The gender earnings differential in Russia 2000-02 is examined using a nationally representative household survey. Adjusted for hours worked, women’s monthly earnings are 62% of men’s, and women’s long-run effective wage is 69% of men’s. While women’s higher human capital endowments reduce the gender earnings differential, job segregation by gender accounts for about three quarters of it. Wage arrears compress earnings actually received and slightly reduce the gender pay gap. The unexplained part of the differential is largely attributed to discrimination against women.