Southeast Asian countries are confronting climate variability, challenging agricultural
sustainability and rural livelihoods. However, little research effort has been devoted to
exploring how farmers in those countries perceive climate variability and how the perceptions
link to adaptive responses. This paper deploys information from three focus group discussions
with 30 male farmers; and six in-depth interviews with one female and five male agricultural
officers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Recorded 34-year meteorological data in the delta from
1978 to 2011 is also incorporated to demonstrate the actual climate variability of the region. We
find that farmers are becoming increasingly conscious of local climate variability issues.
However, they have limited understanding of the importance of adaptation to their livelihoods.
They also have limited knowledge of where and who to contact for appropriate climate change
adaptation information. No opinions about the link between global warming and local climate
variability and change were observed. Casual observation via public media and personalexperience dominated farmers’ sources of information. Barriers to farmers’ adaptation are not
exclusively restricted to socio-economic factors and resource constraints; e.g. land tenure, technical
knowledge, market, social relationship, credit, information, health care, and demographics.
Maladaptation, habit, and the perception of the importance of climate variability and adaptation
are found as additional constraints. Observed differences in farmers’ and agricultural officers’
perspectives regarding barriers to farmers’ adaptation suggest important policy implications.