Research has indicated that gender dynamics—and in particular men’s disapproval
of family planning—have had an influence on the low levels of contraceptive
use in sub-Saharan Africa. Limited evidence exists, however, on effective
strategies to increase male approval. We conducted 12 focus group discussions
with married men aged 20–66 (N =106) in Kenya to explore FP perceptions.
Men’s disapproval of FP was associated with anxieties regarding male identity
and gender roles. Men often distrusted FP information provided by their wives
because they suspected infidelity or feared being viewed as “herded.” Men also
feared that providers might pressure them into vasectomies or into disclosing
extramarital sexual activity or HIV diagnoses to their wives. Suggested strategies
include programs targeting couples jointly and FP education for men provided
by male outreach workers. To encourage men’s acceptance, community-based
programs directly targeting men are needed to reduce stigma and misconceptions
and to increase awareness of the benefits of FP.