Whole the human settlements in the south western Sahara in Algeria, ksour as the biggest cities, are caracterised by strong social mutations which affect the traditionnal way of life, and the oases' model. Historically, this way of life which has articulated religious values (maraboutic power) and economies based on an agricultural rente, tends to integrate the consumption systems induced by the globalisation. The evolution to a tertiary economy, the modernisation of agricultural practices and the development of the transportations have contributed to the social change of the saharan territories. Those mutations had open new spaces of daily mobility, and lot of saharans left the traditional housing (ksour) for access modern housing and jobs in the new economic activities. Between an evolution and a resistance to the change, the oases’ model is questionned in its unity at local scale and its diversity at a larger scale.