Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2022-2023
India, 2022 - 2023
Get MicrodataIdentification
IND_2022_HCES_v01_M
Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2022-2023
HCES 2022-23
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| India | IND |
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) has been conducting household surveys on consumption expenditure at regular intervals as part of its rounds, normally of one-year duration. The data on household consumption expenditure were collected in every round up to the 28th (1973-74) from the first round (1950-51) of the National Sample Survey (NSS). After the 26th round of the survey, the then Governing Council of NSSO decided to conduct the surveys on consumption expenditure and employment-unemployment together on a large scale, once in every five years. From the 42nd round (1986-87), on the basis of the recommendation of the Governing Council, NSS had started annual surveys of consumption expenditure in a smallerscale with an abridged version of the schedule and thin sample. This annual series was continued till NSS 64th round (2007-08). The quinquennial surveys were conducted and results were published in the 27th (1972-73), 32nd (1977-78), 38th (1983), 43rd (1987-88), 50th (1993-94), 55th (1999-‘00), 61st (2004-05), 66th (2009-10) and 68th (2011-12) rounds of NSS, at roughly 5-year intervals.
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) decided to conduct two consecutive surveys on household consumption expenditure during 2022-23 and 2023-24, once situation normalized after the Covid-19 pandemic. This was the first survey conducted during the period August 2022 to July 2023 and the second survey is conducted during August 2023 to July 2024 throughout the entire country.
The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is designed to collect information on consumption of goods and services by the households. Information collected in HCES is used for analyzing and understanding the consumption and expenditure pattern, standard of living and well-being of the households. Besides, the data of the survey provides budget shares of different commodity groups that is used for preparation of the weighting diagram for compilation of official Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The data collected in HCES is also utilized for deriving various other macroeconomic indicators.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households and Individuals
Scope
The survey covered the following topics:
- Identification of sample household and household size
- Household demographics characteristics
- Household characteristics
- Food items - general information on purchase/payment
- Consumption of cereals, pulses, sugar and salt during the last 30 days
- Consumption of milk & milk products, vegetables, fruits, egg, fish & meat, edible oil, spices, beverages during the last 7 days
- Consumption of processed food during the last 7 days
- Consumables and services - general information on purchase/payment
- Consumption of energy (fuel, light) during the last 30 days
- Expenditure on toilet articles and other household consumables during the last 30 days
- Expenditure on education and medical (hospitalisation) during the last 365 days and on medical (non-hospitalisation) during the last 30 days
- Expenditure on conveyance, consumer services (excluding conveyance), entertainment, rent and taxes during the last 30 days
- Consumption of pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 7 days
- Durable items - general information on purchase/payment
- Expenditure for clothing, footwear and bedding during the last 365 days
- Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repair and maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days
Coverage
The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access. Total 15016 FSUs was surveyed for the central sample at all-India level.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Statistics Office of India | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Computer Centre, National Statistics Office of India | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |
Sampling
A multistage stratified sampling design, considering villages/urban blocks as the first stage units has been used in the survey. The households are the ultimate stage units. Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR) method is used for selecting the samples.
In order to ensure proper representation of households of different economic categories, all the households of a selected village/urban block are classified into three groups depending on a criterion based on (i) land possessed in rural areas and (ii) possession of car in urban areas as on the date of the survey. A total of 18 households with proportional representation from the three groups have been selected.
Note: The details of survey methodology and estimation procedure are provided in Appendix B of the survey report “Survey on Household Consumption Expenditure: 2022-23”.
Allocation to States/UTs: The total number of sample First Stage Units (FSUs) are distributed among States and Union Territories (UTs) based on their population as per the 2011 Census. However, each State/UT receives a minimum of 40 FSUs.
Allocation to Rural and Urban Sectors within States/UTs: Within each State/UT, the allocated FSUs are divided between rural and urban sectors in proportion to their population (Census 2011), with a weight of 1.5 applied to the urban sector. A minimum of 20 FSUs are allocated separately to both rural and urban sectors for each State/UT.
For larger, more urbanized States (e.g., Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), the number of urban FSUs are capped to match the rural FSUs, to prevent disproportionate urban representation.
Allocation to Strata: Within each sector (rural/urban) of a State/UT, the sample FSUs are further allocated across different strata based on population (Census 2011). The stratum-level allocation is rounded to the nearest multiple of 20, with a minimum of 20 FSUs per stratum. For special strata formed at the all-India level, 20 FSUs are allocated.
Allocation to Sub-strata: In general, each sub-stratum within the rural or urban sector receives 20 FSUs. However, this number may be increased where necessary, especially in the case of smaller States/UTs or those in the North Eastern Region, due to sample size constraints.
Survey instrument
In the HCES 2022–23, the consumption basket was categorized into three broad groups: (i) Food items, (ii) Consumables and Services, and (iii) Durable Goods. Based on this classification, three separate questionnaires were developed: the Food Questionnaire (FDQ), the Consumables and Services Questionnaire (CSQ), and the Durable Goods Questionnaire (DGQ). These were administered to selected households across three consecutive monthly visits, with each visit focusing on a different category.
Additionally, a separate Household Characteristics Questionnaire (HCQ) was used to collect demographic and other background information about the household members.
To minimize any potential bias from the order of questionnaire administration, the survey employed all six possible sequences of the three main questionnaires:
(FDQ, CSQ, DGQ)
(FDQ, DGQ, CSQ)
(CSQ, FDQ, DGQ)
(CSQ, DGQ, FDQ)
(DGQ, FDQ, CSQ)
(DGQ, CSQ, FDQ)
This approach ensured that no particular sequencing influenced the results.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-08 | 2023-07 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI_IND_2022_HCES_v01_M
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre, National Statistics Office of India | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | Documentation of the survey | |
| Development Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Metadata adapted for World Bank Microdata Library |
Metadata version
Identical to a metadata (DDI-IND-MOSPI-NSSO-HCES22-23) published on National Statistics Office of India microdata repository (https://microdata.gov.in/NADA/index.php/catalog). Some of the metadata fields have been edited.