We show that armed conflict in Uganda affects social capital as measured by trust and
associational membership. Relying on three rounds of nationally representative individuallevel
data bracketing a large number of violent events, we find that self-reported generalized
trust and associational membership decreased during the conflict in districts in which violent
events took place. But we also find evidence for a rapid recovery of social capital in the
aftermath of violence. Results from a variety of identification strategies, including differencein-difference
and instrumental variable estimates, suggests that these relationships are causal.