The official estimates of poverty in Pakistan have shown a remarkable and consistent
decline in the poverty headcount during the previous decade. This paper examines trends in
poverty between 2001 and 2011 using the official food energy intake and the cost of basic needs
approaches, both of which are modified to allow poverty lines to vary over time and space. The
latter estimates provide utility-consistent poverty lines through the imposition of revealed
preference conditions in maximum entropy adjustments. Evidence from both methods suggests
that poverty incidence increased rather than declined as indicated in the official estimates.