Through linkage of a Demographic and Health Survey to a situation analysis, this article explores whether current contraceptive use in Peru is affected by the service environment in which a woman resides. The investigation focuses explicitly on the impact of the quality of family planning services and finds that, net of personal and household characteristics, a significant, albeit small, effect exists for one specification of quality in the total sample and for the other specification a nearly significant (p = .053) effect exists. The analysis reveals that contraceptive prevalence would be 16 to 23 percent greater if all women lived in a cluster with the highest quality of care compared with the lowest. Methodological problems that arise in measuring quality of care at the cluster level and in linking quality to individual contraceptive use are also addressed.