We study the effect of the Roll Back Malaria Partnership’s campaigns on human capital
outcomes using microeconomic data from 27 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. We first construct
a theoretical framework to describe a household’s human capital production. Then,
using a difference-in-differences approach based on pre-campaign malaria risk and campaign
timing and magnitude, we estimate the effect of anti-malaria campaigns on a set of human
capital outcomes. Campaigns reduce infant mortality and fertility, while increasing
adult labor supply and educational attainment. Our results underscore the importance of
considering how effects extend beyond health when evaluating large-scale efforts to reduce
disease.