OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of knowledge, attitude and practices of women regarding contraception. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 randomly selected females of reproductive age ranging from 14-50 years at Gynaecology and Obstetrics OPD of Moulvi Ameer Shah Memorial Hospital, Peshawar from January to December 2014. Data was collected by interviewing the subjects using a predesigned proforma and analyzed by SPSS version 12. RESULTS: Out of 1000 women, only 256 (25.6%) were using contraception. Majority of contraceptive users (n=137/256; 53.5%) were from >35 years old and 72.85% (n=542/744) of non-users of contraception were ranging in age from 20-35 years. Majority of contraceptive users (n=202/256; 78.9%) and nonusers (n=538/744; 72.3%) were Illiterate. Majority of contraceptive users (n=110/256; 43%) were from middle-class while most of non-users of contraceptives (n=633/744; 85.1%) were poor. The contraceptive use was 68.4% among working women than 31.6 % of the house wives. Coitus interruptus was more common method (n=135; 35.5%) followed by intrauterine contraceptive device (n=35; 13.7%). Reasons for not using contraception included "wishing no interference in nature" (n=371/744; 49.9%), "want more children" (n=362/744; 48.6%) and "pressure of husband/ in-laws" (n=301/744; 40.5%). Common reasons for contraceptive use were "want less children" (n=164/256; 64.1%) and "husband Demand" (n=156/256; 60.9%). There was lack of proper knowledge regarding contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION: Majority of women under study were not using any family planning method. Those who were using it were lacking proper knowledge and awareness. The role of health care professionals needs to be implemented.