Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the emerging pattern of disability (activity limitation) in terms of its prevalence, age and
gender distribution in Rwanda. Method: A door-to-door survey was conducted in all households in villages from two districts selected
through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Identified persons were screened for activity limitations using age-appropriate instruments
developed from domains in the ICF. Proportions were computed and disaggregated by age group, gender, district and activity limitation.
A multidisciplinary rehabilitation team including community members participated in the development of instruments, community
mobilisation, data collection and collation. Results: Prevalence rates of 8.6% (Bugesera) and 14.7% (Musanze) were obtained. The
prevalence of disability was higher in adults than in children in both districts (10.4% versus 6.6% in Bugesera and 19.6% versus 7.7% in
Musanze). Visual limitations occurred the most frequently in both adults and children in both districts. Mobility and mental health
limitations also notably contributed to the overall disability burden. Conclusion: The prevalence of disability obtained was higher than all
previously reported data for Rwanda. Despite the limitations, the findings provide useful information for planning rehabilitation services
and to direct future enquiry into the epidemiology of disability in Rwanda.