This paper, using the nationally representative data for older people in Vietnam, namely Vietnam Aging Survey (VNAS) in 2011, was aimed at exploring the current working status of older men and women who were at the ages beyond their respective normal retirement age (i.e., 60 for men and 55 for women) and then estimating how their chronic health conditions influenced on their decision to work. We found that there were significant differences in working rates between various groups of older men and women in terms of age group, living area, marital status, and educational level. The results from logistic models indicated that older persons with at least one chronic health condition had a significant lower probability of participating in the labour workforce than those without chronic health condition. In addition to health conditions, other factors (such as age, living area, and educational level) also implied that more vulnerable and poor older people had higher probabilities (i.e., more advanced ages, living in rural areas, and low educational levels) to work than did their counterparts. These groups of older people must work due to limited access to income security schemes, and thus there would be a great demand for policies supporting these groups of older people.