In this paper we discuss how three criteria – carbon effectiveness,
cost efficiency, and equity and co-benefits – can be incorporated in the
experimental design for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Degradation (REDD). We discuss how additional design components
can be introduced using a propensity score matching method in preselected
study sites. Finally, we explain how this carefully designed
study has helped to prepare the ground for a difference-in-difference
framework for future outcome and impact evaluation. Given the lack
of adequate data in developing country scenarios, and the mismatch
between project implementation and impact evaluation, this paper
highlights how a reliable baseline for forest carbon, ecology, and
social and livelihood indicators could be created by collecting data at
community level. This paper concludes with considerations for future
outcomes and an impact evaluation of the REDD+ mechanism.