would take, under normal sales conditions, to deplete the main sales item held in supply at the establishment's premises.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"365"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"81","type":"vald"},{"value":"223","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"13","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"21","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"28","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"31","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"45","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"60","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"80","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"120","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"180","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"200","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"365","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"223","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V681","name":"d30a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"414","var_end_pos":"415","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstcle is: transportation of goods, supplies, and inputs?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Is transport No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate Obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"142","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"54","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"50","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"41","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"9","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V682","name":"d30b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"416","var_end_pos":"417","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how much of an obstacle is: customs and trade regulations?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"SHOW CARD","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Are customs and trade regulations No Obstacle, a Minor Obstacle, a Moderate obstacle, a Major Obstacle, or a Very Severe Obstacle to the current operations of this establishment?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"1) The manager should be given a card with the different alternatives for 'degree of obstacle' (from 0 to 4).\n2) Sensitive question, no clarification can be offered","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"304","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"does not apply","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"0","labl":"no obstacle","stats":"103","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"minor obstacle","stats":"66","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"moderate obstacle","stats":"63","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"major obstacle","stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"very severe obstacle","stats":"18","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V683","name":"e1","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"418","var_end_pos":"419","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"main mkt in which you sold your main product or service in last fiscal year","var_qstn_preqtxt":"(READ OUT): Now we turn to the topic of competition and innovation.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2006, which of the following was the main market in which this establishment sold its main product?\t\nLocal - main product sold mostly in same municipality where establishment is located \t\nNational - main product sold mostly across the country where establishment is located \t\nInternational - main product sold mostly to nations outside country where establishment is located","var_qstn_postqtxt":"If answer is 3 or Don't Know then GO TO QUESTION E.12","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"The purpose of this question is to get the establishment to define what it considers to be its main market.\n\nThe main product is defined by the output that generates the highest proportion of sales. The establishment's main market is defined by the market that generates the most sales for the main product as defined above. \n\nIt could be the case that an establishment's main product is sold in smaller proportions in a greater number of markets and that the main product is never the greatest total annual share of revenue in any one market. For example, 51 percent of revenue comes from selling nails, but that is distributed equally in the local, national, and international markets, 33 percent in each. Bolts make up 49 percent of total annual revenues. However, half of the revenue for bolts comes from selling in the international market and half in the local market.  \n\nIt is clear that bolts sell more in its respective market with respect to nails, but does not generate as much revenue as nails do for the establishment. In such a case, nails should be used as the main product. Whenever local, national and international markets have equal shares choose the national market and do not follow the skip pattern.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"3"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"110","type":"vald"},{"value":"194","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"local-(products sold mostly in same country where establishm","stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"national-(products sold mostly outside croatia)","stats":"50","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"international-(products sold mostly outside croatia)","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"194","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V684","name":"e2","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"420","var_end_pos":"421","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"how many competitors did this establishment\u2019s main product\/product line face?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In fiscal year 2006, for the main market in which this establishment sold its main product, how many competitors did this establishment's main product face?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Number of competitors in establishment's market. Self-explanatory","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"86","type":"vald"},{"value":"218","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"none","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"one","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"2-5","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"more than 5","stats":"49","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"218","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V685","name":"e3","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"422","var_end_pos":"423","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"no. sales of main product increase\/remain the same\/decrease in last fiscal yr?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Comparing the last month to the first month of the fiscal year 2006 have monthly sales of this establishment's main product increased, remained the same, or decreased?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Change in value sales. The purpose of this question is to determine if the establishment has sold more than, less than or the same as it did in the previous year.\n\nSelling more is measured in terms of REVENUE (and not units like kilograms, for example).","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"3"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"86","type":"vald"},{"value":"218","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"increased","stats":"39","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"remained the same","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"decreased","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"218","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V686","name":"e4","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"424","var_end_pos":"425","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"did price of main product increase\/remain the same\/decrease in last fiscal yr?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Comparing the last month to the first month of the fiscal year 2006 have prices of this establishment's main product increased, remained the same, or decreased?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Change in prices. The purpose of this question is to determine if the establishment's prices were higher than, lower than or the same as they were in the previous year.  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