The study focused on human development indicators in rural Egypt, not only because the rural population is close to 60% and 60% of the rural household income from agricultural production, where the traditional agriculture system is of holdings smaller than 5 Feddans represents 80% of the landholdings. They perform under limitations of labor intensive, traditional irrigation technologies, and they suffer from high rural/urban human gap. The concerned human development indicators were the rural/Urban gap, poverty, income distribution, labor force structure and employment, health status, education and migration, the allocation and productivity of agricultural resources, particularly land, water and energy. The food Security development was assessed through the self-sufficiency ratios, dietary consumption pattern and the role of food and agriculture sectors in the national economy.