Afrobarometer Survey 2022
Round 9

South Africa, 2022

Reference ID

ZAF_2022_AFB-R9_v01_M

Producer(s)

Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD), Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR), Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP), Institute for Development Studies (IDS), Michigan State University (MSU), University of Cape Town (UCT, South Africa)

Metadata

Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON

Study website

Created on

Jun 11, 2025

Last modified

Jun 11, 2025

Page views

697

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Q44d: How often: police use excessive force with criminals (Q44D)

Data file: SAF_R9.data_.final_.wtd_release.30May23.sav

Overview

Valid: 1580

Invalid: -

Minimum: 1

Maximum: 9

Type: Discrete

Decimal: 0

Start: 457

End: 458

Width: 2

Range: 1 - 9

Format: Numeric

Questions and instructions

Categories

Value	Category	Cases
-1	Missing	0	0%
1	Never	130	8.2%
2	Rarely	201	12.7%
3	Sometimes	448	28.4%
4	Often	322	20.4%
5	Always	314	19.9%
8	Refused	3	0.2%
9	Don’t know	162	10.3%

Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.

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