In recent years technology researchers have shown a growing interest in how users appropriate information and communication technologies (ICTs) to address self-determined development needs and aspirations. This paper contributes a case study of Asikana Network, a Zambian women's organisation that uses ICT4D to tackle the profound gender inequality experienced by women in the country's emerging ICT sector. The particular focus of this case study is the use by Asikana members of participatory video. Using the theoretical lens of the capabilities approach and critical feminist pedagogy, and a participatory action research approach, the paper presents evidence that the technology of participatory video has particular affordances that can enhance people's critical-agency to determine their own development. Here 'critical-agency' refers to people's critical understanding of the disadvantage that they experience, as well as their agency in acting to overcome it. Findings suggest that, whilst the technology of participatory video has affordances that can enhance critical-agency for development, these outcomes are not technologically determined and rely on particular human capacity and intent. Recommendations are made for a critical theory and practice of ICT4D that enables disadvantaged people to make use of ICTs to improve their understanding of the structural root-causes of the inequality that they experience, in ways that inform their critical agency to transform it.