The National Institute of Population Studies analyzed data on 6364 currently married women from the 1990-1991 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) to confirm the hypothesis (developed after analysis of the 1984-1985 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey) that contraceptive use was underreported, more so than births, due to shyness. The reported contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) was 11.8%. Further analysis suggested that 11.9% (759) of currently married women were indeed shy/silent users, defined as women who had not given birth in the last 5-7 years, had not experienced menopause, reported to not be using any contraceptives, had at least 1 child, were less than 45 years old, and did not have secondary infertility. They comprised 44.1% of all nonpregnant nonusers. If one adds the shy/silent users to the contraceptive prevalence rate, it becomes 23.7% (11.8 + 11.9%). The expected total fertility rate (TFR) for a CPR of 11.8% was 6.1. Using the Bongaarts regression intercept of 6.83 and the CPR that includes the shy/silent users resulted in better consistency between the reported PDHS TFR (5.2-5.4) and the adjusted CPR (23.7%). The shy/silent users were more likely to be older (37.1 years vs. 34.8 years), married longer (e.g., married for 20 years, 50.3% vs. 33.4%), and illiterate (83.5% vs. 52%) and to depend more on Allah when expressing a desire for more births (16.8% vs. 2.1%) than the reported current users. They were less likely to believe their husbands approved on contraception (21.1% vs. 57.4%), to talk to them about family planning (16.2% vs. 44.4%), and to be able to go to health facilities and family planning clinics alone (25.4% vs. 50.4%). These findings suggested that the shy/silent users were doing something to prevent pregnancy. They may not have been using modern contraception, but probably used traditional methods and induced abortion. Additional research should examine what methods these women do indeed use to prevent births.