Flood events in the Manafwa watershed, located in eastern Uganda, have increased in frequency
in recent years. The risk of flooding is increasing globally due partly to climate change which
enhances the number of weather extremes like excessive rainfalls or droughts. This increase in
flood events is also a response to land use changes; as more people use the land for agriculture
and housing the percentage of less pervious and impervious area increases. Floods in the
Manafwa watershed are often deadly and always an economic burden. In eastern Uganda there is
little that can be done about climate change but land use changes can be managed. This study
analyzed the impact of land use changes on floods in the Manafwa watershed in hopes of
informing local leaders regarding future flood risk reduction.
The analysis was conducted using a hydrologic model of the Manafwa watershed. The model
had two main components: a meteorological model and a basin model. The meteorological
model contained past rainfall data of the watershed and the basin model used the SCS curve
number method as its soil water loss method. The curve number determines the percentage of
rainfall water that becomes runoff, and is derived empirically from land use or land cover
information as well as the soil type. A curve number map of the watershed was created using
current land use and soil data; land use changes were modeled by making modifications to the
land use map which resulted in changes on the curve number map.
In addition to modeling the current land use condition, three land use changes were simulated
and the outflow result showed that land use changes can affect river flow and hence flood events
in the Manafwa river basin. The results also show that a land management program like
reforestation could decrease the risk of flooding in the watershed.