Namibia, like most developing countries, lacks complete and comprehensive sustainable
land use plans. This has a negative impact on a range of land use activities. Although
Geographical Information System (GIS) is used as a planning tool in Namibia in an ad hoc
manner, there is no broader comprehensive framework to guide applications of GIS as a
planning tool specifically for land use planning (LUP). The purpose of this study is to
demonstrate how integration of participatory mapping and GIS can be used to enhance land
use planning in the Hardap Region, Namibia. The study seeks to point out lack of local
communities’ engagement in LUP process; lack of policy frameworks and guidelines for
Integrated Land Use Planning (ILUP); and poor data management.
The study adapted quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect relevant data and
information related to LUP. Data collected using participatory approaches such as Focus
Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Strengths Weaknesses
Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis were applied in an integrated manner in various
contexts. FGDs were used to evaluate participants’ knowledge of LUP in the Hardap region.
Besides participating in the FGDs, PRA and SWOT analysis, the participants also expressed
opinions concerning desirable and undesired land uses in the region. Sketch and photomapping
methods were found to be suitable approaches to capture local knowledge. GIS
was found to be effective in integrating participatory maps produced by the local
communities and existing spatial land use data.
The results shows that local communities are eager to learn about participatory approaches
and are willing to share their views and knowledge on land use in their respective areas. A
user-friendly comprehensive georeferenced digital database was created for the Hardap
region. This database is used for spatial data management, analyses, maintenance and
production of maps. Maps of new development initiatives in the region were produced.
The frameworks and guidelines suggested in this study has the potential to guide
participatory techniques aided by GIS technology involving local communities in sustainable
LUP processes in Namibia. The digital database incorporates experts’ knowledge on the
users and implementation aspects, making it a LUP benchmark tool of Namibia.
Key recommendations include incorporation of GIS technology in the ILUP, implementation
of comprehensive participatory LUP, adoption of guidelines for future LUP, skills training and
capacity development, and result-based monitoring.