Background. Communities’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on malaria disease often remain unobserved during malaria
control efforts. In Tanzania, many studies focus on increasing community knowledge and awareness on malaria prevention
but the potential participation and contribution of schoolchildren towards knowledge, attitudes and practices on malaria has
received little attention. We investigated the knowledge and understanding of primary school children on malaria
transmission, recognition of symptoms, treatment seeking behaviour, preventive measures and practices in order to
potentially include this group in Tanzania’s malaria control efforts.
Materials and methods. 125 children were recruited from three purposively selected primary schools in Bagamoyo
district, Tanzania. A semi-structured interview guide, including both closed and open-ended questions, was used to collect
information from the participants to obtain their knowledge and understanding on malaria transmission, treatment and
prevention.
Results. More than half of the school children (79/125; 63.2% ) had knowledge on malaria as a disease and its
transmission; 101/125 (80.8%) of the respondents reported that going to the hospital was their immediate care-seeking
behaviour once they felt malaria symptoms, while 14/125 (11.2%) opted for self-medication. With regard to malaria
prevention and control, 115/125 (92.0%) of the respondents reported using bednets as their main malaria prevention strategy,
while 6/125 (4.8%) preferred the use of medicine, mostly artemether lumefantrine, as prophylaxis. Narratives obtained were
able to explain clearly the rationale behind different options children took to treat and to protect themselves against malaria.
Conclusions. Findings indicated that primary school children in Bagamoyo district are aware of malaria, its
symptoms and preventive measures, although some had misconceptions and could not associate the disease with its
transmission. We conclude that inclusion of school children on malaria control educational programmes could yield
substantial benefits towards malaria elimination.