Using data from the third Cameroon Household Consumption Survey conducted in 2007 by the National Institute of Statistics, this paper aims to estimate the food security status and identify the factors associated to food insecurity in rural households of Cameroon. It is found that the incidence of food insecurity in rural area is about 33.8% using the household caloric acquisition method of estimating food security status. Further analysis using the bivariate logistic regression method identified region of residence, landless status, and household-head’s age as important determinants of food insecurity. Far-north’s households are at least 1.5 times more exposed to foods insecurity than other households of the country. Moreover, households who are sharecropper have 1.7 times more chance to experience food insecurity than those who are landowners. In addition, having a household head aged 40-49 and 50-59 increases the risk to be in food insecure by 1.5 and 1.3 respectively, compared to households that head’s age is less than 30. The region of the Far North should be preferred for eventual policies of fighting against food insecurity. Also, rural households that the head’s age is high must have priorities, and resident rural population should be encouraged and helped to own land.