Despite a slight overall decline in the HIV prevalence rate in Zambia, the country continues to grapple with a generalized HIV and AIDS epidemic. With 14 percent of the adult population infected with HIV—12 percent of men and 16 percent of women ages 15-49—Zambia remains one of the hardest hit countries (2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS): Preliminary Report, 2008). Although the determinants of HIV acquisition are complex, multi-faceted and interwoven, and include biological, behavioural and structural factors, there is increasing consensus that Concurrent Sexual Partnerships (CSP) are a major factor in the rapid spread of the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia. This study sought to understand the terms that people in Zambia use to discuss sexual concurrency, the reasons that people choose to engage in CSP, community support for monogamy, risk perceptions on CSP and HIV acquisition, condom use and Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) in the context of CSP, as well as people’s understanding of sexual networks and the “window period” for HIV transmission