The present study used the 1994/95 Lesotho Household Budget Survey to investigatedemographic and socio-economic difference in Lesotho using the sex of the household headas the unit of analysis. The data consists of 4,813 households; 3,317 of them headed by malesand the remaining 1,496 by females. Both descriptive and multiple regression analysis havebeen used. Descriptive analysis was utilised in order to describe characteristics of thehousehold population using the sex of the household head as the unit of analysis whilemultiple regression analysis helped to establish if there were any significant differences in thewell being of households after controlling for the demographic and socio-economiccharacteristics of the head of the household. Generally males headed the majority ofhouseholds in Lesotho and there were more males in male headed households while theopposite was the case in female-headed households. It has also been established that maleheads were currently married while female heads were either never married or widowed. Thiswas also observed at individual level. Comparing females only, the proportion of nevermarried women was the same between male and female headed households while widedifferences existed among currently married and divorced women. Other than the peculiarfeature of Lesotho with a high percentage of females with exposure to education than males,access to primary education was not influenced by the sex of the household head. However,children in male headed households had a better chance to attend secondary education thanchildren from female headed households. This was due to the fact that male headedhouseholds were wealthier than female headed households. The high proportion of salariedindividuals or individuals working as migrant workers in South Africa as well as theconstructed wealth index did confirm that male headed households are more wealthier thanfemale headed households. As regards variables that significantly contributed to householdwealth, age of the household head, number of migrant workers outside Lesotho within ahousehold, education, zone and migrant worker status of household head were the mostimportant.