This study investigates the impact of autonomy special on poverty reduction. Special autonomy of Aceh designed to rebuild Aceh after conflict and tsunami that had destroyed Aceh from the development and social political causing increased poor people. Special autonomy expected to be the solution of social problems and poverty in aceh province. To achieve a purpose of this research, used the theory decentralization asymmetrical that helps to see efforts the implementation of decentralization at the provincial level in accordance with local knowledge to the problem of community social and confinement the level of poverty. This research uses the method the qualitative study by adopting descriptive aimed at to explain deeper on the impact of autonomy special on poverty reduction through technique observation, interviews and documentation.