DDI_RWA_2004_PETS_v01_M Antonina Redko 2011-10-14 NADA v01 (October 2011) Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Education 2004 PETS 2004 RWA_2004_PETS_v01_M Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Ministry of Education World Bank NADA Hooman Dabidian Cindy Audiguier Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) A Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) is a diagnostic tool used to study the flow of public funds from the center to service providers. It has successfully been applied in many countries around the world where public accounting systems function poorly or provide unreliable information. The PETS has proven to be a useful tool to identify and quantify the leakage of funds. The PETS has also served as an analytical tool for understanding the causes underlying problems, so that informed policies can be developed. Finally, PETS results have successfully been used to improve transparency and accountability by supporting "power of information" campaigns. PETS are often combined with Quantitative Service Delivery Surveys (QSDS) in order to obtain a more complete picture of the efficiency and equity of a public allocation system, activities at the provider level, as well as various agents involved in the process of service delivery. While most of PETS and QSDS have been conducted in the health and education sectors, a few have also covered other sectors, such as justice, Early Childhood Programs, water, agriculture, and rural roads. In the past decade, about 40 PETS and QSDS have been implemented in about 30 countries. While a large majority of these surveys have been conducted in Africa, which currently accounts for 66 percent of the total number of studies, PETS/QSDS have been implemented in all six regions of the World Bank (East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa). Education Primary Education Secondary Education The first Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) in Rwanda was carried out in 2000. It traced the flow of budgetary resources from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning to primary health centers and a sample of primary schools for 1998-1999. The study collected information on sources of income for the facilities, expenditures on basic services, and the practices of accountability at various levels. Researchers also surveyed administrators and facility heads about the problems they face, how these problems could be resolved, and the quality and impact of the delivery of public services. The Rwanda PETS 2004 studied resources distribution and usage in education, health sectors, as well as in water and agriculture projects. The research gathered data on fiscal year 2003. Documented here is the study carried out in Rwanda education sector. The research focused on salaries of primary school teachers, funds for genocide survivors (FARG) and education support funds for vulnerable and poor children. Overall, the survey covered 12 provinces, 36 districts, 108 primary and 48 secondary schools, as well as 36 banks. Rwanda National - Ministry of Education; - Provincial Education Offices; - District Education Offices; - Primary schools; - Secondary schools; - Banks. Sample survey data [ssd] According to the Ministry of Education data, there were 2203 primary schools and 393 public and subsidized secondary schools in Rwanda. Three districts were chosen in each of twelve provinces (36 districts out of the total 106 in the country). One hundred and eight primary schools (5%) were selected in all provinces. One secondary school per district and one secondary school which is a beneficiary of FARG per province were included in the sample. Majority of teachers receive their salaries through the branches of Banques Populaires bank located in each district in Rwanda. Some teachers receive their salaries from UCT Banks, which are generally located in urban centers. One bank in each of 36 sampled districts was visited. Overall, the survey covered 12 provinces, 36 districts, 108 primary and 48 secondary schools, as well as 36 banks. Face-to-face [f2f] Two data gathering techniques were employed at the central level - document reviews and interviews. At the local level, interviews (structured and unstructured) and observations were used. Two consultants were sent to collect data from the Ministry of Education and banks. At the local level (provinces, districts and schools), 12 consultants were sent out to the 12 provinces, including Kigali Town. Each consultant had to submit the filled questionnaires and a field report. A data processing unit was set up to produce a database from information collected from the field, and make it available to consultants for analysis. Qualitative data was processed manually, while quantitative data was processed electronically. The software used were Access 2000 and SPSS for making tables, and Word 2000 and Excel 2000 for report drafting. The use of this survey must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name) - the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation - the survey reference number - the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online). Public use file The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.