Realization of the right to health occurs along a continuum including national ratification of international treaties such as the
Convention on the Rights of the Child, passage of domestic laws and policies that may specify modes of implementation and
enforcement such as Kenya’s Constitution and HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act, and actual implementation of
domestic laws and policies such as through the regulation and delivery of health services. The stages heuristic theoretical
framework describes the public policy continuum as consisting of marked stages: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy
implementation, and evaluation. This case study illustrates the continuum in Kenya with regard to pediatric HIV testing. Kenya
has made progress applying law, policy, and science to reduce vertical transmission of HIV and increase HIV testing of infants,
although several challenges remain. Progress in policy implementation may reduce mother-to-child transmission and increase
pediatric HIV testing.