Background: Limited research exists about condom failure as experienced by female sex
workers (FSW). We conducted a qualitative study to examine how FSW in Mombasa, Kenya
contextualize and explain the occurrence of condom failure.
Methods: In depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirty FSW in Mombasa,
Kenya, to ascertain their condom failure experiences. We qualitatively analyzed interview
transcripts to determine how the women mitigate risk and cope with condom failure.
Results: The women commonly experienced condom failure but mitigated the risk by learning to
use condoms and supplying and applying condoms. Many FSWs felt that men intentionally
rupture condoms. The women widely felt incapable of preventing HIV, STIs and/or pregnancy
after condom failure.
Conclusions: Research is warranted to determine condom failure frequency and male
experiences. Interventions to equip the women with strategies for minimizing the risk of HIV,
STIs, and pregnancy in the aftermath of a condom failure are justified.