Central Asia experienced major socio-economic shocks during the 1990s, which has increased food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. In response, Central Asia has adopted food self-sufficiency policies. This paper argues that regional and international trade can improve food security if implemented properly. However, a new constraint on food trade has arisen — food safety. Using the World Bank’s Living Standard and Measurement Survey for Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan, this paper analyzes Central Asia’s household food security policy options. Evidence shows that food safety practices will affect external food trade in Central Asia. Finally, a framework for reviving food trade is proposed.